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Ma X, Li M, Wang X, Qi G, Wei L, Zhang D. Sialylation in the gut: From mucosal protection to disease pathogenesis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122471. [PMID: 39174097 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Sialylation, a crucial post-translational modification of glycoconjugates, entails the attachment of sialic acid (SA) to the terminal glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids through a tightly regulated enzymatic process involving various enzymes. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of sialylation within the gut, encompassing its involvement in mucosal protection and its impact on disease progression. The sialylation of mucins and epithelial glycoproteins contributes to the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Furthermore, sialylation regulates immune responses in the gut, shaping interactions among immune cells, as well as their activation and tolerance. Additionally, the gut microbiota and gut-brain axis communication are involved in the role of sialylation in intestinal health. Altered sialylation patterns have been implicated in various intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and other intestinal disorders. Emerging research underscores sialylation as a promising avenue for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic interventions in intestinal diseases. Potential strategies such as sialic acid supplementation, inhibition of sialidases, immunotherapy targeting sialylated antigens, and modulation of sialyltransferases have been utilized in the treatment of intestinal diseases. Future research directions will focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying sialylation alterations, identifying sialylation-based biomarkers, and developing targeted interventions for precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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Zhang Z, Li X, Huang M, Huang Y, Tan X, Dong Y, Huang Y, Jian J. Siglec7 functions as an inhibitory receptor of non-specific cytotoxic cells and can regulate the innate immune responses in a primitive vertebrate (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134851. [PMID: 39168212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, siglec7, an integral component of the siglecs, is principally found on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and monocytes, where it interacts with various pathogens to perform immunological regulatory activities. Nonetheless, the immune defense and mechanism of siglec7 in early vertebrates remain unknown. In this study, we identified siglec7 from Oreochromis niloticus (OnSiglec7) and revealed its immune functions. Specifically, OnSiglec7 was abundantly expressed in immune-related tissues of healthy tilapia and its transcription level was strongly activated after being challenged with A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and Poly: IC. Meanwhile, OnSiglec7 protein was purified and analyzed, which could recognize multiple pathogens through binding and agglutinating activity. Moreover, OnSiglec7-positive cells were mainly distributed in non-specific cytotoxic cells (NCC) of tilapia HKLs and showed cell membrane localization. Furthermore, OnSiglec7 blockage affected multiple innate immune responses (inflammation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis process) by regulating the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, TLR, and JAK-STAT pathways. Finally, OnSiglec7 blockage also greatly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of tilapia NCC. Summarily, this study uncovers immune functions and mechanisms of siglec7 in primitive vertebrates, thereby enhancing our understanding of the systemic evolution and ancient functions of other siglecs within the host's innate immune system (to our knowledge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuyan Tan
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
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Segura-Ortiz A, García-Nieto J, Aldana-Montes JF, Navas-Delgado I. Multi-objective context-guided consensus of a massive array of techniques for the inference of Gene Regulatory Networks. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108850. [PMID: 39013340 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) inference is a fundamental task in biology and medicine, as it enables a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms of gene expression present in organisms. This bioinformatics problem has been addressed in the literature through multiple computational approaches. Techniques developed for inferring from expression data have employed Bayesian networks, ordinary differential equations (ODEs), machine learning, information theory measures and neural networks, among others. The diversity of implementations and their respective customization have led to the emergence of many tools and multiple specialized domains derived from them, understood as subsets of networks with specific characteristics that are challenging to detect a priori. This specialization has introduced significant uncertainty when choosing the most appropriate technique for a particular dataset. This proposal, named MO-GENECI, builds upon the basic idea of the previous proposal GENECI and optimizes consensus among different inference techniques, through a carefully refined multi-objective evolutionary algorithm guided by various objective functions, linked to the biological context at hand. METHODS MO-GENECI has been tested on an extensive and diverse academic benchmark of 106 gene regulatory networks from multiple sources and sizes. The evaluation of MO-GENECI compared its performance to individual techniques using key metrics (AUROC and AUPR) for gene regulatory network inference. Friedman's statistical ranking provided an ordered classification, followed by non-parametric Holm tests to determine statistical significance. RESULTS MO-GENECI's Pareto front approximation facilitates easy selection of an appropriate solution based on generic input data characteristics. The best solution consistently emerged as the winner in all statistical tests, and in many cases, the median precision solution showed no statistically significant difference compared to the winner. CONCLUSIONS MO-GENECI has not only demonstrated achieving more accurate results than individual techniques, but has also overcome the uncertainty associated with the initial choice due to its flexibility and adaptability. It is shown intelligently to select the most suitable techniques for each case. The source code is hosted in a public repository at GitHub under MIT license: https://github.com/AdrianSeguraOrtiz/MO-GENECI. Moreover, to facilitate its installation and use, the software associated with this implementation has been encapsulated in a Python package available at PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/geneci/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Segura-Ortiz
- Department de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, ITIS Software, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - José García-Nieto
- Department de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, ITIS Software, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José F Aldana-Montes
- Department de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, ITIS Software, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ismael Navas-Delgado
- Department de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, ITIS Software, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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4
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Chen L, Zhang L, Hua H, Liu L, Mao Y, Wang R. Interactions between toll-like receptors signaling pathway and gut microbiota in host homeostasis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1356. [PMID: 39073297 PMCID: PMC11284964 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of fundamental pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system, constituting the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous antigens. The gut microbiota, a collection of commensal microorganisms in the intestine, is a major source of exogenous antigens. The components and metabolites of the gut microbiota interact with specific TLRs to contribute to whole-body immune and metabolic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and TLR signaling pathways and to enumerate the role of microbiota dysbiosis-induced TLR signaling pathways in obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS Through the recognition of TLRs, the microbiota facilitates the development of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, while the immune system monitors dynamic changes in the commensal bacteria to maintain the balance of the host-microorganism symbiosis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce a cascade of inflammatory and metabolic responses mediated by TLR signaling pathways, potentially resulting in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION Understanding the crosstalk between TLRs and the gut microbiota contributes to potential therapeutic applications in related diseases, offering new avenues for treatment strategies in conditions like obesity, IBD, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Chen
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health ServiceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health ServiceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchSuzhouChina
| | - Hua Hua
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese MedicineChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Li Liu
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese MedicineChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Yuejian Mao
- Global R&D Innovation CenterInner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd.HohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health ServiceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Luo Y, Zhang G, Hu C, Huang L, Wang D, Chen Z, Wang Y. The Role of Natural Products from Herbal Medicine in TLR4 Signaling for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2727. [PMID: 38930793 PMCID: PMC11206024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway constitutes an intricate network of protein interactions primarily involved in inflammation and cancer. This pathway triggers intracellular signaling cascades, modulating transcription factors that regulate gene expression related to immunity and malignancy. Previous studies showed that colon cancer patients with low TLR4 expression exhibit extended survival times and the TLR4 signaling pathway holds a significant role in CRC pathogenesis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have garnered substantial attention as an alternative therapeutic modality for CRC, primarily due to their multifaceted composition and ability to target multiple pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that specific TCM products, such as andrographolide, rosmarinic acid, baicalin, etc., have the potential to impede CRC development through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Here, we review the role and biochemical processes of the TLR4 signaling pathway in CRC, and natural products from TCMs affecting the TLR4 pathway. This review sheds light on potential treatment strategies utilizing natural TLR4 inhibitors for CRC, which contributes to the advancement of research and accelerates their clinical integration into CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Guochen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Lijun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhejie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (G.Z.); (L.H.); (D.W.)
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6
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Wang K, Huang H, Zhan Q, Ding H, Li Y. Toll-like receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e549. [PMID: 38685971 PMCID: PMC11057423 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hanyao Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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7
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Wang B, Liu S, Lin L, Xu W, Gong Z, Xiao W. The protective effect of L-theanine on the intestinal barrier in heat-stressed organisms. Food Funct 2024; 15:3036-3049. [PMID: 38414417 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress caused by heatwaves, extreme temperatures, and other weather can damage the intestinal barrier of organisms. L-Theanine (LTA) attenuates heat stress-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and impaired immune function, but its protective effect on the intestinal barrier of heat-stressed organisms is unclear. In this study, low (100 mg kg-1 d-1), medium (200 mg kg-1 d-1), and high (400 mg kg-1 d-1) dosages of LTA were used in the gavage of C57BL/6J male mice that were experimented on for 50 d. These mice were subjected to heat stress for 2 h d-1 at 40 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH in the last 7 d. LTA attenuated the heat stress-induced decreases in body mass and feed intake, and the destruction of intestinal villi and crypt depth; reduced the serum levels of FITC-dextran and D-LA, as well as the DAO activity; and upregulated the colonic tissues of Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1 mRNA and occludin protein expression. The number of goblet cells in the colon tissue of heat-stressed organisms increased in the presence of LTA, and the expression levels of Muc2, Muc4 mRNA, and Muc2 protein were upregulated. LTA increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter, and decreased the abundance of Enterorhabdus and Desulfovibrio in the intestinal tract of heat-stressed organisms and restored gut microbiota homeostasis. LTA promoted the secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and sIgA and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the colon of heat-stressed organisms. The expressions of Hsf1, Hsp70, Hsph1, TLR4, P38 MAPK, p-P65 NF-κB, MLCK mRNA, and proteins were downregulated by LTA in the colon of heat-stressed organisms. These results suggest that LTA protects the intestinal barrier in heat-stressed organisms by modulating multiple molecular pathways. Therefore, this study provides evidence on how tea-containing LTA treatments could be used to prevent and relieve intestinal problems related to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Reghu G, Vemula PK, Bhat SG, Narayanan S. Harnessing the innate immune system by revolutionizing macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Biosci 2024; 49:63. [PMID: 38864238 PMCID: PMC11286319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fastgrowing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Reghu
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
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Xu Y, Wang F, Mi K, Wang X, Wang D, Zhao Q, Wang J, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu X. Biglycan regulated colorectal cancer progress by modulating enteric neuron-derived IL-10 and abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. iScience 2023; 26:107515. [PMID: 37664615 PMCID: PMC10469580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN) is a proteoglycan with branch chains and highly expressed in enteric neurons in the tumor tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is negatively associated with survival rates in patients with CRC. However, how the proteoglycan promotes the progress of CRC through interacting with bacteria and regulating the immune response of enteric neurons remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that biglycan deficiency changed tumor distribution in a colitis-associated colon cancer model. Furthermore, we revealed that BGN deficiency inhibits tumor growth in an allograft tumor model and the migration of cancer cell by upregulating interleukin-10 expression in enteric neurons. Significantly, we demonstrated that biglycan deficiency enriched the abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron through competing with it for chondroitin sulfate to inhibit CRC progress. Our work provided new insights into the interaction between host proteoglycan and gut microbiota as well as the role of enteric neurons in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Kai Mi
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Danlei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wu C, Hou X, Li S, Luo S. Long noncoding RNA ZEB1-AS1 attenuates ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells through modulating miR-429/BGN axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23381. [PMID: 37128782 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth utmost common malignant cancer type globally, in which ferroptosis acts a critical function in the progress of GC. Long noncoding RNA ZEB1-AS1 has been recognized in numerous cancers, but the role of ZEB1-AS1 in ferroptosis remains obscure. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of ZEB1-AS1 on ferroptosis of GC cells. The cell growth and viability were analyzed via cell counting kit assay and xenograft tumor model in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The RNA and protein expression were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis assay, respectively. The levels of Fe2+ , malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were tested to determine ferroptosis. The erastin and RSL3 were used to induce ferroptosis. The mechanism was analyzed via luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays. The treatment of ferroptosis inducer Erastin and RSL3 suppressed the viability of GC cells and the ZEB1-AS1 overexpression rescued the phenotype in the cells. The levels of Fe2+ , MDA, and ROS were enhanced through the depletion of ZEB1-AS1 in Erastin/RSL3 treated GC cells. ZEB1-AS1 directly sponged miR-429 in GC cells and miR-429 targeted BGN in GC cells, and the inhibition of miR-429 rescued ZEB1-AS1 depletion-inhibited BGN expression. We validated that miR-429 induced and BGN-repressed ferroptosis in cancer cells. The BGN overexpression and miR-429 suppression could reverse the efficacy of ZEB1-AS1 on proliferation and ferroptosis in cancer cells. The expression of ZEB1-AS1 and BGN was enhanced and miR-429 expression was decreased in clinical GC tissues. ZEB1-AS1 attenuated ferroptosis of cancer cells by modulating miR-429/BGN axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinfang Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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11
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Berdiaki A, Giatagana EM, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. The Landscape of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Impact on Cancer Pathogenesis with a Focus on Biglycan and Lumican. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37509212 PMCID: PMC10377491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multifactorial procedure that involves changes in the cell microenvironment and specific modulations in cell functions. A tumor microenvironment contains tumor cells, non-malignant cells, blood vessels, cells of the immune system, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of nineteen proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously expressed among mammalian tissues and especially abundant in the ECM. SLRPs are divided into five canonical classes (classes I-III, containing fourteen members) and non-canonical classes (classes IV-V, including five members) based on their amino-acid structural sequence, chromosomal organization, and functional properties. Variations in both the protein core structure and glycosylation status lead to SLRP-specific interactions with cell membrane receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and structural ECM molecules. SLRPs have been implicated in the regulation of cancer growth, motility, and invasion, as well as in cancer-associated inflammation and autophagy, highlighting their crucial role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Except for the class I SLRP decorin, to which an anti-tumorigenic role has been attributed, other SLPRs' roles have not been fully clarified. This review will focus on the functions of the class I and II SLRP members biglycan and lumican, which are correlated to various aspects of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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12
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Wu H, Xiang Z, Huang G, He Q, Song J, Dou R, Yang C, Wang S, Xiong B. BGN/FAP/STAT3 positive feedback loop mediated mutual interaction between tumor cells and mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:465-483. [PMID: 36632455 PMCID: PMC9830517 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is most frequent in gastric cancer (GC) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in this process. However, the concrete mechanism of crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells in PM of GC remains unclear. Microarray sequencing of GC focus and PM lesions was performed, and biglycan (BGN) was screened for further study. Clinically, BGN expression was higher in GC tissues than adjacent normal tissues, and high expression correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BGN promoted tumor progression and the transformation of mesothelial cells (MCs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts like cells (CAFLCs). In turn, CAFLCs-derived fibroblast activation protein (FAP) facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells. GC-derived BGN combined with toll like receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR4 on MCs to activate the NF-κB pathway and promote the transformation of MCs into CAFLCs by the recovery experiment, coimmunoprecipitation assay, nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extraction assay. CAFLCs-derived FAP could activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in GC. Finally, activated STAT3 promoted BGN transcription in GC, resulting in a BGN/FAP-STAT3 positive feedback loop. Taken together, mutual interaction between tumor cells and activated MCs mediated by a BGN/FAP-STAT3 positive feedback loop facilitates PM of GC and provides a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxian Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Bin Xiong, ; Shuyi Wang,
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Bin Xiong, ; Shuyi Wang,
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13
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Li M, Tao J, Qian R, Jiang F, Song Y, Zeng Z, Cai C. Development of alternative herbals remedy for gastric cancer based on transcriptomic analysis of immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1086368. [PMID: 36936437 PMCID: PMC10020191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1086368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Screening out potential herbal medicines and herbal ingredients for the treatment of gastric cancer based on transcriptomic analysis of immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Methods: Gene expression profiles of gastric tumour tissues and normal tissue samples were obtained from the GEO database and the samples were analysed for immune cell infiltration condition and differential expressed genes of ferroptosis. Key genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) and enrichment analysis, and molecular docking was used to predict and preliminary validate potential herbal and traditional Chinese medicine components for gastric cancer based on the key genes. Finally, RT-QPCR was used to validate the prediction results. Results: Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed high levels of infiltration of activated CD4 memory T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages in gastric tumor tissues, while plasma cells and resting mast cells had higher levels of infiltration in the paraneoplastic tissues. Differential gene expression analysis identified 1,012 upregulated genes and 880 downregulated genes, of which 84 immune related differentially expressed genes such as CTSB, PGF and PLAU and 10 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes such as HSF1, NOX4 and NF2 were highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The results of enrichment analysis showed that they mainly involve 343 biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization and extracellular structural organization; 37 cellular components such as complexes of collagen trimer and basement membrane; 35 molecular functions such as signal receptor activator activity and receptor ligand activity; 19 regulatory pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and retinol metabolism. Finally, two key genes, TLR4 and KRAS, were selected and 12 herbal medicines such as Radix Salviae liguliobae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Polygoni cuspidati and 27 herbal ingredients such as resveratrol, salvianolic acid b were predicted on the basis of key genes. Molecular docking results showed that KRAS binds tightly to coumarin and magnolol, while TLR4 can bind tightly to resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid b, shikonin. Subsequently, the effect of resveratrol and magnolol was experimentally verified. Conclusion: Herbal medicines such as S. liguliobae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma P. cuspidati and herbal ingredients such as resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid b may provide research directions and alternative therapeutic approaches for immunomodulation of TME and ferroptosis of tumour cells in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinzhi Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicong Zeng, ; Changlong Cai,
| | - Changlong Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicong Zeng, ; Changlong Cai,
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14
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Wang J, Song R, Lan R, Hao M, Liu G, Liu M, Sun S, Chen C, Che H. Peanut allergen induces more serious allergic reactions than other allergens involving MAPK signaling pathways. Food Funct 2022; 13:8818-8828. [PMID: 35920097 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00777k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is no universally accepted uniform research to classify the severity of allergic reactions triggered by different food allergens. We established a food allergy model based on repeated intragastric administrations of proteins from peanut, egg, milk, or soybean mixed with cholera toxin followed by oral food challenges with a high dose of the sensitizing proteins. Increased specific IgE, specific IgG1, allergic symptom scores, histamine, murine mast cell proteases-1, vascular leakage, Th2 cytokines, and mast cell infiltration in the lungs and intestine were found in the allergic groups via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin-eosin, and toluidine blue staining. Each sensitized group showed a decrease in body temperature and Th1 cytokines after oral food challenge. The increased levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, and related asthma genes ARG1, DCN, LTB4R1 and NFKBIA as well as the activation of MAPK signaling pathways were also revealed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. In terms of the severity of food allergies, peanut allergy was the most serious followed by egg and milk, and soybean allergy was the least severe. Compared to other allergic groups, asthma genes were regulated through the MAPK signaling pathways to produce related Th2 cytokines in peanut allergy; consequently, mice in the peanut group exhibited more severe allergic reactions. Comparison of the severity of food allergies is required for the development of milder prevention for severe food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Ruolin Song
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Ruoxi Lan
- Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Shanfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Huilian Che
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhao L, Liang J, Zhong W, Han C, Liu D, Chen X. Expression and prognostic analysis of BGN in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2022; 827:146461. [PMID: 35358652 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BGN belongs to class of small leucine rich proteoglycans, which is high expression in plenty of human cancers. However, the detailed role of BGN remains unclear in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we assessed the transcriptional expression, protein expression, prognosis, co-expressed genes, functional enrichment, and hub genes in HNSC patients based on the data published in the following databases: ONCOMINE, GEPIA, GEO, LinkedOmics, and HPA databases. Data from the TCGA database was used to analyze the correlations between BGN expression and different clinicopathological features, as well as prognostic analysis. RESULTS We found that the expression of BGN is higher in patients with HNSC than in control tissues. Pathologically, high BGN expression was significantly correlated with T3 and T4 stage. Besides, high expression of BGN is a poor prognostic factor for overall surviva, not disease free survival. The co-expression genes associated with BGN expression exhibited enriched in various function and pathway, such as extracellular matrix, mitochondrion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. A total of 10 hub genes were identified from the co-expressed genes, within which five genes, including FSTL1, LAMB1, SDC2, VCAN, and IGFBP7, were significantly increased in patient's with HNSC. BGN exhibited weak correlations with tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T, macrophages cell, and dendritic cells. Futhermore, many markers of infiltrating immune cells, such as Treg, showed different BGN-related immune infiltration patterns. BGN expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in COAD and STAD. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that BGN is high expression in HNSC and is a poor prognostic factor for clinical outcome in patients with HNSC. It could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients survival in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiusi Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Caixia Han
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongzhe Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiuhui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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16
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Isik Z, Leblebici A, Demir Karaman E, Karaca C, Ellidokuz H, Koc A, Ellidokuz EB, Basbinar Y. In silico identification of novel biomarkers for key players in transition from normal colon tissue to adenomatous polyps. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267973. [PMID: 35486660 PMCID: PMC9053805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyps of the colon are the most common neoplastic polyps. Although most of adenomatous polyps do not show malign transformation, majority of colorectal carcinomas originate from neoplastic polyps. Therefore, understanding of this transformation process would help in both preventive therapies and evaluation of malignancy risks. This study uncovers alterations in gene expressions as potential biomarkers that are revealed by integration of several network-based approaches. In silico analysis performed on a unified microarray cohort, which is covering 150 normal colon and adenomatous polyp samples. Significant gene modules were obtained by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene modules with similar profiles were mapped to a colon tissue specific functional interaction network. Several clustering algorithms run on the colon-specific network and the most significant sub-modules between the clusters were identified. The biomarkers were selected by filtering differentially expressed genes which also involve in significant biological processes and pathways. Biomarkers were also validated on two independent datasets based on their differential gene expressions. To the best of our knowledge, such a cascaded network analysis pipeline was implemented for the first time on a large collection of normal colon and polyp samples. We identified significant increases in TLR4 and MSX1 expressions as well as decrease in chemokine profiles with mostly pro-tumoral activities. These biomarkers might appear as both preventive targets and biomarkers for risk evaluation. As a result, this research proposes novel molecular markers that might be alternative to endoscopic approaches for diagnosis of adenomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Isik
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asım Leblebici
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Demir Karaman
- Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Karaca
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altug Koc
- Gentan Genetic Medical Genetics Diagnosis Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Berat Ellidokuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Feng H, Zhu D, Zheng J, Lyu Z, Hu W, Jiang M, Pan Z, Hou T, Li Y. Identification of Candidate Antigens and Immune Subtypes in Colon Cancer for mRNA Vaccine Development. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huolun Feng
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Guangdong clinical laboratory center Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Zejian Lyu
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Weixian Hu
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Meiyu Jiang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Zihao Pan
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Tieying Hou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Guangdong clinical laboratory center Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
- Medical Department Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
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The lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1/HMGB1/FBXW7 Axis Mediates the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer by Regulating BGN Protein Ubiquitination. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5055684. [PMID: 35273678 PMCID: PMC8902634 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5055684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is one of the main causes of a poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). lncRNAs have been confirmed to play a very crucial role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of many human cancers, including gastric cancer. However, the mechanism of lncRNA in PM of GC is rarely studied. We explored the mechanism of PM of GC through lncRNA gene sequencing and protein profiling analysis to detect PM-associated lncRNAs and proteins. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to identify the mRNA expression of SEMA3B-AS1 and BGN in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The biological function of SEMA3B-AS1 in the PM of GC was identified through gain- and loss-of-function assays. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays was carried out to demonstrate the potential mechanism between SEMA3B-AS1 and its downstream genes, including HMGB1, FBXW7, and BGN. Finally, the biological function of SEMA3B-AS1 was demonstrated in animal experiments. The mRNA expression level of SEMA3B-AS1 was downregulated in GC and PM tissues compared to normal stomach tissues; however, BGN was highly expressed at the mRNA level. SEMA3B-AS1 was closely related to PM and the overall survival (OS) of GC patients. Functionally, the overexpression of SEMA3B-AS1 was related to GC progression, PM, and prognosis. Mechanistically, SEMA3B-AS1 could combine with HMGB1 to regulate the transcription of FBXW7, thus facilitating the ubiquitination of BGN. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the SEMA3B-AS1/HMGB1/FBXW7 axis plays an inhibitory role in the PM of GC by regulating BGN protein ubiquitination. It also provides a new biological marker for the diagnosis and treatment of the PM of GC.
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Biglycan Promotes Cancer Stem Cell Properties, NFκB Signaling and Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020455. [PMID: 35053617 PMCID: PMC8773822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small sub-population of cells within tumors with high metastatic potential. We identified biglycan (BGN) as a prospective molecular target in BCSCs that regulates the aggressive phenotypes of these cells. These findings establish a foundation for the development of therapeutics against BGN to eliminate BCSCs and prevent metastatic breast cancer. Abstract It is a major challenge to treat metastasis due to the presence of heterogenous BCSCs. Therefore, it is important to identify new molecular targets and their underlying molecular mechanisms in various BCSCs to improve treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on two distinct co-existing BCSC populations, ALDH+ and CD29hi CD61+ from PyMT mammary tumor cells and detected upregulation of biglycan (BGN) in these BCSCs. Genetic depletion of BGN reduced BCSC proportions and tumorsphere formation. Furthermore, BCSC associated aggressive traits such as migration and invasion were significantly reduced by depletion of BGN. Glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolic assays also revealed that BCSCs exhibited decreased metabolism upon loss of BGN. BCSCs showed decreased activation of the NFκB transcription factor, p65, and phospho-IκB levels upon BGN ablation, indicating regulation of NFκB pathway by BGN. To further support our data, we also characterized CD24−/CD44+ BCSCs from human luminal MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These CD24−/CD44+ BCSCs similarly exhibited reduced tumorigenic phenotypes, metabolism and attenuation of NFκB pathway after knockdown of BGN. Finally, loss of BGN in ALDH+ and CD29hi CD61+ BCSCs showed decreased metastatic potential, suggesting BGN serves as an important therapeutic target in BCSCs for treating metastasis of breast cancer.
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Interferon Inhibition Enhances the Pilot-Scale Production of Rabies Virus in Human Diploid MRC-5 Cells. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010049. [PMID: 35062253 PMCID: PMC8779192 DOI: 10.3390/v14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines based on cell culture are very useful in the prevention and control of many diseases. The most popular strategy for the production of inactivated vaccines is based on monkey-derived Vero cells, which results in high productivity of the virus but has a certain carcinogenic risk due to non-human DNA contamination. Since human diploid cells, such as MRC-5 cells, can produce a safer vaccine, efforts to develop a strategy for inactivated vaccine production using these cells have been investigated using MRC-5 cells. However, most viruses do not replicate efficiently in MRC-5 cells. In this study, we found that rabies virus (RABV) infection activated a robust interferon (IFN)-β response in MRC-5 cells but almost none in Vero cells, suggesting that the IFN response could be a key limiting factor for virus production. Treatment of the MRC-5 cells with IFN inhibitors increased RABV titers by 10-fold. Additionally, the RABV titer yield was improved five-fold when using IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1) antibodies. As such, we established a stable IFNAR1-deficient MRC-5 cell line (MRC-5IFNAR1−), which increased RABV production by 6.5-fold compared to normal MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, in a pilot-scale production in 1500 square centimeter spinner flasks, utilization of the MRC-5IFNAR1− cell line or the addition of IFN inhibitors to MRC cells increased RABV production by 10-fold or four-fold, respectively. Thus, we successfully established a human diploid cell-based pilot scale virus production platform via inhibition of IFN response for rabies vaccines, which could also be used for other inactivated virus vaccine production.
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21
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Chen Q, Fang J, Shen H, Chen L, Shi M, Huang X, Miao Z, Gong Y. Roles, molecular mechanisms, and signaling pathways of TMEMs in neurological diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13273-13297. [PMID: 35035675 PMCID: PMC8748174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein family members (TMEMs) span the entire lipid bilayer and act as channels that allow the transport of specific substances through biofilms. The functions of most TMEMs are unexplored. Numerous studies have shown that TMEMs are involved in the pathophysiological processes of various nervous system diseases, but the specific mechanisms of TMEMs in the pathogenesis of diseases remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the expression, physiological functions, and molecular mechanisms of TMEMs in brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, abnormal motor activity, cobblestone lissencephaly, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, and other disorders of the nervous system. Additionally, we propose that TMEMs may be used as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junlin Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Banan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing 401320, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengying Shi
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Gong
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Thanindratarn P, Wei R, Dean DC, Singh A, Federman N, Nelson SD, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK): an emerging prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3721-3737. [PMID: 34115928 PMCID: PMC8637563 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphokine-activated killer (T-LAK) cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is an emerging target with critical roles in various cancers; however, its expression and function in osteosarcoma remain unexplored. We evaluated TOPK expression using RNA sequencing and gene expression data from public databases (TARGET-OS, CCLE, GTEx, and GENT2) and immunohistochemistry in an osteosarcoma tissue microarray (TMA). TOPK gene expression was significantly higher in osteosarcoma than normal tissues and directly correlated with shorter overall survival. TOPK was overexpressed in 83.3% of the osteosarcoma specimens within our TMA and all osteosarcoma cell lines, whereas normal osteoblast cells had no aberrant expression. High expression of TOPK associated with metastasis, disease status, and shorter overall survival. Silencing of TOPK with small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased cell viability, and inhibition with the selective inhibitor OTS514 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, colony-forming ability, and spheroid growth. Enhanced chemotherapeutic sensitivity and a synergistic effect were also observed with the combination of OTS514 and either doxorubicin or cisplatin in osteosarcoma cell lines. Taken together, our study demonstrated that TOPK is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryChulabhorn HospitalHRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical ScienceChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkokThailand
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterBeijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal TumorPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dylan C. Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Arun Singh
- Sarcoma ServiceDivision of Hematology‐OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of PediatricsMattel Children’s HospitalDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- UCLA’s Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySarcoma Biology LaboratoryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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The Cancer-Associated Antigens Sialyl Lewis a/x and Sd a: Two Opposite Faces of Terminal Glycosylation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215273. [PMID: 34771437 PMCID: PMC8582462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycosyltransferase β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferae 2 (B4GALNT2), product of the B4GALNT2 gene is responsible for the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate antigen Sda. Both the enzyme and its cognate antigen display a restricted pattern of tissue expression and modulation in colorectal, gastric, and mammary cancers. In colorectal cancer, B4GALNT2 is generally downregulated, but patients displaying higher expression survive longer. The sialyl Lewisa and sialyl Lewisx antigens are associated with malignancy. Their biosynthesis and that of Sda are mutually exclusive. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 in colorectal cancer cell lines modulates the transcriptome towards lower malignancy, reducing stemness. These effects are independent of B4GALNT2-induced sLea/sLex inhibition. Thus, B4GALNT2 is a marker of better prognosis and a cancer-restraining enzyme in colorectal cancer, with a therapeutic potential. Abstract Terminal carbohydrate structures are particularly relevant in oncology because they can serve as cancer markers and alter the phenotype of cancer cells. The Sda antigen and the sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa (sLex and sLea) antigens are terminal structures whose biosynthesis is mutually exclusive. In this review, we describe the main features of the Sda antigen in cancer and its relationship with sLex/a antigens. Information was obtained from an extensive literature search and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database. The Sda biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 undergoes downregulation in colorectal (CRC) and stomach cancer, while it is ectopically expressed by a minority of breast cancer (BRCA) patients. High expression of B4GALNT2 is associated with better prognosis and a less malignant gene expression profile in CRC, while the opposite occurs in BRCA. The regulation of B4GALNT2 expression in CRC is multifactorial, involving gene methylation and miRNA expression. Forced expression of B4GALNT2 inhibited sLea/sLex and reduced malignancy and stemness in cells constitutively expressing sLex/a antigens. However, consistent effects were observed upon B4GALNT2 forced expression and in cells not expressing sLex/a antigens. Thus, B4GALNT2 and the Sda antigen exert a tumor-restraining activity in CRC and probably other gastrointestinal cancers, independently of sLex/a antigens.
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Chen Y, Hou W, Zhong M, Wu B. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Colon Cancer Tissue Revealed the Reason for the Worse Prognosis of Right-Sided Colon Cancer and Mucinous Colon Cancer at the Protein Level. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3554-3572. [PMID: 34590603 PMCID: PMC8482240 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of right-sided and mucinous colon cancer at the proteomic level. A tandem mass tag-proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colon carcinoma tissues from different locations and with different histological types to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these differences at the protein level. In additional, the DEPs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The proteomics profiles among colon cancers with different tumor locations and histological types were dramatically distinguished. In terms of tumor locations, the right-sided carcinoma specific DEPs may promote the tumor progression via activating inflammation, metastasis associated pathways. When referring to histological types, the mucinous colon cancers perhaps increased the invasion and metastasis through distinct mechanisms in different tumor locations. For mucinous cancer located in right-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs were mainly associated with ECM-related remodeling and the IL-17 signal pathway. For mucinous cancer located in left-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs showed a strong relationship with ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis. The proteomics profiles of colon cancers showed distinct differences related to locations and histological types. These results suggested a distinct mechanism underlying the diverse subtypes of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Wenyun Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miner Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-69156470
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Visser EA, Moons SJ, Timmermans SBPE, de Jong H, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid O-acetylation: From biosynthesis to roles in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100906. [PMID: 34157283 PMCID: PMC8319020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are nine-carbon sugars that frequently cap glycans at the cell surface in cells of vertebrates as well as cells of certain types of invertebrates and bacteria. The nine-carbon backbone of sialic acids can undergo extensive enzymatic modification in nature and O-acetylation at the C-4/7/8/9 position in particular is widely observed. In recent years, the detection and analysis of O-acetylated sialic acids have advanced, and sialic acid-specific O-acetyltransferases (SOATs) and O-acetylesterases (SIAEs) that add and remove O-acetyl groups, respectively, have been identified and characterized in mammalian cells, invertebrates, bacteria, and viruses. These advances now allow us to draw a more complete picture of the biosynthetic pathway of the diverse O-acetylated sialic acids to drive the generation of genetically and biochemically engineered model cell lines and organisms with altered expression of O-acetylated sialic acids for dissection of their roles in glycoprotein stability, development, and immune recognition, as well as discovery of novel functions. Furthermore, a growing number of studies associate sialic acid O-acetylation with cancer, autoimmunity, and infection, providing rationale for the development of selective probes and inhibitors of SOATs and SIAEs. Here, we discuss the current insights into the biosynthesis and biological functions of O-acetylated sialic acids and review the evidence linking this modification to disease. Furthermore, we discuss emerging strategies for the design, synthesis, and potential application of unnatural O-acetylated sialic acids and inhibitors of SOATs and SIAEs that may enable therapeutic targeting of this versatile sialic acid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A Visser
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sam J Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne B P E Timmermans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen de Jong
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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The Role of Glycosyltransferases in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115822. [PMID: 34070747 PMCID: PMC8198577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer death in the world. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been extensively studied in malignancies due to its relevance in tumor pathogenesis and therapy. This review is focused on the dysregulation of glycosyltransferase expression in CRC and its impact in cell function and in several biological pathways associated with CRC pathogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Glycan structures act as interface molecules between cells and their environment and in several cases facilitate molecule function. CRC tissue shows alterations in glycan structures decorating molecules, such as annexin-1, mucins, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), β1 integrin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors, Fas (CD95), PD-L1, decorin, sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (SORBS1), CD147 and glycosphingolipids. All of these are described as key molecules in oncogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, glycosylation in CRC can affect cell migration, cell–cell adhesion, actin polymerization, mitosis, cell membrane repair, apoptosis, cell differentiation, stemness regulation, intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, immune system regulation, T cell polarization and gut microbiota composition; all such functions are associated with the prognosis and evolution of the disease. According to these findings, multiple strategies have been evaluated to alter oligosaccharide processing and to modify glycoconjugate structures in order to control CRC progression and prevent metastasis. Additionally, immunotherapy approaches have contemplated the use of neo-antigens, generated by altered glycosylation, as targets for tumor-specific T cells or engineered CAR (Chimeric antigen receptors) T cells.
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Yang Y, Wang R, Feng L, Ma H, Fang J. LINC00460 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via miR-320a/BGN Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2279-2291. [PMID: 33833526 PMCID: PMC8019668 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer onset and development, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate the biological role of LINC00460 and the mechanisms underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HNSCC. Methods Aberrantly LINC00460 expression in HNSCC and overall survival outcomes were constructed using the TCGA database. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to examine the LINC00460 expression level in HNSCC cell lines. The role of LINC00460 knockdown on HNSCC cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT was investigated in vitro using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell assay, and Western blot assay. Besides, bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to reveal the interaction among LINC00460 and its target genes. The function of the LINC00460/miR-320a/BGN axis in HNSCC cells was clarified by rescue assays. Furthermore, the in vivo effects of LINC00460 on tumor growth were investigated using mice xenograft models. Results In this study, LINC00460 was upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells and was associated with poor clinical prognosis. Further functional analysis showed that LINC00460 knockdown decreased HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as EMT in vitro. Mechanistic investigation indicated that LINC00460 sponged miR-320a to upregulate Biglycan (BGN) expression, thereby facilitating HNSCC progression and induced EMT. Moreover, knockdown of LINC00460 significantly suppressed the progression of HNSCC cells in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, LINC00460 mediates miR-320a/BGN signaling axis to promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induce the EMT process in HNSCC cells. Our findings elucidated a novel mechanism underlying the progression of HNSCC. LINC00460 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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Chen D, Qin Y, Dai M, Li L, Liu H, Zhou Y, Qiu C, Chen Y, Jiang Y. BGN and COL11A1 Regulatory Network Analysis in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Reveals That BGN Influences CRC Cell Biological Functions and Interacts with miR-6828-5p. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13051-13069. [PMID: 33376399 PMCID: PMC7764722 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s277261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We explored specific expression profiles of BGN and COL11A1 genes and studied their biological functions in CRC using bioinformatics tools. Patients and Methods A total of 68 pairs of cancer and non-cancerous tissues from CRC patients were enrolled in this study. Methods we used in this articles including: qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, GO and KEGG regulatory network analysis, tumor infiltration, luciferase reporter-based protein and etc. Results According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, BGN and COL11A1 expression levels were significantly higher in CRC patient samples than in samples from healthy controls. Moreover, levels were much higher in late-stage CRC than in early-stage disease, warranting evaluation of these genes as CRC prognostic biomarkers. Subsequently, qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA results obtained from analyses of CRC cells, tissues, and patient sera aligned with TCGA results. GO and KEGG regulatory network analysis revealed BGN- and COL11A1-associated genes that were functionally related to extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor pathway activation, with transcription factor genes RELA and NFKB1 positively associated with BGN expression and CEBPZ and SIRT1 with COL11A1 expression. Meanwhile, BGN and COL11A1 expression were separately and significantly correlated to tumor infiltration by six immune cell types. Additionally, kinase genes PLK1 and LYN appeared to be downstream targets of differentially expressed BGN and COL11A1, respectively. In addition, the expression of PLK1 mRNA was down-regulated while BGN was down-regulated. Finally, BGN effects on CRC cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were studied using molecular biological methods, including luciferase reporter-based protein analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blot results, which revealed that miR-6828-5p may regulate BGN expression. Conclusion We speculate that the use of BGN and COL11A1 as CRC biomarkers would improve CRC staging, while also providing several novel targets for use in the development of more effective CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Zhou
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Anti-Tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Anti-Tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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