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Olsson Mägi CA, Wik Despriee Å, Småstuen MC, Almqvist C, Bahram F, Bakkeheim E, Bjerg A, Glavin K, Granum B, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Rehbinder EM, Rolfsjord LB, Staff AC, Skjerven HO, Vettukattil R, Nordlund B, Söderhäll C. Maternal Stress, Early Life Factors and Infant Salivary Cortisol Levels. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050623. [PMID: 35626800 PMCID: PMC9139396 DOI: 10.3390/children9050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Salivary cortisol (SC), a commonly used biomarker for stress, may be disrupted by negative events in pregnancy, at birth and in infancy. We aimed to explore if maternal perceived stress (PSS) in or after pregnancy and SC levels in pregnancy were associated with SC in early infancy, and, secondly, to identify early life factors associated with infants’ SC levels (iSC). Methods: At 3 months of age, SC was analyzed in 1057 infants participating in a Nordic prospective mother-child birth cohort study. Maternal PSS was available from questionnaires at 18- and 34-week gestational age (GA) and 3-month post-partum, and SC was analyzed at 18-week GA. Early life factors included sociodemographic and infant feeding from questionnaires, and birth data from medical charts. Associations to iSC were analyzed by Spearman correlation and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: In this exploratory study neither PSS at any time point nor maternal SC (mSC) were associated with iSC. Higher birth weight was associated with higher levels of iSC, while inverse associations were observed in infants to a mother not living with a partner and mixed bottle/breastfeeding. Conclusions: Maternal stress was not associated with iSC levels, while birth weight, single motherhood and infant feeding may influence iSC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline-Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Åshild Wik Despriee
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.C.S.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Catarina Almqvist
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fuad Bahram
- Research Centre, Stockholm South General Hospital, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Egil Bakkeheim
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Anders Bjerg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Martina Children’s Hospital, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kari Glavin
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.C.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1430 Ås, Norway;
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, NO-1714 Kalnes, Norway
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Leif-Bjarte Rolfsjord
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Elverum, Innlandet Hospital Trust, NO-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
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