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Rehbinder EM, Wärnberg Gerdin S, Hoyer A, Bradley M, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Granum B, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Leblanc M, Nordlund B, Rudi K, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Vettukattil R, Söderhäll C. Frequent oil-baths and skin barrier during infancy in the PreventADALL study. Br J Dermatol 2024:ljae091. [PMID: 38446755 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the general population randomized controlled PreventADALL trial, frequent emollient bath additives from 2 weeks of age did not prevent atopic dermatitis, while the effect on skin barrier function throughout infancy is not established. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this exploratory substudy was to assess the effect of mineral based oil-baths on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and dry skin through infancy, and secondarily to explore if filaggrin (FLG) mutations modified the effect. METHODS Overall 2153 infants randomized to Skin intervention (SI)(n=995) (oil-bath 4 times/week from 2 weeks through 8 months) or No skin intervention (NSI)(n=1158) with TEWL measurements at 3, 6 and/or 12 months of age were included, of whom 1683 infants also had available FLG mutation status. Effects of the skin intervention on TEWL and dry skin through infancy were assessed by mixed effects regression modelling. Background characteristics and protocol adherence were collected from electronic questionnaires, birth records and weekly diaries. RESULTS The TEWL (95% CI) was in average 0.42 g/m2/h (0.13-0.70, p= 0.004) higher in the SI compared to NSI group through the first year of life, with significantly higher levels at 3 months, (8.6 (8.3-9.0) versus 7.6 (7.3-7.9)), but similar at 6 and 12 months. Dry skin was significantly more often observed in the NSI group compared to the SI group at 3 months (59% versus 51%) and at 6 months of age (63% versus 53%), while at 12 months of age, the difference was no longer significant. At 3 months, the TEWL of FLG mutation carriers was similar to the TEWL in SI group. No interaction between skin intervention and FLG mutation was found in the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS Infants with frequent oil-baths from 2 weeks of age had reduced skin barrier function through infancy compared to controls, largely attributed to higher TEWL at 3 months of age, while the skin at 3 and 6 months appeared less dry in infants subjected to the skin intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabina Wärnberg Gerdin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Hoyer
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bradley
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marissa Leblanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Färdig M, Hoyer A, Almqvist C, Bains KES, Carlsen KCL, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Granum B, Haugen GN, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Konradsen JR, Lie A, Rehbinder EM, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Vettukattil R, Söderhäll C, Nordlund B. Infant lung function and early skin barrier impairment in the development of asthma at age 3 years. Allergy 2024; 79:667-678. [PMID: 38239099 DOI: 10.1111/all.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Largely unexplored, we investigated if lower lung function, impaired skin barrier function by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), eczema, and filaggrin (FLG) mutations in infancy were associated with asthma in early childhood. METHODS From the factorially designed randomized controlled intervention study PreventADALL, we evaluated 1337/2394 children from all randomization groups with information on asthma at age 3 years, and at age 3 months either lung function, TEWL, eczema, and/or FLG mutations. Lower lung function was defined as the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF /tE ) <0.25, and skin barrier impairment as a high TEWL >9.50 g/m2 /h. Eczema was clinically observed, and DNA genotyped for FLG mutations. Asthma was defined as asthma-like symptoms (≥3 episodes of bronchial obstruction) between age 2-3 years as well as a history of doctor-diagnosed asthma and/or asthma medication use. Associations were analyzed in logistic regression models, presented with adjusted ORs (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Lower lung function and skin barrier impairment were associated with asthma in general; aOR (95% CI) 5.4 (2.1, 13.7) and 1.6 (1.1, 2.5), while eczema and FLG mutations were associated with asthma in children with atopic dermatitis or allergic sensitization only. Stratifying for sex, the risk of asthma was only increased in boys with lower lung function; aOR (95% CI) 7.7 (2.5, 23.6), and in girls with FLG mutations; aOR (95% CI) 3.5 (1.5, 8.2). CONCLUSION Lower lung function and impaired skin barrier function in infancy may increase the risk of asthma at age 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Färdig
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Hoyer
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Eline S Bains
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Nils Haugen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Jon R Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anine Lie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard O Skjerven
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hoel ST, Wiik J, Carlsen KC, Endre KM, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Haugen G, Hoyer A, Jonassen CM, LeBlanc M, Nordlund B, Rudi K, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Hedlin G, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Aaneland H, Rehbinder EM. Birth mode is associated with development of atopic dermatitis in infancy and early childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023; 2:100104. [PMID: 37779526 PMCID: PMC10509990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Birth by caesarean section (CS) is associated with development of allergic diseases, but its role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) is less convincing. Objective Our primary aim was to determine if birth mode was associated with AD in 3-year-olds and secondarily to determine if birth mode was associated with early onset and/or persistent AD in the first 3 years of life. Methods We included 2129 mother-child pairs from the Scandinavian population-based prospective PreventADALL cohort with information on birth mode including vaginal birth, either traditional (81.3%) or in water (4.0%), and CS before (6.3%) and after (8.5%) onset of labor. We defined early onset AD as eczema at 3 months and AD diagnosis by 3 years of age. Persistent AD was defined as eczema both in the first year and at 3 years of age, together with an AD diagnosis by 3 years of age. Results AD was diagnosed at 3, 6, 12, 24, and/or 36 months in 531 children (25%). Compared to vaginal delivery, CS was overall associated with increased odds of AD by 3 years of age, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.33 (1.02-1.74), and higher odds of early onset AD (1.63, 1.06-2.48). The highest odds for early onset AD were observed in infants born by CS after onset of labor (1.83, 1.09-3.07). Birth mode was not associated with persistent AD. Conclusion CS was associated with increased odds of AD by 3 years of age, particularly in infants presenting with eczema at 3 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinung T. Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Wiik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin C.L. Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim M.A. Endre
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Hoyer
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Aaneland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva M. Rehbinder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Saunders CM, Rehbinder EM, Carlsen KCL, Jonassen CM, LeBlanc M, Nordlund B, Skjerven HO, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Carlsen MH. Feeding Practices and Dietary Diversity in the First Year of Life: PreventADALL, a Scandinavian Randomized Controlled Trial and Birth Cohort Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:2463-2471. [PMID: 37336319 PMCID: PMC10447610 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastmik is considered the optimal source of nutrition in early infancy. However, recommendations and practices for when and how complementary food should be introduced in the first year of life vary worldwide. Early introduction of allergenic foods may prevent food allergies, but if early food introduction influences infant feeding practices is less known. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess infant feeding practices in the first year of life and to determine if early interventional food introduction influences breastfeeding and dietary diversity. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed in infants from the population-based clinical trial Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies (PreventADALL) in children study. A total of 2397 infants were cluster-randomized at birth into 4 different groups: 1) control, 2) skin intervention, 3) introduction to 4 allergenic foods between 3 and 4 mo of age: peanut, cow milk, wheat, and egg, as small tastings until 6 mo, and 4) combined skin and food interventions. Dietary data were available from at least one of the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-mo questionnaires in 2059 infants. In the present analysis, groups 1 and 2 constitute the No Food Intervention group, whereas groups 3 and 4 constitute the Food Intervention group. We used the log-rank test and Cox regression to assess the impact of food intervention on age of breastfeeding cessation. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to compare dietary diversity, defined as the number of food categories consumed, between intervention groups. RESULTS At 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo, 95%, 88%, 67%, and 51% were breastfed, respectively, and breastfeeding duration was not affected by the food intervention. In the No Food Intervention group, mean age of complementary food introduction was 18.3 wk (confidence interval [CI]: 18.1, 18.5). In the Food Intervention group, the dietary diversity score was 1.39 units (CI: 1.16, 1.62) higher at 9 mo (P < 0.001) and 0.7 units (CI: 0.5, 0.9) higher at 12 mo (P < 0.001) compared to the No Food Intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Early food intervention did not affect breastfeeding rates and increased dietary diversity at 9 and 12 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Madelen Saunders
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of LifeSciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hauger Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Nilsen M, Rehbinder EM, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Killingstad ME, Nordlund B, Ormaasen I, Skjerven HO, Snipen L, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Sørensen R, Vettukattil R, Wilborn LM, Rudi K. A Globally Distributed Bacteroides caccae Strain Is the Most Prevalent Mother-Child Shared Bacteroidaceae Strain in a Large Scandinavian Cohort. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0078923. [PMID: 37338379 PMCID: PMC10370313 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, members of the family Bacteroidaceae, are among the first microbes to colonize the human infant gut. While it is known that these microbes can be transmitted from mother to child, our understanding of the specific strains that are shared and potentially transmitted is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the shared strains of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola in mothers and their infants. We analyzed fecal samples from pregnant woman recruited at 18 weeks of gestation from the PreventADALL study, as well as offspring samples from early infancy, including skin swab samples taken within 10 min after birth, the first available fecal sample (meconium), and fecal samples at 3 months of age. We screened 464 meconium samples for Bacteroidaceae, with subsequent selection of 144 mother-child pairs for longitudinal analysis, based on the presence of Bacteroidaceae, longitudinal sample availability, and delivery mode. Our results showed that Bacteroidaceae members were mainly detected in samples from vaginally delivered infants. We identified high prevalences of Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phocaeicola dorei, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in mothers and vaginally born infants. However, at the strain level, we observed high prevalences of only two strains: a B. caccae strain and a P. vulgatus strain. Notably, the B. caccae strain was identified as a novel component of mother-child shared strains, and its high prevalence was also observed in publicly available metagenomes worldwide. Our findings suggest that mode of delivery may play a role in shaping the early colonization of the infant gut microbiota, in particular the colonization of Bacteroidaceae members. IMPORTANCE Our study provides evidence that Bacteroidaceae strains present on infants' skin within 10 min after birth, in meconium samples, and in fecal samples at 3 months of age in vaginally delivered infants are shared with their mothers. Using strain resolution analyses, we identified two strains, belonging to Bacteroides caccae and Phocaeicola vulgatus, as shared between mothers and their infants. Interestingly, the B. caccae strain showed a high prevalence worldwide, while the P. vulgatus strain was less common. Our findings also showed that vaginal delivery was associated with early colonization of Bacteroidaceae members, whereas cesarean section delivery was associated with delayed colonization. Given the potential for these microbes to influence the colonic environment, our results suggest that understanding the bacterial-host relationship at the strain level may have implications for infant health and development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Ormaasen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Regina Sørensen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Marie Wilborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Debes S, Haug JB, De Blasio BF, Lindstrøm JC, Jonassen CM, Dudman SG. Antibiotic Consumption in a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults with Viral Respiratory Tract Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:788. [PMID: 37107150 PMCID: PMC10135008 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance, a threat to global health, is driven by inappropriate antibiotic usage. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are frequently treated empirically with antibiotics, despite the fact that a majority of the infections are caused by viruses. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic treatment in hospitalized adults with viral RTIs, and to investigate factors influencing the antibiotic decision-making. We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients ≥ 18 years, hospitalized in 2015-2018 with viral RTIs. Microbiological data were taken from the laboratory information system and information on antibiotic treatment drawn from the hospital records. To investigate decisions for prescribing antibiotic treatment, we evaluated relevant factors such as laboratory and radiological results, in addition to clinical signs. In 951 cases without secondary bacterial RTIs (median age 73 years, 53% female), 720 (76%) were prescribed antibiotic treatment, most frequently beta-lactamase-sensitive penicillins, but cephalosporins were prescribed as first-line in 16% of the cases. The median length of treatment (LOT) in the patients treated with antibiotics was seven days. Patients treated with antibiotics had an average of two days longer hospital stay compared to patients with no such treatment, but no difference in mortality was found. Our study revealed that there is still a role for antimicrobial stewardship to further improve antibiotic use in patients admitted for viral RTIs in a country with relatively low antibiotic consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debes
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes, 1714 Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Birger Haug
- Department of Infection Control, Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes, 1714 Grålum, Norway
| | - Birgitte Freiesleben De Blasio
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Christoffer Lindstrøm
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Keep S, Dowgier G, Lulla V, Britton P, Oade M, Freimanis G, Tennakoon C, Jonassen CM, Tengs T, Bickerton E. Deletion of the s2m RNA Structure in the Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Human Astrovirus Results in Sequence Insertions. J Virol 2023; 97:e0003823. [PMID: 36779761 PMCID: PMC10062133 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00038-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of host species, resulting in a range of diseases in both humans and animals. The coronavirus genome consists of a large positive-sense single-stranded molecule of RNA containing many RNA structures. One structure, denoted s2m and consisting of 41 nucleotides, is located within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) and is shared between some coronavirus species, including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, as well as other pathogens, including human astrovirus. Using a reverse genetic system to generate recombinant viruses, we investigated the requirement of the s2m structure in the replication of IBV, a globally distributed economically important Gammacoronavirus that infects poultry causing respiratory disease. Deletion of three nucleotides predicted to destabilize the canonical structure of the s2m or the deletion of the nucleotides corresponding to s2m impacted viral replication in vitro. In vitro passaging of the recombinant IBV with the s2m sequence deleted resulted in a 36-nucleotide insertion in place of the deletion, which was identified to be composed of a duplication of flanking sequences. A similar result was observed following serial passage of human astrovirus with a deleted s2m sequence. RNA modeling indicated that deletion of the nucleotides corresponding to the s2m impacted other RNA structures present in the IBV 3' UTR. Our results indicated for both IBV and human astrovirus a preference for nucleotide occupation in the genome location corresponding to the s2m, which is independent of the specific s2m sequence. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses infect many species, including humans and animals, with substantial effects on livestock, particularly with respect to poultry. The coronavirus RNA genome consists of structural elements involved in viral replication whose roles are poorly understood. We investigated the requirement of the RNA structural element s2m in the replication of the Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus, an economically important viral pathogen of poultry. Using reverse genetics to generate recombinant IBVs with either a disrupted or deleted s2m, we showed that the s2m is not required for viral replication in cell culture; however, replication is decreased in tracheal tissue, suggesting a role for the s2m in the natural host. Passaging of these viruses as well as human astrovirus lacking the s2m sequence demonstrated a preference for nucleotide occupation, independent of the s2m sequence. RNA modeling suggested deletion of the s2m may negatively impact other essential RNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keep
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valeria Lulla
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Oade
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Nygård M, Engesæter B, Castle PE, Berland JM, Eide ML, Iversen OE, Jonassen CM, Christiansen IK, Vintermyr OK, Tropé A. Randomized Implementation of a Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing-based Cervical Cancer Screening Protocol for Women 34 to 69 Years in Norway. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1812-1822. [PMID: 35793700 PMCID: PMC9437559 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer screening programs are facing a programmatic shift where screening protocol based on human papillomavirus testing (HPV-Screening protocol) is replacing the liquid-based cytology (LBC-Screening protocol). For safe technology transfer within the nationwide screening programme in Norway, HPV-Screening protocol was implemented randomized to compare the real-world effectiveness of HPV-Screening protocol and LBC-Screening protocol at the first screening round. METHODS Among 302,295 women ages 34 to 69 years scheduled to attend screening from February 2015 to June 2017, 157,447 attended. A total of 77,207 were randomly allocated to the HPV-Screening protocol and 80,240 were allocated to the LBC-Screening protocol. All women were followed up for 18 months. RESULTS The HPV-Screening protocol resulted in a relative increase of 60% in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse [risk ratio (RR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-1.7], 40% in CIN grade 3 or worse (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.3-1.6), 40% in cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.1), and 60% in colposcopy referrals (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5-1.6) compared with LBC-Screening. The performance of both protocols was age dependent, being more effective in women ages under 50 years. CONCLUSIONS The HPV-Screening protocol was well accepted by women in Norway and detected more CIN2, CIN3, and cancers compared with the LBC-Screening protocol. IMPACT A randomized implementation of the HPV-Screening protocol with real-world assessment enabled a gradual, quality assured, and safe technology transition. HPV-based screening protocol may further be improved by using HPV genotyping and age-specific referral algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nygård
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Corresponding Author: Mari Nygård, Research Department, The Cancer Registry of Norway, Postbox 5313 Majorstuen, Oslo 0304, Norway. Phone: 47-9518-1886; E-mail:
| | | | - Philip E. Castle
- Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Maj Liv Eide
- Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Erik Iversen
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Olav Karsten Vintermyr
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,The Gades Laboratory for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Sundet BK, Kreyberg I, Staff AC, Carlsen KCL, Bains KES, Berg JP, Granum B, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Nordhagen LS, Nordlund B, Rehbinder EM, Rudi K, Rueegg CS, Sjøborg KD, Skjerven HO, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Sugulle M. The effect of nicotine-containing products and fetal sex on placenta-associated circulating midpregnancy biomarkers. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 35841068 PMCID: PMC9284818 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In utero exposure to nicotine, largely assessed by smoking, is a risk factor for impaired offspring health, while potential effects of non-combustible nicotine use such as snus (oral moist tobacco), are less well-known. Maternal serum concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) may be viewed as “placenta health markers”, known to differ by fetal sex. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with lower levels of circulating sFlt-1, while the effect of snus on placenta-associated angiogenic factors is unknown. Our aim was to explore if snus and/or smoking exposure was associated with midpregnancy maternal levels of sFlt-1, PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio if these associations were modified by fetal sex. Methods Midpregnancy (16–22 gestational weeks) serum from 2603 Scandinavian women enrolled in the population-based multi-center PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children) study was analysed for sFlt-1 and PlGF concentrations by electrochemiluminescence, deriving the sFlt-1/PGF ratio. Nicotine use was assessed by electronic questionnaires at enrollment in 2278 of the women. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models on log transformed outcomes were used to assess the association between nicotine use and biomarker levels. Interaction terms were included to identify whether the associations were modified by fetal sex. Results Median sFlt-1, PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratios among women with nicotine exposure information were similar to those of all included women and differed by fetal sex. Current snus use was significantly associated with reduced maternal circulating PlGF levels in adjusted analyses [β − 0.12, (95% CI − 0.20; 0.00) compared to never use, p = 0.020]. A significant interaction between fetal sex and snus exposure was observed for PIGF (p = 0.031). Prior or periconceptional snus use was significantly associated with PIGF in male fetus pregnancies [β − 0.05 (95% CI − 0.09 to (− 0.02)) and β − 0.07 (95% CI − 0.12 to (− 0.02)) compared to never use, p = 0.002]. Smoking was not significantly associated with any circulating biomarkers levels. Conclusions Midpregnancy maternal angiogenic profile differed by periconceptional snus use and fetal sex. Snus exposure, perceived as “safe” by users, before or during pregnancy seems to affect midpregnancy placental health in a sex dimorphic manner. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00443-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Kordt Sundet
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Postbox 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Kreyberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Postbox 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Eline Stensby Bains
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Postbox 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Live Solveig Nordhagen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Corina Silvia Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Postbox 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Skjerven HO, Lie A, Vettukattil R, Rehbinder EM, LeBlanc M, Asarnoj A, Carlsen KH, Despriee ÅW, Färdig M, Gerdin SW, Granum B, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Håland G, Jonassen CM, Landrø L, Mägi CAO, Olsen IC, Rudi K, Saunders CM, Skram MK, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Tedner SG, Aadalen S, Aaneland H, Nordlund B, Lødrup Carlsen KC. Early food intervention and skin emollients to prevent food allergy in young children (PreventADALL): a factorial, multicentre, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2022; 399:2398-2411. [PMID: 35753340 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary prevention of food allergy by early introduction of allergenic foods seems promising. We aimed to determine whether early food introduction or the application of regular skin emollients in infants from a general population reduced the risk of food allergy. METHODS This 2 × 2 factorial, cluster-randomised trial was done at Oslo University Hospital and Østfold Hospital Trust, Oslo, Norway, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Infants of women recruited antenatally at the routine 18-week ultrasound examination were cluster-randomised at birth to the following groups: (1) no intervention group; (2) the skin intervention group (skin emollients; bath additives and facial cream; from age 2 weeks to <9 months, both at least four times per week); (3) the food intervention group (early complementary feeding of peanut, cow's milk, wheat, and egg from age 3 months); or (4) combined intervention group (skin and food interventions). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) using computer-generated randomisation based on clusters of 92 geographical areas and eight 3-month time blocks. Study personnel performing clinical assessments were masked to group allocation. The primary outcome was allergy to any interventional food at 36 months of age. The primary efficacy analysis was done by intention-to-treat analysis, which included all participants who were randomly assigned, apart from three individuals who withdrew their consent. This was a study performed within ORAACLE (the Oslo Research Group of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood; the Lung and Environment). This study is registered as ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02449850. FINDINGS We recruited 2697 women with 2701 pregnancies, from whom 2397 newborn infants were enrolled between April 14, 2015, and April 11, 2017. Of these infants, 597 were randomly assigned to the no intervention group, 575 to the skin intervention group, 642 to the food intervention group, and 583 to the combined intervention group. One participant in each of the no intervention, food intervention, and skin intervention groups withdrew consent and were therefore not included in any analyses. Food allergy was diagnosed in 44 children; 14 (2·3%) of 596 infants in the non-intervention group, 17 (3·0%) of 574 infants in the skin intervention group, six (0·9%) of 641 infants in the food intervention group, and seven (1·2%) of 583 infants in the combined intervention group. Peanut allergy was diagnosed in 32 children, egg allergy in 12 children, and milk allergy in four children. None had allergy to wheat. Prevalence of food allergy was reduced in the food intervention group compared with the no food intervention group (risk difference -1·6% [95% CI -2·7 to -0·5]; odds ratio [OR] 0·4 [95% CI 0·2 to 0·8]), but not compared with the skin intervention group (0·4% [95% CI -0·6 to 1· 5%]; OR 1·3 [0·7 to 2·3]), with no significant interaction effect (p=1·0). Preventing food allergy in one child required early exposure to allergenic foods in 63 children. No serious adverse events were observed. INTERPRETATION Exposure to allergenic foods from 3 months of age reduced food allergy at 36 months in a general population. Our results support that early introduction of common allergenic foods is a safe and effective strategy to prevent food allergy. FUNDING Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anine Lie
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Asarnoj
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild Wik Despriee
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Färdig
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabina Wärnberg Gerdin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geir Håland
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Linn Landrø
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline-Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Carina Madelen Saunders
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Kurås Skram
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra G Tedner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigve Aadalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Hilde Aaneland
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Wärnberg Gerdin S, Lie A, Asarnoj A, Borres MP, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Färdig M, Konradsen JR, Monceyron Jonassen C, Olsson Mägi C, Rehbinder EM, Rudi K, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Tedner SG, Hage M, Vettukattil R, Nordlund B. Impaired skin barrier and allergic sensitization in early infancy. Allergy 2022; 77:1464-1476. [PMID: 34738238 DOI: 10.1111/all.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors predicting allergic sensitization in the first 6 months of life are poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether eczema, dry skin, and high transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at 3 months were associated with allergic sensitization at 6 months of age and, secondarily, to establish whether these characteristics predicted sensitization from 3 to 6 months of age. METHODS At 3 months of age, 1,994 infants from the population-based PreventADALL birth cohort in Norway and Sweden were assessed for eczema and dry skin on the cheeks and/or extensors; impaired skin barrier function, defined as TEWL in the upper quartile (>9.4 g/m2 /h), and allergen-specific IgE levels <0.1 kUA /L, available in 830. At 6 months, we assessed allergic sensitization to any food (egg, cow's milk, peanut, wheat, soy) or inhalant (birch, timothy grass, dog, and cat) allergen by a skin prick test wheal diameter ≥2 mm larger than negative control. RESULTS Any sensitization was found in 198 of the 1,994 infants (9.9%), the majority to food allergens (n = 177, 8.9%). Eczema, dry skin, and high TEWL at 3 months increased the risk of sensitization at 6 months; adjusted odds ratios 4.20 (95% CI 2.93-6.04), 2.09 (95% CI 1.51-2.90) and 3.67 (95% CI 2.58-5.22), respectively. Eczema predicted sensitization with 55.6% sensitivity and 68.1% specificity; dry skin with 65.3% sensitivity and 57.3% specificity; and high TEWL with 61.7% sensitivity and 78.1% specificity. CONCLUSION Eczema, dry skin, and high TEWL at 3 months predicted allergic sensitization at 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Wärnberg Gerdin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anine Lie
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anna Asarnoj
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus P. Borres
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Martin Färdig
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jon R. Konradsen
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Genetic Unit Centre for Laboratory Medicine Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Caroline‐Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Dermatology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sandra G. Tedner
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marianne Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna Division of Immunology and Allergy Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Debes S, Haug JB, de Blasio BF, Lindstrøm JC, Jonassen CM, Dudman SG. Clinical Outcome of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Adults in Norway: High Degree of Inflammation and Need of Emergency Care for Cases With Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:866494. [PMID: 35572955 PMCID: PMC9102159 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.866494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical features and outcomes of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in adults have not been thoroughly studied, especially the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden. It has become apparent that outbreaks of RSV in the elderly are associated with increased hospitalization rates. However, little data exists on the severity of such viral RTIs in adults, particularly the need for hospitalization, respiratory support and intensive care. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study at Østfold Hospital Trust, Norway, during three winter seasons 2015–2018. Patients ≥18 years with either influenza A, influenza B, RSV A/B, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 1–4 or adenovirus detected in respiratory specimens were included, if they were hospitalized 14 days prior or following the detection date, with signs of RTI. Hospital records on treatment and outcome were investigated, as well as mortality of all causes up to 30 days from discharge. Results Of the 1222 infection events that were included, influenza A was the most frequent virus detected (39%), while 179 infection events (14.6%) were due to RSV. Influenza B counted for 24% of the infection events, human metapneumovirus 13%, parainfluenza virus 9% and adenovirus 1%. Patients admitted with RSV more often suffered from COPD and congestive heart failure than patients with influenza A. In addition, RSV patients were overrepresented in the urgent response NEWS score (National Early Warning Score) category ≥5. RSV patients also showed signs of more severe inflammation, with WBC ≥11.1 × 109/L and CRP >100 mg/L, and they were more often treated with antibiotic agents during their hospital stay. However, we found no differences in the need for ICU admission or mortality. Conclusion Patients with RSV had more often high values for markers of inflammation and elevated NEWS score when compared to patients hospitalized with other common respiratory viruses. Taken into account that they suffered more frequently from comorbidities like COPD, these patients needed hospitalization more urgently. These findings highlight the need for further investigations on RSV disease in adults and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debes
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Østfold, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Sara Debes,
| | - Jon Birger Haug
- Department of Infection Control, Østfold Hospital Trust, Østfold, Norway
| | - Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Christoffer Lindstrøm
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Østfold, Norway
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Olsson Mägi CA, Wik Despriee Å, Småstuen MC, Almqvist C, Bahram F, Bakkeheim E, Bjerg A, Glavin K, Granum B, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Rehbinder EM, Rolfsjord LB, Staff AC, Skjerven HO, Vettukattil R, Nordlund B, Söderhäll C. Maternal Stress, Early Life Factors and Infant Salivary Cortisol Levels. Children 2022; 9:children9050623. [PMID: 35626800 PMCID: PMC9139396 DOI: 10.3390/children9050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Salivary cortisol (SC), a commonly used biomarker for stress, may be disrupted by negative events in pregnancy, at birth and in infancy. We aimed to explore if maternal perceived stress (PSS) in or after pregnancy and SC levels in pregnancy were associated with SC in early infancy, and, secondly, to identify early life factors associated with infants’ SC levels (iSC). Methods: At 3 months of age, SC was analyzed in 1057 infants participating in a Nordic prospective mother-child birth cohort study. Maternal PSS was available from questionnaires at 18- and 34-week gestational age (GA) and 3-month post-partum, and SC was analyzed at 18-week GA. Early life factors included sociodemographic and infant feeding from questionnaires, and birth data from medical charts. Associations to iSC were analyzed by Spearman correlation and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: In this exploratory study neither PSS at any time point nor maternal SC (mSC) were associated with iSC. Higher birth weight was associated with higher levels of iSC, while inverse associations were observed in infants to a mother not living with a partner and mixed bottle/breastfeeding. Conclusions: Maternal stress was not associated with iSC levels, while birth weight, single motherhood and infant feeding may influence iSC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline-Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Åshild Wik Despriee
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.C.S.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Catarina Almqvist
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fuad Bahram
- Research Centre, Stockholm South General Hospital, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Egil Bakkeheim
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Anders Bjerg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Martina Children’s Hospital, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kari Glavin
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.C.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1430 Ås, Norway;
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, NO-1714 Kalnes, Norway
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Leif-Bjarte Rolfsjord
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Elverum, Innlandet Hospital Trust, NO-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (Å.W.D.); (G.H.); (K.C.L.C.); (A.C.S.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; (E.B.); (L.-B.R.)
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.B.); (G.H.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
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14
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Hilde K, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Bains KES, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Jonassen CM, Kreyberg I, LeBlanc M, Nordhagen L, Nordlund B, Rehbinder EM, Sjøborg KD, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Sundet BK, Vettukattil R, Vaernesbranden MR, Wiik J, Haugen G. Fetal Thoracic Circumference and Lung Volume and Their Relation to Fetal Size and Pulmonary Artery Blood Flow. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41:985-993. [PMID: 34289520 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on early origins of lung disease suggests the need for studying the relationships of thoracic and lung size with fetal size and pulmonary circulation. The primary aim of this study is therefore to explore the associations between fetal thoracic circumference, lung volume, and fetal size. We also aim to assess if lung volume and thoracic circumference are associated with fetal pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures. METHODS Cross-sectional assessment of singleton pregnancies from the general population (n = 447) at 30 gestational weeks (GW) was performed using ultrasound measurement of fetal thoracic circumference, lung volume, head and abdominal circumference, and femur length. We obtained Doppler blood flow velocity measures from the proximal branches of the fetal pulmonary artery. Associations between variables were studied using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Both thoracic circumference and lung volume correlated with fetal size measures, ranging from r = 0.64 between thoracic circumference and abdominal circumference, to r = 0.28 between lung volume and femur length. Adjustment for gestational age, maternal nicotine use, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and fetal sex marginally influenced the associations with abdominal circumference. The correlations of thoracic circumference and lung volume with pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures were weak (r ≤ 0.17). CONCLUSION We found moderate to low correlation between thoracic circumference, lung volume, and fetal size at 30 GW. The closest relationship was with the abdominal circumference. We found low correlations of thoracic circumference and lung volume with pulmonary artery blood flow velocity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hilde
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Eline Stensby Bains
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ina Kreyberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Live Nordhagen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | | | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Magdalena R Vaernesbranden
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Johanna Wiik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
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15
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Lie A, Wärnberg Gerdin S, Skrindo I, Rehbinder EM, Jonassen CM, LeBlanc M, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Ådalen S, Aaneland H, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Skjerven HO, Nordlund B. Evaluation of Skin Prick Test Reading Time at 10 versus 15 min in Young Infants. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022; 183:824-834. [PMID: 35350034 PMCID: PMC9533466 DOI: 10.1159/000522526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The optimal time point for reading the mean wheal diameter (MWD) of a skin prick test (SPT) in infants is not established. We aimed to assess if either of two reading time points of the SPT, 10 or 15 min, was superior to detect allergic sensitization (AS) in 6-month-old infants. Methods In 1,431 6-month-old infants from the population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children (PreventADALL) mother-child cohort, the SPT was performed with standard solutions for egg, cow's milk, peanut, wheat, soy, birch, timothy, dog, and cat. The MWD was measured after 10 and 15 min. AS was defined as a positive SPT with MWD ≥2 mm larger than the negative control. Results Overall, 149 (10.4%) infants were sensitized to at least one allergen at 10 and/or 15 min, while 138 (9.6%) had a positive SPT at 10 min and 141 (9.9%) at 15 min. A total of 12,873 allergen pricks were performed with 212 (1.6%) being positive at any time point, 194 (1.5%) positive at 10 min, and 196 (1.5%) positive at 15 min. The mean (95% CI) histamine MWD of 3.8 (3.8, 3.9) mm at 10 min was significantly larger than the 3.6 (3.6, 3.7) mm at 15 min. Discussion/Conclusions Reading the SPT after both 10 and 15 min increased the number of 6-month-old infants with documented AS compared to reading after one time point only. As neither 10 nor 15 min reading time was superior to the other in detecting AS, our results indicate that readings at both time points should be considered. However, the histamine MWD was significantly larger at 10 min compared to 15 min. Reappraisal of SPT reading in infancy may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Lie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabina Wärnberg Gerdin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingebjørg Skrindo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Ådalen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Hilde Aaneland
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Ejegod DM, Pedersen H, Pedersen BT, Jonassen CM, Lie AK, Hulleberg LS, Arbyn M, Bonde J. Clinical Validation of the Onclarity Assay After Assay Migration to the High-Throughput COR Instrument Using SurePath Screening Samples From the Danish Cervical Cancer Screening Program. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:390-398. [PMID: 34546350 PMCID: PMC8891819 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study presents the clinical assessment of the Onclarity HPV Assay (Becton Dickinson) on the novel COR high-throughput instrument (Becton Dickinson) using the international guidelines in a routine setting. Methods Screening samples collected in BD SurePath from women aged 30 years and older were used in this validation. Noninferiority of the Onclarity HPV Assay on the COR instrument (Onclarity-COR) was assessed with the comparator assay glycoprotein 5–positive (GP5+)/6+ enzyme immunoassay (GP-EIA) for clinical sensitivity on 122 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and greater samples. Specificity was assessed using 887 samples with twice-normal cytology. Inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility analysis was assessed using 525 samples. Finally, a time-and-motion study was performed to evaluate COR instrument performance characteristics. Results The Onclarity-COR was noninferior to the GP-EIA for both sensitivity (P = .0016) and specificity (P < .0001). The intralaboratory reproducibility was 98.3% (κ = 0.96), and interlaboratory agreement was 98.5 % (κ = 0.96). The daily hands-on time for the COR instrument was 58 minutes, and walk-away time was 7 hours, 2 minutes per 8-hour day shift. Conclusions The Onclarity-COR instrument fulfills international validation criteria on sensitivity, specificity, and laboratory reproducibility. The Onclarity assay’s extended genotyping capability, together with its high-throughput characteristics, makes the COR instrument an excellent candidate for use in human papillomavirus primary cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Møller Ejegod
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital AHH-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Helle Pedersen
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital AHH-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Tønnes Pedersen
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital AHH-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jesper Bonde
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital AHH-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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17
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Debes S, Haug JB, de Blasio BF, Jonassen CM, Dudman SG. Etiology of viral respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults, and evidence of the high frequency of prehospitalization antibiotic treatment in Norway. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e403. [PMID: 34646942 PMCID: PMC8499681 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in all age groups, but the epidemiology and role of several of the viral RTIs in the adult and elderly patients are still unclear, as is the extent of prehospitalization antibacterial drug use in this population. METHODS We conducted a three-year (2015-2018) observational study of viral RTIs in hospitalized patients in a 500-bed hospital in Southeastern Norway, including all patients ≥18 years with RTI symptoms where one of the following viral agents was detected in a respiratory specimen (Seegene Allplex): Influenza A/B, RSV A/B, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus and parainfluenza virus 1-4. Viral findings, demographical data, and information on prehospital antibiotic prescriptions were recorded. RESULTS In 1182 patients 1222 viral infection events occurred. The mean patient age was 69.6 years, and 53% were females. Influenza virus A/B (63%), RSV A/B (15%) and hMPV (13%) were the most common agents detected. The proportional burden of influenza A H1 was found to be relatively high (65%) in the age groups <69 years, compared to older patients (P = .001, chi-square).As many as 20% of the patients had been treated with antibiotics prior to admission, with the lowest rate for influenza A H3 group at 17% (P = .036, chi-square), and highest for the RSV group at 28% (P = .004, chi-square).Oseltamivir was prescribed prior to hospitalization in only 3 cases (0.2%). CONCLUSIONS We found a high rate of prehospital antibiotic prescription in adults hospitalized with viral RTIs, warranting better stewardship programs to tackle the increasing antibiotic resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debes
- Østfold Hospital Trust, Center for Laboratory MedicineSarpsborgNorway
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jon Birger Haug
- Department of Infection ControlØstfold Hospital TrustSarpsborgNorway
| | - Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Division of Infection Control and Environmental HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- Department of BiostatisticsCentre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Østfold Hospital Trust, Center for Laboratory MedicineSarpsborgNorway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of MicrobiologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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18
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Nilsen M, Lokmic A, Angell IL, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Carlsen KH, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Marsland BJ, Nordlund B, Rehbinder EM, Saunders CM, Skjerven HO, Snipen L, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Rudi K. Fecal Microbiota Nutrient Utilization Potential Suggests Mucins as Drivers for Initial Gut Colonization of Mother-Child-Shared Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02201-20. [PMID: 33452029 PMCID: PMC8105027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02201-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional drivers for mother-child sharing of bacteria and the corresponding longitudinal trajectory of the infant gut microbiota development are not yet completely settled. We therefore aimed to characterize the mother-child sharing and the inferred nutritional utilization potential for the gut microbiota from a large unselected cohort. We analyzed in depth gut microbiota in 100 mother-child pairs enrolled antenatally from the general population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children (PreventADALL) cohort. Fecal samples collected at gestational week 18 for mothers and at birth (meconium), 3, 6, and 12 months for infants were analyzed by reduced metagenome sequencing to determine metagenome size and taxonomic composition. The nutrient utilization potential was determined based on the Virtual Metabolic Human (VMH, www.vmh.life) database. The estimated median metagenome size was ∼150 million base pairs (bp) for mothers and ∼20 million bp at birth for the children. Longitudinal analyses revealed mother-child sharing (P < 0.05, chi-square test) from birth up to 6 months for 3 prevalent Bacteroides species (prevalence, >25% for all age groups). In a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), the mother-child-shared Bacteroides were associated with vaginal delivery (1.7% explained variance, P = 0.0001). Both vaginal delivery and mother-child sharing were associated with host-derived mucins as nutrient sources. The age-related increase in metagenome size corresponded to an increased diversity in nutrient utilization, with dietary polysaccharides as the main age-related factor. Our results support host-derived mucins as potential selection means for mother-child sharing of initial colonizers, while the age-related increase in diversity was associated with dietary polysaccharides.IMPORTANCE The initial bacterial colonization of human infants is crucial for lifelong health. Understanding the factors driving this colonization will therefore be of great importance. Here, we used a novel high-taxonomic-resolution approach to deduce the nutrient utilization potential of the infant gut microbiota in a large longitudinal mother-child cohort. We found mucins as potential selection means for the initial colonization of mother-child-shared bacteria, while the transition to a more adult-like microbiota was associated with dietary polysaccharide utilization potential. This knowledge will be important for a future understanding of the importance of diet in shaping the gut microbiota composition and development during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Asima Lokmic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inga Leena Angell
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carina Madelen Saunders
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard O Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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19
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Myhre PL, Prebensen C, Jonassen CM, Berdal JE, Omland T. SARS-CoV-2 Viremia is Associated With Inflammatory, But Not Cardiovascular Biomarkers, in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019756. [PMID: 33596668 PMCID: PMC8200723 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 may present with a variety of cardiovascular manifestations, and elevations of biomarkers reflecting myocardial injury and stress are prevalent. SARS‐CoV‐2 has been found in cardiac tissue, and myocardial dysfunction post‐COVID‐19 may occur. However, the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma and cardiovascular biomarkers remains unknown. Methods and Results COVID MECH (COVID‐19 Mechanisms) was a prospective, observational study enrolling consecutive, hospitalized patients with laboratory‐confirmed infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and symptoms of COVID‐19. Biobank plasma samples used to measure SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers were collected in 123 patients at baseline, and in 96 patients (78%) at day 3. Patients were aged 60±15 (mean ± SD) years, 71 (58%) were men, 68 (55%) were White, and 31 (25%) received mechanical ventilation during hospitalization. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in plasma from 48 (39%) patients at baseline. Patients with viremia were more frequently men, had more diabetes mellitus, and lower oxygen saturation. Patients with viremia had higher concentrations of interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and ferritin (all <0.001), but comparable levels of cTnT (cardiac troponin T; P=0.09), NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; P=0.27) and D‐dimer (P=0.67) to patients without viremia. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was present in plasma at either baseline or day 3 in 50 (52%) patients, and these patients experienced increase from baseline to day 3 in NT‐proBNP and D‐dimer concentrations, while there was no change in cTnT. Conclusions SARS‐CoV‐2 viremia was associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory, but not cardiovascular biomarkers. NT‐proBNP and D‐dimer, but not cTnT, increased from baseline to day 3 in patients with viremia. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04314232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder L. Myhre
- Division of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Christian Prebensen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Infectious DiseasesAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | | | - Jan Erik Berdal
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Infectious DiseasesAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Division of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
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20
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Endre KMA, Landrø L, LeBlanc M, Gjersvik P, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Nordlund B, Rudi K, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Rehbinder EM. Diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infancy using established diagnostic criteria: a cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:50-58. [PMID: 33511639 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants is challenging. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence and persistence of eczema and AD in infants using the UK Working Party (UKWP) and Hanifin and Rajka (H&R) criteria. METHODS A cohort of 1834 infants was examined clinically at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. AD was diagnosed by UKWP (3, 6 and 12 months) and H&R (12 months) criteria. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between AD and eczema. RESULTS Eczema was observed in 628 (34·2%) infants (n = 240, n = 359 and n = 329 at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively), with AD diagnosed in 212 (33·7%) infants with any eczema and in 64/78 (82%) infants with eczema at all three visits. The odds of AD were lower with first presentation of eczema at 6 [odds ratio (OR) 0·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·22-0·48] or 12 months (OR 0·49, 95% CI 0·32-0·74) than at 3 months, and higher in infants with eczema at three (OR 23·1, 95% CI 12·3-43·6) or two (OR 6·5, 95% CI 4·3-9·9) visits vs. one visit only. At 12 months, 156/329 (47·4%) fulfilled the UKWP and/or H&R criteria; 27 (8%) fulfilled the UKWP criteria only and 65 (20%) only the H&R criteria. Of the 129 infants who fulfilled the H&R criteria, 44 (34·1%) did not meet the itch criterion. CONCLUSIONS Used in combination and at multiple timepoints, the UKWP and H&R criteria for AD may be useful in clinical research but may have limited value in most other clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M A Endre
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Landrø
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - M LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Gjersvik
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - K C Lødrup Carlsen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Haugen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C M Jonassen
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - H O Skjerven
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A C Staff
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Vettukattil
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E M Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus and thus contains the genetic element s2m. We have extensively mined nucleotide data in GenBank in order to obtain a comprehensive list of s2m sequences both in the four virus families where s2m has previously been described and in other groups of organisms. Surprisingly, there seems to be a xenologue of s2m in a large number of insect species. The function of s2m is unknown, but our data show a very high degree of sequence conservation both in insects and in viruses and that the version of s2m found in SARS-CoV-2 has unique features, not seen in any other virus or insect strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torstein Tengs
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Charles F Delwiche
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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22
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Bjerkreim BA, Hammerstad SS, Gulseth HL, Berg TJ, Lee-Ødegård S, Rangberg A, Jonassen CM, Budge H, Morris D, Law J, Symonds M, Eriksen EF. Effect of Liothyronine Treatment on Dermal Temperature and Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue in Female Hypothyroid Patients: A Randomized Crossover Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:785175. [PMID: 34867829 PMCID: PMC8639573 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.785175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are essential for the full thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and have been implicated in dermal temperature regulation. Nevertheless, persistent cold-intolerance exists among a substantial proportion of hypothyroid patients on adequate levothyroxine (LT4) substitution. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess if skin temperature and activation of BAT during treatment with liothyronine (LT3) differs from that of LT4 treatment, fifty-nine female hypothyroid patients with residual symptoms on LT4 or LT4/LT3 combination therapy were randomly assigned in a non-blinded crossover study to receive monotherapy with LT4 or LT3 for 12 weeks each. Change in supraclavicular (SCV) skin temperature overlying BAT, and sternal skin temperature not overlying BAT, during rest and cold stimulation were assessed by infrared thermography (IRT). In addition, abundance of exosomal miR-92a, a biomarker of BAT activation, was estimated as a secondary outcome. RESULTS Cold stimulated skin temperatures decreased less with LT3 vs. LT4 in both SCV (mean 0.009°C/min [95% CI: 0.004, 0.014]; P<0.001) and sternal areas (mean 0.014°C/min [95% CI: 0.008, 0.020]; P<0.001). No difference in serum exosomal miR-92a abundance was observed between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION LT3 may reduce dermal heat loss. Thermography data suggested increased BAT activation in hypothyroid patients with cold-intolerance. However, this finding was not corroborated by assessment of the microRNA biomarker of BAT activation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03627611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Ann Bjerkreim
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Betty Ann Bjerkreim,
| | - Sara Salehi Hammerstad
- Endocrinology, Pilestredet Park Specialist Center, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Løvdal Gulseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Julsrud Berg
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anbjørg Rangberg
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Helen Budge
- Academic Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Morris
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Law
- Academic Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Symonds
- Academic Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Fink Eriksen
- Endocrinology, Pilestredet Park Specialist Center, Oslo, Norway
- The Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Grønlien HK, Christoffersen TE, Nystrand CF, Garabet L, Syvertsen T, Moe MK, Olstad OK, Jonassen CM. Cytokine and Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis according to Genetic Profile. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:446-457. [PMID: 33326952 DOI: 10.1159/000511551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by downregulation of hepcidin synthesis, leading to increased intestinal iron absorption. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to characterize and elucidate a possible association between gene expression profile, hepcidin levels, disease severity, and markers of inflammation in HFE-associated HH patients. METHODS Thirty-nine HFE-associated HH patients were recruited and assigned to 2 groups according to genetic profile: C282Y homozygotes in 1 group and patients with H63D, as homozygote or in combination with C282Y, in the other group. Eleven healthy first-time blood donors were recruited as controls. Gene expression was characterized from peripheral blood cells, and inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin-25 isoform were quantified in serum. Biochemical disease characteristics were recorded. RESULTS Elevated levels of interleukin 8 were observed in a significant higher proportion of patients than controls. In addition, compared to controls, gene expression of ζ-globin was significantly increased among C282Y homozygote patients, while gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8, and other neutrophil-secreted proteins, was significantly upregulated in patients with H63D. CONCLUSION Different disease signatures may characterize HH patients according to their HFE genetic profile. Studies on larger populations, including analyses at protein level, are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lamya Garabet
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Terje Syvertsen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Morten K Moe
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway,
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,
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24
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Laake I, Feiring B, Jonassen CM, Pettersson JHO, Frengen TG, Kirkeleite IØ, Trogstad L. Concurrent infection with multiple human papillomavirus types among unvaccinated and vaccinated 17-year-old Norwegian girls. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:625-633. [PMID: 33205203 PMCID: PMC9441200 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infection influences the risk of acquiring infections with other HPV types is unclear. We studied concurrent HPV infections in 17-year-old girls from 2 birth cohorts; the first vaccine-eligible cohort in Norway and a prevaccination cohort. Methods Urine samples were collected and tested for 37 HPV genotypes. This study was restricted to unvaccinated girls from the prevaccination cohort (n = 5245) and vaccinated girls from the vaccine-eligible cohort (n = 4904). Risk of HPV infection was modelled using mixed-effect logistic regression. Expected frequencies of concurrent infection with each pairwise combination of the vaccine types and high-risk types (6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59) were compared to observed frequencies. Results Infection with multiple HPV types was more common among unvaccinated girls than vaccinated girls (9.2% vs 3.7%). HPV33 and HPV51 was the only HPV pair that was detected together more often than expected among both unvaccinated (P = .002) and vaccinated girls (P < .001). No HPV pairs were observed significantly less often than expected. Conclusions HPV33 and HPV51 tended to be involved in coinfection among both unvaccinated and vaccinated girls. The introduction of HPV vaccination does not seem to have had an effect on the tendency of specific HPV types to cluster together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Laake
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Feiring
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - John H-O Pettersson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Torstein Gjølgali Frengen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Nilsen M, Madelen Saunders C, Leena Angell I, Arntzen MØ, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Carlsen KH, Haugen G, Heldal Hagen L, Carlsen MH, Hedlin G, Monceyron Jonassen C, Nordlund B, Maria Rehbinder E, Skjerven HO, Snipen L, Cathrine Staff A, Vettukattil R, Rudi K. Butyrate Levels in the Transition from an Infant- to an Adult-Like Gut Microbiota Correlate with Bacterial Networks Associated with Eubacterium Rectale and Ruminococcus Gnavus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111245. [PMID: 33105702 PMCID: PMC7690385 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the ecological forces shaping the gut microbiota composition during infancy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify the nutrient utilization- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production potential of gut microbes in infants during the first year of life. Stool samples were obtained from mothers at 18 weeks of pregnancy and from infants at birth (first stool) at 3, 6, and 12-months of age from the general population-based PreventADALL cohort. We identified the taxonomic and SCFA composition in 100 mother-child pairs. The SCFA production and substrate utilization potential of gut microbes were observed by multiomics (shotgun sequencing and proteomics) on six infants. We found a four-fold increase in relative butyrate levels from 6 to 12 months of infant age. The increase was correlated to Eubacterium rectale and its bacterial network, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii relative abundance, while low butyrate at 12 months was correlated to Ruminococcus gnavus and its associated network of bacteria. Both E. rectale and F. prausnitzii expressed enzymes needed for butyrate production and enzymes related to dietary fiber degradation, while R. gnavus expressed mucus-, fucose, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)-related degradation enzymes. Therefore, we believe that the presence of E. rectale, its network, and F. prausnitzii are key bacteria in the transition from an infant- to an adult-like gut microbiota with respect to butyrate production. Our results indicate that the transition from an infant- to an adult-like gut microbiota with respect to butyrate producing bacteria, occurs between 6 and 12 months of infant age. The bacteria associated with the increased butyrate ratio/levels were E. rectale and F. prausnitzii, which potentially utilize a variety of dietary fibers based on the glycoside hydrolases (GHs) expressed. R. gnavus with a negative association to butyrate potentially utilizes mucin, fucose, and HMO components. This knowledge could have future importance in understanding how microbial metabolites can impact infant health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Carina Madelen Saunders
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (K.C.L.C.); (K.-H.C.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Inga Leena Angell
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (K.C.L.C.); (K.-H.C.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (K.C.L.C.); (K.-H.C.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Live Heldal Hagen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Monica H. Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0405 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.H.); (B.N.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, 1714 Kalnes, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.H.); (B.N.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (K.C.L.C.); (K.-H.C.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Lars Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (K.C.L.C.); (K.-H.C.); (H.O.S.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (E.M.R.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (I.L.A.); (M.Ø.A.); (L.H.H.); (C.M.J.); (L.S.); (K.R.)
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Olsson Mägi CA, Bjerg Bäcklund A, Lødrup Carlsen K, Almqvist C, Carlsen KH, Granum B, Haugen G, Hilde K, Lødrup Carlsen OC, Jonassen CM, Rehbinder EM, Sjøborg KD, Skjerven H, Staff AC, Vettukattil R, Söderhäll C, Nordlund B. Allergic disease and risk of stress in pregnant women: a PreventADALL study. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00175-2020. [PMID: 33083440 PMCID: PMC7553112 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00175-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal stress during pregnancy may negatively affect the health of mother and child. We therefore aimed to identify the proportion of women reporting high maternal stress in mid and late pregnancy and explore whether symptoms of maternal allergic disease are associated with perceived maternal stress in late pregnancy. Method The population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergy in Children (PreventADALL) study enrolled 2697 pregnant women at their 18-week routine ultrasound examination in Norway and Sweden. Information about sociodemographic factors, symptoms and doctor-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and anaphylaxis and stress using the 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS) was collected at 18 weeks (mid) and 34 weeks (late) pregnancy. High stress was defined as a PSS score ≥29. Scores were analysed using multivariate logistic and linear regression. Results Among the 2164 women with complete PSS data, 17% reported asthma, 20% atopic dermatitis, 23% allergic rhinitis, 12% food allergy and 2% anaphylaxis. The proportion of women reporting high stress decreased from 15% at mid to 13% at late pregnancy (p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratio for high stress in late pregnancy was 2.25 (95% CI 1.41-3.58) for self-reported symptoms of asthma, 1.46 (95% CI 1.02-2.10) for allergic rhinitis and 2.25 (95% CI 1.32-3.82) for food allergy. A multivariate linear regression model confirmed that symptoms of asthma (β coefficient 2.11; 0.71-3.51), atopic dermatitis (β coefficient 1.76; 0.62-2.89) and food allergy (β coefficient 2.24; 0.63-3.84) were independently associated with increased PSS score. Conclusion Allergic disease symptoms in pregnancy were associated with increased stress, highlighting the importance of optimal disease control in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline-Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjerg Bäcklund
- Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Granum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Hilde
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oda C Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine D Sjøborg
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Håvard Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Lyngbakken MN, Berdal JE, Eskesen A, Kvale D, Olsen IC, Rangberg A, Jonassen CM, Omland T, Røsjø H, Dalgard O. Norwegian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (NO COVID-19) Pragmatic Open label Study to assess early use of hydroxychloroquine sulphate in moderately severe hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:485. [PMID: 32503662 PMCID: PMC7273378 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The hypothesis of the study is that treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is safe and will accelerate the virological clearance rate for patients with moderately severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) when compared to standard care. Furthermore, we hypothesize that early treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate is associated with more rapid resolve of clinical symptoms as assessed by the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), decreased admission rate to intensive care units and mortality, and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide). Trial design The study is a two-arm, open label, pragmatic randomised controlled group sequential adaptive trial designed to assess the effect on viral loads and clinical outcome of hydroxychloroquine sulphate therapy in addition to standard care compared to standard care alone in patients with established Covid-19. By utilizing resources already paid for by the hospitals (physicians and nurses in daily clinical practice), this pragmatic trial can include a larger number of patients over a short period of time and at a lower cost than studies utilizing traditional randomized controlled trial designs with an external study organization. The pragmatic approach will enable swift initiation of randomisation and allocation to treatment. Participants Patients will be recruited from all inpatients at Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. Electronic real-time surveillance of laboratory reports from the Department of Microbiology will be examined regularly for SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects. All of the following conditions must apply to the prospective patient at screening prior to inclusion: (1) Hospitalisation; (2) Adults 18 years or older; (3) Moderately severe Covid-19 disease (NEWS2 of 6 or less); (4) SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swab; (5) Expected time of hospitalisation > 48 hours; and (6) Signed informed consent must be obtained and documented according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization, and national/local regulations. Patients will be excluded from participation in the study if they meet any of the following criteria: (1) Requiring intensive care unit admission at screening; (2) History of psoriasis; (3) Known adverse reaction to hydroxychloroquine sulphate; (4) Pregnancy; or (5) Prolonged corrected QT interval (>450 ms). Clinical data, including standard hospital biochemistry, medical therapy, vital signs, NEWS2, and microbiology results (including blood culture results and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] for other upper airway viruses), will be automatically extracted from the hospital electronic records and merged with the study specific database. Intervention and comparator Included patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to (1) standard care with the addition of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulphate (PlaquenilTM) twice daily for seven days or (2) standard care alone. Main outcomes The primary endpoint of the study is the rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in oropharyngeal samples as assessed by RT-PCR in samples collected at baseline, 48 and 96 hours after randomization and administration of drug for the intervention arm. Secondary endpoints include change in NEWS2 at 96 hours after randomisation, admission to intensive care unit, mortality (in-hospital, and at 30 and 90 days), duration of hospital admission, clinical status on a 7-point ordinal scale 14 days after randomization ([1] Death [2] Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [3] Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices [4] Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen [5] Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen [6] Not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities [7] Not hospitalised, with resumption of normal activities), and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide) at 96 hours after randomization. Randomisation Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio, using a computer randomisation procedure. The allocation sequence has been prepared by an independent statistician. Blinding (masking) Open label randomised controlled pragmatic trial without blinding, no active or placebo control. The virologist assessing viral load in the oropharyngeal samples and the statistician responsible for analysis of the data will be blinded to the treatment allocation for the statistical analyses. Numbers to be randomized (sample size) This is a group sequential adaptive trial where analyses are planned after 51, 101, 151 and 202 completed patients, with a maximum sample size of 202 patients (101 patients allocated to intervention and standard care and 101 patients allocated to standard care alone). Trial Status Protocol version 1.3 (March 26, 2020). Recruitment of first patient on March 26, 2020, and 51 patients were included as per April 28, 2020. Study recruitment is anticipated to be completed by July 2020. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04316377. Trial registered March 20, 2020. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan-Erik Berdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arne Eskesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Dag Kvale
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Christoffer Olsen
- Department of Research Support for Clinical Trials, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anbjørg Rangberg
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | | | - Torbjørn Omland
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Olav Dalgard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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28
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Skjerven HO, Rehbinder EM, Vettukattil R, LeBlanc M, Granum B, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Landrø L, Marsland BJ, Rudi K, Sjøborg KD, Söderhäll C, Staff AC, Carlsen KH, Asarnoj A, Bains KES, Carlsen OCL, Endre KMA, Granlund PA, Hermansen JU, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Hilde K, Håland G, Kreyberg I, Olsen IC, Mägi CAO, Nordhagen LS, Saunders CM, Skrindo I, Tedner SG, Værnesbranden MR, Wiik J, Jonassen CM, Nordlund B, Carlsen KCL. Skin emollient and early complementary feeding to prevent infant atopic dermatitis (PreventADALL): a factorial, multicentre, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2020; 395:951-961. [PMID: 32087121 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin emollients applied during early infancy could prevent atopic dermatitis, and early complementary food introduction might reduce food allergy in high-risk infants. The study aimed to determine if either regular skin emollients applied from 2 weeks of age, or early complementary feeding introduced between 12 and 16 weeks of age, reduced development of atopic dermatitis by age 12 months in the general infant population. METHODS This population-based 2×2 factorial, randomised clinical trial was done at Oslo University Hospital and Østfold Hospital Trust, Oslo, Norway; and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Infants of women recruited antenatally at the routine ultrasound pregnancy screening at 18 weeks were cluster-randomised at birth from 2015 to 2017 to the following groups: (1) controls with no specific advice on skin care while advised to follow national guidelines on infant nutrition (no intervention group); (2) skin emollients (bath additives and facial cream; skin intervention group); (3) early complementary feeding of peanut, cow's milk, wheat, and egg (food intervention group); or (4) combined skin and food interventions (combined intervention group). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) using computer- generated cluster randomisation based on 92 geographical living area blocks as well as eight 3-month time blocks. Carers were instructed to apply the interventions on at least 4 days per week. Atopic dermatitis by age 12 months was the primary outcome, based on clinical investigations at 3, 6 and 12 months by investigators masked to group allocation. Atopic dermatitis was assessed after completing the 12-month investigations and diagnosed if either of the UK Working Party and Hanifin and Rajka (12 months only) diagnostic criteria were fulfilled. The primary efficacy analyses was done by intention-to-treat analysis on all randomly assigned participants. Food allergy results will be reported once all investigations at age 3 years are completed in 2020. This was a study performed within ORAACLE (the Oslo Research Group of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood; the Lung and Environment). The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02449850. FINDINGS 2697 women were recruited between Dec 9, 2014, and Oct 31, 2016, from whom 2397 newborn infants were enrolled from April 14, 2015, to April 11, 2017. Atopic dermatitis was observed in 48 (8%) of 596 infants in the no intervention group, 64 (11%) of 575 in the skin intervention group, 58 (9%) of 642 in the food intervention group, and 31 (5%) of 583 in the combined intervention group. Neither skin emollients nor early complementary feeding reduced development of atopic dermatitis, with a risk difference of 3·1% (95% CI -0·3 to 6·5) for skin intervention and 1·0% (-2·1 to 4·1) for food intervention, in favour of control. No safety concerns with the interventions were identified. Reported skin symptoms and signs (including itching, oedema, exanthema, dry skin, and urticaria) were no more frequent in the skin, food, and combined intervention groups than in the no intervention group. INTERPRETATION Neither early skin emollients nor early complementary feeding reduced development of atopic dermatitis by age 12 months. Our study does not support the use of these interventions to prevent atopic dermatitis by 12 months of age in infants. FUNDING The study was funded by several public and private funding bodies: The Regional Health Board South East, The Norwegian Research Council, Health and Rehabilitation Norway, The Foundation for Healthcare and Allergy Research in Sweden-Vårdalstiftelsen, Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation, Swedish Research Council-the Initiative for Clinical Therapy Research, The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, SFO-V at the Karolinska Institute, Freemason Child House Foundation in Stockholm, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare-FORTE, Oslo University Hospital, the University of Oslo, and Østfold Hospital Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Landrø
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biology and Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Universitu of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Asarnoj
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Eline Stensby Bains
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oda C Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim M Advocaat Endre
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder Annæus Granlund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Hilde
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Håland
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Kreyberg
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Caroline-Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Live Solveig Nordhagen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carina Madelen Saunders
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Skrindo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sandra G Tedner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena R Værnesbranden
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Johanna Wiik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Saunders CM, Rehbinder EM, Carlsen KCL, Gudbrandsgard M, Carlsen KH, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Sjøborg KD, Landrø L, Nordlund B, Rudi K, O Skjerven H, Söderhäll C, Staff AC, Vettukattil R, Carlsen MH. Food and nutrient intake and adherence to dietary recommendations during pregnancy: a Nordic mother-child population-based cohort. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3676. [PMID: 31920469 PMCID: PMC6939665 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A woman's food intake during pregnancy has important implications not only for herself but also for the future health and well-being of her child. Suboptimal dietary quality has been consistently reported in many high-income countries, reflecting poor adherence to dietary guidelines. Objective This study aimed to explore the intake of food and nutrients in a cohort of pregnant women in Norway and their adherence to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) and Norwegian food-based guidelines (NFG). Design We investigated the dietary intake in 1,674 pregnant women from the mother-child birth cohort, PreventADALL, recruited at approximately 18-week gestational age. Dietary intake was assessed by an electronic validated food frequency questionnaire (PrevFFQ) in the first half of pregnancy. Results Total fat intake was within the recommended intake (RI) range in most women; however, the contribution of saturated fatty acids to the total energy intake was above RI in the majority (85.2%) of women. Carbohydrate intake was below RI in 43.9% of the women, and 69.5% exceeded the RI of salt. Intakes of fiber, vegetables, and fish were high in a large part of the population. Many women had a high probability of inadequate intakes of the following key micronutrients during pregnancy: folate (54.4%), iron (49.6%), calcium (36.2%), vitamin D (28.7%), iodine (24.4%), and selenium (41.3%). A total of 22.8% women reported an alcohol intake of >1 g/day, and 4.4% reported an alcohol intake of >10 g/day. Women with higher educational levels showed a tendency towards healthier eating habits, except for higher intakes of alcohol and coffee, compared to women with lower educational level. Discussion Excessive saturated fat intake and limited intake of many important micronutrients during pregnancy were common, potentially increasing the risk for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Conclusions This study highlights the need for improved nutritional guidance to pregnant women across all educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Madelen Saunders
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malén Gudbrandsgard
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Linn Landrø
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hauger Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Wiik J, Sengpiel V, Kyrgiou M, Nilsson S, Mitra A, Tanbo T, Monceyron Jonassen C, Møller Tannæs T, Sjøborg K. Cervical microbiota in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, prior to and after local excisional treatment, a Norwegian cohort study. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 30728029 PMCID: PMC6364458 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) has been correlated with reproductive morbidity, while the cervicovaginal microbiota is also known to affect the risk of preterm delivery. CIN and treatment by LEEP might change the cervical microbiota. The main aim of this study was to describe the cervical microbiota before and after LEEP and assess its associaton with cone depth and HPV persistence. Further, we aimed to compare the microbiota to references with normal cervical cytology. Methods Between 2005 and 2007, we prospectively identified 89 women planned for LEEP in a Norwegian hospital and recruited 100 references with a normal cervical cytology. Endocervical swabs were collected prior to treatment and at six (n = 77) and 12 months (n = 72) post LEEP for bacterial culture and PCR, and post LEEP for DNA testing for human papillomavirus (HPV). We compared the cervical microbiota composition before and after treatment and between women planned for LEEP vs references. Results There was a reduction in the number of non-Lactobacillus bacterial species six and 12 months after LEEP compared to before treatment and a tendency towards a concomitant increase in Lactobacillus. No association between the detection of cervical bacteria, HPV persistence or cone depth was found. Women planned for LEEP carried significantly more Bacteroides spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma parvum as well as a greater number of bacterial species than the references. Conclusions Local excisional treatment appears to alter the cervical microbiota towards a less diverse microbiota. Women with CIN have a more diverse cervical microbiota compared to women with normal cervical cytology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12905-019-0727-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Wiik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Verena Sengpiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kyrgiou
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, IRDB, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.,West London Gynaecological Cancer Center, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea - Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anita Mitra
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, IRDB, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.,West London Gynaecological Cancer Center, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea - Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Tom Tanbo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tone Møller Tannæs
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Sjøborg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
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31
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Feiring B, Laake I, Christiansen IK, Hansen M, Stålcrantz J, Ambur OH, Magnus P, Jonassen CM, Trogstad L. Substantial Decline in Prevalence of Vaccine-Type and Nonvaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Girls 5 Years After Implementing HPV Vaccine in Norway. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1900-1910. [PMID: 30010913 PMCID: PMC6217723 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2009, quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced in a school-based single-cohort program targeting 12-year-old girls in Norway. We estimated the impact of the Norwegian HPV immunization program. Methods Three birth cohorts of 17-year-old girls, 2 nonvaccine-eligible cohorts (born 1994 or 1996) and 1 vaccine-eligible cohort (born 1997) were invited to deliver urine samples. The samples were analyzed for 37 HPV genotypes. HPV prevalence was compared between birth cohorts and between vaccinated and unvaccinated girls within and across birth cohorts after linkage to the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Results In total, 17749 urine samples were analyzed. A 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37%-47%) reduction in any HPV type and 81% (95% CI, 76%-85%) reduction in vaccine types (HPV-6/11/16/18) were observed in the vaccine-eligible cohort compared to the 1994 cohort. Vaccine types were reduced by 54% (95% CI, 39%-66%) and 90% (95% CI, 86%-92%) in unvaccinated and vaccinated girls, respectively, from the 1997 cohort, compared with unvaccinated girls born in 1994. A significant reduction was also observed for several nonvaccine types. Vaccine-type prevalence was reduced by 77% (95% CI, 65%-85%) in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated girls from the 1997 cohort. Conclusions In this largely HPV-naive population, we observed a substantial reduction in vaccine and nonvaccine types in vaccinated and unvaccinated girls following introduction of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Feiring
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
| | - Ida Laake
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
| | | | - Mona Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog
| | - Jeanette Stålcrantz
- Department of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
| | - Ole Herman Ambur
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog
- Department of Natural Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
| | | | - Lill Trogstad
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
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32
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Lødrup Carlsen KC, Rehbinder EM, Skjerven HO, Carlsen MH, Fatnes TA, Fugelli P, Granum B, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Landrø L, Lunde J, Marsland BJ, Nordlund B, Rudi K, Sjøborg K, Söderhäll C, Cathrine Staff A, Vettukattil R, Carlsen K, Asarnoj A, Auvinen P, Stensby Bains KE, Carlsen OC, Endre KA, Granlund PA, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Haahtela T, Hilde K, Holmstrøm H, Håland G, Kreyberg I, Mägi CO, Nordhagen LS, Nygaard UC, Schinagl CM, Skrindo I, Sjelmo S, Tedner SG, Værnesbranden MR, Wiik J. Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in Children-the PreventADALL study. Allergy 2018; 73:2063-2070. [PMID: 29710408 DOI: 10.1111/all.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Dermatology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Monica Hauger Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Thea Aspelund Fatnes
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Pål Fugelli
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Berit Granum
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women′s and Children′s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Genetic Unit Centre for Laboratory Medicine Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Linn Landrø
- Department of Dermatology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Jon Lunde
- Department of Pediatrics Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes Norway
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Service de Pneumologie Department of Biology and Medicine CHUV‐UNIL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women′s and Children′s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Katrine Sjøborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women′s and Children′s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Kai‐Håkon Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Garabet L, Ghanima W, Monceyron Jonassen C, Skov V, Holst R, Mowinckel MC, C Hasselbalch H, A Kruse T, Thomassen M, Liebman H, Bussel JB, Sandset PM. Effect of thrombopoietin receptor agonists on markers of coagulation and P-selectin in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2017; 30:206-212. [PMID: 29215956 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1394451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin-receptor-agonists (TPO-RA) are effective treatments of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Previous long-term TPO-RA clinical trials have shown that thrombotic events occurred in 6% of TPO-RA-treated ITP patients. To explore the increased risk of thrombosis, the effects of TPO-RA on markers of coagulation and P-selectin were studied. The study comprised two ITP cohorts and controls. Cohort 1 included 26 patients with sequential samples acquired before and during treatment with TPO-RA. Cohort 2 included a single sample in 18 patients on TPO-RA for more than one year. Thrombin generation (endogenous thrombin potential (ETP)) prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F1+2), D-dimer, and plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured as well as soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin). Sequential expression of encoding genes for P-selectin (SELP) and PAI-1 (SERPINE1) was determined in four patients in cohort 1. Significantly higher levels of F1+2, D-dimer, and PAI-1 were found in ITP patients before TPO-RA treatment and in patients on long-term TPO-RA treatment than in controls. Pre-treatment levels of sP-selectin did not differ from controls. Analysis of longitudinal trends showed an increase in platelet count, sP-selectin, and PAI-1 after initiation of TPO-RA, followed by gradual decline. Platelet count and sP-selectin remained at higher levels throughout the study, whereas PAI-1 did not. Levels of other studied parameters did not show significant changes after initiation of treatment. Expression of SELP was up-regulated after initiation of TPO-RA, while the expression of SERPINE1 showed no significant changes. In conclusion, elevated pre-treatment levels of F1+2, D-dimer and PAI-1 are compatible with ITP being an intrinsically pro-thrombotic condition. After TPO-RA treatment, there were no significant changes in markers of coagulation activation or fibrinolysis, except for an initial increase in PAI-1 and a significant increase in sP-selectin both of which may contribute to increased thrombotic risk associated with TPO-RA treatment in ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Garabet
- a Center for Laboratory Medicine , Østfold Hospital Trust , Kalnes , Oslo , Norway.,b Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway
| | - Waleed Ghanima
- b Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.,c Department of Research , Østfold Hospital Trust , Kalnes , Norway.,d Department of Medicine , Østfold Hospital Trust , Kalnes , Norway
| | | | - Vibe Skov
- e Department of Hematology , Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - René Holst
- c Department of Research , Østfold Hospital Trust , Kalnes , Norway.,f Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology , University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Marie-Christine Mowinckel
- g Department of Haematology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,h Research Institute of Internal Medicine , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hans C Hasselbalch
- i Department of Hematology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- j Department of Clinical Genetics , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- j Department of Clinical Genetics , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Howard Liebman
- k Department of Medicine , University of California-Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - James B Bussel
- l Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology , New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , USA
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- b Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway.,g Department of Haematology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,h Research Institute of Internal Medicine , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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Nystrand CF, Ghanima W, Waage A, Jonassen CM. JAK2 V617F mutation can be reliably detected in serum using droplet digital PCR. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 40:181-186. [PMID: 29150911 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation is a key step in the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Sensitive real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection on peripheral blood (PB) is the most widely used method. The main objective of this study was to determine whether serum, the most common material available in archival biobanks, is a good liquid biopsy for detecting and quantifying the JAK2 V617F mutation using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). METHODS Paired PB and serum samples from 66 patients with MPN were used. Serum samples were frozen at -25°C before analysis. DNA was extracted from 200 μL PB and 400 μL serum, and ddPCR analysis was performed. RESULTS Among the 47 patients with detectable mutation in their PB samples, the overall sensitivity for the detection of JAK2 mutation in serum was of 96% (45 of 47); V617F was detected in all cases where mutation load was above 1%. Our results showed very strong correlation between PB and serum (Spearman r: 0.989, P < .0001). Significantly higher allele burden was detected in serum compared to PB (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Z = -5.672, P < .0001). CONCLUSION In our study, JAK2 V617F mutation load as low as 1% was reliably detected in serum using ddPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Nystrand
- Centre for Laboratory medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - W Ghanima
- Department of Oncology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Haematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - C M Jonassen
- Centre for Laboratory medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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35
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Lie AK, Tropé A, Skare GB, Bjørge T, Jonassen CM, Brusegard K, Lönnberg S. HPV genotype profile in a Norwegian cohort with ASC-US and LSIL cytology with three year cumulative risk of high grade cervical neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 148:111-117. [PMID: 29132873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the HPVgenotype profile in Norwegian women with ASC-US/LSIL cytology and the subsequent risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia (CIN 3+). METHODS In this observational study delayed triage of ASC-US/LSIL of 6058 women were included from 2005 to 2010. High-risk HPV detection with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) was used and the HC2+ cases were genotyped with in-house nmPCR. Women were followed-up for histologically confirmed CIN3+ within three years of index HPV test by linkage to the screening databases at the Cancer Registry of Norway. RESULTS HC2 was positive in 45% (2756/6058) of the women. Within 3years CIN3+ was diagnosed in 26% of women<34year and in 15%≥34year. HC2 was positive at index in 94% of CIN3+ cases and negative in 64 cases including three women with cervical carcinomas. Women<34years with single infections of HPV 16, 35, 58 or 33 or multiple infections including HPV 16, 52, 33 or 31 were associated with highest proportions of CIN 3+. Older women with single infection with HPV 16, 33, 31 or 35 or multiple infections including HPV 16, 33, 31 or 18/39 were more likely to develop CIN 3+. CONCLUSIONS HPV 16 and HPV 33 at baseline both as single or multiple infections, were associated with the highest risk for CIN3+. Among older women, all 13 high-risk genotypes as single infection were associated with >20% risk of CIN3+. Further studies are necessary to risk stratify the individual genotypes to reduce the number of colposcopies in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lie
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Norway.
| | - A Tropé
- Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - G B Skare
- Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Bjørge
- Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C M Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - K Brusegard
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - S Lönnberg
- Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Molden T, Feiring B, Ambur OH, Christiansen IK, Hansen M, Laake I, Meisal R, Myrvang E, Jonassen CM, Trogstad L. Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in urine samples from Norwegian women aged 17 and 21 years: A nationwide cross-sectional study of three non-vaccinated birth cohorts. Papillomavirus Res 2016; 2:153-158. [PMID: 29074174 PMCID: PMC5886875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to assess the HPV prevalence in unscreened and unvaccinated young women living in Norway, to provide important baseline data for early estimation of the impact of the HPV vaccination program. Methods A total of 13,129 self-sampled urine samples from two complete birth-cohorts of 17-year old women born in 1994 and 1996 and one third of a birth-cohort of 21-year old women born in 1990, were analysed for the presence of 37 HPV types using PCR and a DNA hybridization technique. Results In the two birth cohorts of 17-year old women, HPV was detected in 19.9% (95% CI 18.8–20.9) and 15.4% (95% CI 14.5–16.3), respectively. High-risk HPV types were detected in 11.2% (95% CI 10.3–12.0) and 7.6% (95% CI 6.9–8.2), respectively, while vaccine types were detected in 7.4% (95% CI 6.7–8.1) and 6.0% (95% CI 5.4–6.6), respectively. Among the 21-year old women HPV was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.9–47.8), whereas high-risk types were detected in 29.8% (95% CI 27.5–32.0). Vaccine types (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18) were detected in 16.2% (95% CI 14.4–18.1). Conclusion This large population based study confirms that HPV testing in urine samples is easy and highly feasible for epidemiological studies and vaccine surveillance in young women. HPV was very common and a broad spectrum of HPV types was identified. Differences in HPV prevalence was seen both between age groups and between the two birth cohorts of 17-year old women. Self-sampled urine proved suitable for large scale HPV testing. HPV 16 and 18 was very common among young girls. A wide variety of HPV types circulates in the population. HPV was detected in nearly half of the 21-year old women. HPV was detected in 15–20% of the 17-year old women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Molden
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box, 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Berit Feiring
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box, 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ole Herman Ambur
- Akershus University Hospital, PO Box 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | | | - Mona Hansen
- Akershus University Hospital, PO Box 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Ida Laake
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box, 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Roger Meisal
- Akershus University Hospital, PO Box 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Ellen Myrvang
- Akershus University Hospital, PO Box 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Akershus University Hospital, PO Box 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Østfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 300, 1714 Grålum, Norway.
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box, 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
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37
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Mohn KGI, Cox RJ, Tunheim G, Berdal JE, Hauge AG, Jul-Larsen Å, Peters B, Oftung F, Jonassen CM, Mjaaland S. Immune Responses in Acute and Convalescent Patients with Mild, Moderate and Severe Disease during the 2009 Influenza Pandemic in Norway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143281. [PMID: 26606759 PMCID: PMC4659565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased understanding of immune responses influencing clinical severity during pandemic influenza infection is important for improved treatment and vaccine development. In this study we recruited 46 adult patients during the 2009 influenza pandemic and characterized humoral and cellular immune responses. Those included were either acute hospitalized or convalescent patients with different disease severities (mild, moderate or severe). In general, protective antibody responses increased with enhanced disease severity. In the acute patients, we found higher levels of TNF-α single-producing CD4+T-cells in the severely ill as compared to patients with moderate disease. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a subset of acute patients with peptide T-cell epitopes showed significantly lower frequencies of influenza specific CD8+ compared with CD4+ IFN-γ T-cells in acute patients. Both T-cell subsets were predominantly directed against the envelope antigens (HA and NA). However, in the convalescent patients we found high levels of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells directed against conserved core antigens (NP, PA, PB, and M). The results indicate that the antigen targets recognized by the T-cell subsets may vary according to the phase of infection. The apparent low levels of cross-reactive CD8+ T-cells recognizing internal antigens in acute hospitalized patients suggest an important role for this T-cell subset in protective immunity against influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neutralization Tests
- Norway/epidemiology
- Pandemics
- Prospective Studies
- Severity of Illness Index
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin G.-I. Mohn
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, and The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (KGIM); (SM)
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, and The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Tunheim
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, and The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Berdal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Anna Germundsson Hauge
- Section for Virology, Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsne Jul-Larsen
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrik Oftung
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, and The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Genetic Unit, Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Fredrikstad, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, and The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (KGIM); (SM)
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Markussen T, Sindre H, Jonassen CM, Tengs T, Kristoffersen AB, Ramsell J, Numanovic S, Hjortaas MJ, Christiansen DH, Dale OB, Falk K. Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of partial surface protein genes from infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) suggest novel mechanisms involved in transition to virulence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81571. [PMID: 24303056 PMCID: PMC3841194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncultivable HPR0 strains of infectious salmon anaemia viruses (ISAVs) infecting gills are non-virulent putative precursors of virulent ISAVs (vISAVs) causing systemic disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The transition to virulence involves two molecular events, a deletion in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene and a Q266→L266 substitution or insertion next to the putative cleavage site (R267) in the fusion protein (F). We have performed ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) of these gene regions from healthy fish positive for HPR0 virus carrying full-length HPR sampled in a screening program, and a vISAV strain from an ISA outbreak at the same farming site three weeks later, and compared the mutant spectra. As the UDPS data shows the presence of both HE genotypes at both sampling times, and the outbreak strain was unlikely to be directly related to the HPR0 strain, this is the first report of a double infection with HPR0s and vISAVs. For F amplicon reads, mutation frequencies generating L266 codons in screening samples and Q266 codons in outbreak samples were not higher than at any random site. We suggest quasispecies heterogeneity as well as RNA structural properties are linked to transition to virulence. More specifically, a mechanism where selected single point mutations in the full-length HPR alter the RNA structure facilitating single- or sequential deletions in this region is proposed. The data provides stronger support for the deletion hypothesis, as opposed to recombination, as the responsible mechanism for generating the sequence deletions in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turhan Markussen
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Hilde Sindre
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Torstein Tengs
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jon Ramsell
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanela Numanovic
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monika J. Hjortaas
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Debes H. Christiansen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, Food and Veterinary Authority, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Ole Bendik Dale
- Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Tengs T, Kristoffersen AB, Bachvaroff TR, Jonassen CM. A mobile genetic element with unknown function found in distantly related viruses. Virol J 2013; 10:132. [PMID: 23618040 PMCID: PMC3653767 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic element s2m seems to represent one of very few examples of mobile genetic elements in viruses. The function remains obscure and a scattered taxonomical distribution has been reported by numerous groups. METHODS We have searched GenBank in order to identify all viral accessions that have s2m(-like) sequence motifs. Rigorous phylogenetic analyses and constrained tree topology testing were also performed in order to investigate the apparently mobile nature of s2m. RESULTS The stem-loop s2m structure can be found in four families of + ssRNA viruses; Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae and Coronaviridae. In all of these virus families, with the possible exception of Caliciviridae, multiple gains and/or losses of s2m would have to be postulated in order to explain the distribution of this character. CONCLUSIONS s2m appears to be a mobile genetic element with a unique evolutionary history in all of the four virus families where it can be found. Based on our findings and a review of the current literature on s2m, a hypothesis implying an RNAi-like function for the s2m element is also outlined.
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Brumini D, Furlund CB, Comi I, Devold TG, Marletta D, Vegarud GE, Jonassen CM. Antiviral activity of donkey milk protein fractions on echovirus type 5. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lyngstad TM, Hjortaas MJ, Kristoffersen AB, Markussen T, Karlsen ET, Jonassen CM, Jansen PA. Use of molecular epidemiology to trace transmission pathways for infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Norwegian salmon farming. Epidemics 2010; 3:1-11. [PMID: 21420655 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA) is a disease affecting farmed Atlantic salmon, and most salmon producing countries have experienced ISA outbreaks. The aim of the present study was to use epidemiological and viral sequence information to trace transmission pathways for ISA virus (ISAV) in Norwegian salmon farming. METHODS The study covers a period from January 2007 to July 2009 with a relatively high rate of ISA outbreaks, including a large cluster of outbreaks that emerged in Northern Norway (the North-cluster). Farms with ISA outbreaks and neighbouring salmon farms (At-risk-sites) were tested for the presence of ISAV, and epidemiological information was collected. ISAV hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) and fusion (F) protein genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Associations between sequence similarities and salmon population data were analysed to substantiate possible transmission pathways. RESULTS There was a high degree of genetic similarity between ISAV isolates within the North-cluster. ISAV was detected in 12 of 28 At-risk-sites, and a high proportion of the viruses were identified as putative low virulent genotypes harbouring the full length highly polymorphic region (HPR); HPR0 of the HE protein and the amino acid glutamine (Q) in the F protein at position 266. The sequences from HPR0/F (Q(266)) genotypes revealed larger genetic variation, lower viral loads and lower prevalence of infection than HPR-deleted genotypes. Seaway distance between salmon farms was the only robust explanatory variable to explain genetic similarity between ISAV isolates. DISCUSSION We suggest that a single HPR-deleted genotype of ISAV has spread between salmon farms in the North-cluster. Furthermore, we find that HPR0/F (Q(266)) genotypes are frequently present in farmed populations of Atlantic salmon. From this, we anticipate a population dynamics of ISAV portrayed by low virulent genotypes occasionally transitioning into virulent genotypes, causing solitary outbreaks or local epidemics through local transmission.
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Toffan A, Jonassen CM, De Battisti C, Schiavon E, Kofstad T, Capua I, Cattoli G. Genetic characterization of a new astrovirus detected in dogs suffering from diarrhoea. Vet Microbiol 2009; 139:147-52. [PMID: 19477085 PMCID: PMC7126621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses have been described in several animals species frequently associated with diarrhoea, especially in young animals. In dogs, astrovirus-like particles have been observed sporadically and very little is known about their epidemiology and characteristics. In this paper, we describe the detection of astrovirus-like particles in symptomatic puppies. Furthermore, for the first time in this species, the presumptive identification made by electron microscopy was confirmed by genetic analysis of the viral RNA conducted directly on the clinical specimens. Genetic sequences of ORF2 (2443 nt), encoding for the capsid protein, and partial sequence of ORF1b (346 nt), encoding for the viral polymerase, identified the viruses as member of the family Astroviridae. The phylogenetic analysis clearly clustered canine astroviruses in the genus Mamastrovirus. Relative closest similarities were revealed with a cluster comprising human, porcine and feline astroviruses, based on the ORF2 sequences available. Based on the species definition for astroviruses and on the data obtained in this study, we suggest a new species of astrovirus – canine astrovirus, CaAstV – to be included in the genus Mamastrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toffan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Research and Development Department, Padova, Italy
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Wallgren P, Brunborg IM, Blomqvist G, Bergström G, Wikström F, Allan G, Fossum C, Jonassen CM. The index herd with PMWS in Sweden: presence of serum amyloid A, circovirus 2 viral load and antibody levels in healthy and PMWS-affected pigs. Acta Vet Scand 2009; 51:13. [PMID: 19327135 PMCID: PMC2679754 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-51-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) is an emerging disease in pigs of multifactorial origin, but associated to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. PMWS was first diagnosed in Sweden at a progeny test station that received pigs aged five weeks from 19 different nucleus herds on the day after weaning. The objective of this study was to examine, for the first time in an index outbreak of PMWS, the relationship between PCV2 virus, antibodies to PCV2 and serum amyloid a (SAA) in sequentially collected serum samples from pigs with and without signs of PMWS. METHODS Forty pigs of the last batch that entered the station at a mean age of 37.5 days were monitored for signs of PMWS during the first 55 days after arrival. Serum was collected on six occasions and analysed for presence of PCV2 DNA and antibodies to PCV2, as well as for levels of SAA. RESULTS Four of the pigs (10%) were concluded to have developed PMWS, with necropsy confirmation in three of them. These pigs displayed low levels of maternal antibodies to PCV2, more than 107 PCV2 viral DNA copies per ml serum and failed to mount a serological response to the virus. Starting between day 23 and 34 after arrival, an increase in PCV2 viral load was seen in all pigs, but PCV2 did not induce any SAA-response. Pigs that remained healthy seroconverted to PCV2 as the viral load was increased, regardless of initially having low or high levels of PCV2-antibodies. CONCLUSION In this index case of PMWS in Sweden, pigs affected by PMWS were not able to mount a relevant serum antibody response which contributed to the disease progression. The maximal PCV2 virus load was significantly higher and was also detected at an earlier stage in PMWS-affected pigs than in healthy pigs. However, a viral load above 107 PCV2 DNA copies per ml serum was also recorded in 18 out of 34 pigs without any clinical signs of PMWS, suggesting that these pigs were able to initiate a protective immune response to PCV2.
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Gjerset B, Rimstad E, Teige J, Soetaert K, Jonassen CM. Impact of natural sheep-goat transmission on detection and control of small ruminant lentivirus group C infections. Vet Microbiol 2008; 135:231-8. [PMID: 18986775 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections in Norway is affected by the different control strategies used for maedi-visna virus (MVV) infections in sheep and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infections in goats. Here we investigated SRLV phylogenetic group variants in sheep. CAEV-like isolates, belonging to phylogenetic group C, were found among both seropositive sheep and goats in mixed flocks, in which sheep and goats are kept together. Intra-herd clustering confirmed that mixed flock animals were infected by the same virus variant, suggesting ongoing interspecies transmission. Few sheep flocks were found to be infected with the MVV-like phylogenetic group A. The apparent absence of SRLV group A type in goats is probably due to the MVV control programme and animal management practices. SRLV group C targets lungs and mammary glands in sheep, and induces typical SRLV pathological lesions. SRLV group C isolated from the sheep mammary glands suggested a productive infection and potential for transmission to offspring. SRLV group C was most prevalent among goats. A lower PCR sensitivity in seropositive sheep suggested a lower load of SRLV group C provirus in sheep than in goats. Higher genetic divergence of group C than in other SRLV groups and extensive heterogeneity among group C isolates in the matrix C-terminal region demonstrate the need for identifying conserved target regions when developing PCR protocols for SRLV detection. As sheep and goats may serve as reservoirs for all SRLV genogroup types, successful control programmes require inclusion of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Gjerset
- Department of Food Safety & Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Markussen T, Jonassen CM, Numanovic S, Braaen S, Hjortaas M, Nilsen H, Mjaaland S. Evolutionary mechanisms involved in the virulence of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a piscine orthomyxovirus. Virology 2008; 374:515-27. [PMID: 18280528 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus causing a multisystemic, emerging disease in Atlantic salmon. Here we present, for the first time, detailed sequence analyses of the full-genome sequence of a presumed avirulent isolate displaying a full-length hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene (HPR0), and compare this with full-genome sequences of 11 Norwegian ISAV isolates from clinically diseased fish. These analyses revealed the presence of a virulence marker right upstream of the putative cleavage site R267 in the fusion (F) protein, suggesting a Q266-->L266 substitution to be a prerequisite for virulence. To gain virulence in isolates lacking this substitution, a sequence insertion near the cleavage site seems to be required. This strongly suggests the involvement of a protease recognition pattern at the cleavage site of the fusion protein as a determinant of virulence, as seen in highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 or H7 and the paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turhan Markussen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Lyngstad TM, Jansen PA, Sindre H, Jonassen CM, Hjortaas MJ, Johnsen S, Brun E. Epidemiological investigation of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) outbreaks in Norway 2003-2005. Prev Vet Med 2008; 84:213-27. [PMID: 18243376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological information was summarized from 32 outbreaks of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) on salmon farming sites in Norway in 2003-2005. Virus isolates from the outbreak sites were genotyped, and the genotyping was used to assess possible associations between outbreak sites due to adjacent location, sharing fish farming authorisation, sharing smolt suppliers or sharing broodfish origin of the fish. The ISA outbreaks were distributed along most of the Norwegian coast and showed a variable clinical picture. The virus genotypes clustered into three genogroups. Pairs of outbreak sites matched for adjacent location or registered under the same authorisation, all shared genogroup, which was a significantly higher number of corresponding genogroups than expected by chance. For outbreak sites sharing smolt suppliers, corresponding genogroups appeared in 7 out of 12 matched pairs, which was not significant. An evaluation of broodfish origin associated with genogroups did not support transmission linked to broodfish origin. In conclusion, genotyping of virus isolates from ISA outbreaks supports associations between adjacent outbreaks. This is consistent with horizontal transmission. The present study failed to find evidence for vertical transmission (patterns of genogroups related to smolt suppliers or broodfish companies were not identified).
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Lyngstad
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
The prevalence of influenza A virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 604 geese and ducks shot during ordinary hunting 2005. The study was based upon molecular screening of cloacal swabs taken by the hunters. The sampling included the following species: greylag (Anser anser), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (Anas penelope), teal (Anas crecca), goosander (Mergus merganser), tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), common scoter (Melanitta nigra), goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator). The samples found to be positive in the initial pan-influenza A virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were further subtyped by using a specific H5 RT-PCR and full-length RT-PCRs for the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase genes. None of the greylag samples (0/185) were positive for influenza Avirus, whereas 19.1% of the ducks (80/419) were positive. The prevalences of influenza A virus in the different duck species were as follows: mallard, 20.4% (58/284); wigeon, 12.5% (8/64); teal, 30.9% (13/42); goosander, 0% (0/5); tufted duck, 0% (0/4); common scoter, 14.3% (1/7); goldeneye, 0% (0/11); and red-breasted merganser, 0% (0/2). H5N1 subtype was found in one mallard and H5N2 subtype in another mallard and one teal. Sequencing of the HA gene identified all three viruses as low-pathogenic strains, closely related to low-pathogenic H5 influenza A viruses evidenced in recent years in Sweden and the Netherlands. The other subtypes identified included H1N1, H2, H3N2, H3N8, H6N1, H6N2, H6N8, H8N4, H9N2, H11N9, and H12 in mallards; H3N2, H6N2, H6N8, and H9N2 in teals; and H6N2 in wigeons and common scoter.
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Vikøren T, Li H, Lillehaug A, Jonassen CM, Böckerman I, Handeland K. Malignant catarrhal fever in free-ranging cervids associated with OvHV-2 and CpHV-2 DNA. J Wildl Dis 2007; 42:797-807. [PMID: 17255446 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.4.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic lesions were summarized in 18 free-ranging cervids (15 moose [Alces alces], two roe deer [Capreolus capreolus], and one red deer [Cervus elaphus]) diagnosed with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) after examination at the National Veterinary Institute, Oslo 1982-2005. Eye lesions (conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, fibrin clots in the anterior eye chamber) were the most frequent gross finding. Erosive-ulcerative mucosal lesions in the nose and mouth were also commonly found. Histopathology revealed a nonpurulent vasculitis and perivasculitis in the central nervous system (CNS) typical of MCF in 16 of the cases. The diagnosis in the remaining two animals was based upon histologic eye lesions consistent with MCF (CNS not available for examination). Polymerase chain reaction was run on samples from 15 individuals for evidence of MCF-virus DNA, and ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) DNA was detected in five moose, one roe deer, and one red deer, and caprine herpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) DNA was detected in two moose and one roe deer. Sera from 1,000 free-ranging cervids were tested for specific antibodies to MCF-associated viruses (MCFV) by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalences were: red deer 5%, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) 4%, roe deer 2%, and moose 0.4% (n = 250 for all four species). The results indicate that sheep and goat MCFV may cause serious disease in wild moose, roe deer, and red deer. The seropositive cervids most likely represent individuals infected with either OvHV-2 or CpHV-2, but may also reflect infections with other related MCFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turid Vikøren
- Section for Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Kupfer B, Simon A, Jonassen CM, Viazov S, Ditt V, Tillmann RL, Müller A, Matz B, Schildgen O. Two cases of severe obstructive pneumonia associated with an HKU1-like coronavirus. Eur J Med Res 2007; 12:134-8. [PMID: 17507310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last few years a number of previously undescribed viruses, including human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses SARS, NL63 and HKU1, and bocavirus, were identified in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with signs of respiratory infections. These viruses may cause mild to life-threatening infections. OBJECTIVES Nasopharyngeal samples from hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory disease were analysed for the presence of coronaviruses and other well known and newly identified respiratory viruses. RESULTS Two clinical cases of a severe obstructive pneumonia, which were associated with the presence of RNA of a novel variant (subtype) of HKU1 coronavirus in the nasopharyngeal aspirates, were identified. DISCUSSION The detection of a HKU1-like coronavirus in pediatric patients in the current study complement the most recent independent finding of similar or closely related coronaviruses in patients with respiratory diseases in France (Vabret et al. 2006) and Norway (Jonassen et al., see accompanying manuscript). These observations indicate a wide dissemination of HKU1-like coronaviruses in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kupfer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Gjerset B, Jonassen CM, Rimstad E. Natural transmission and comparative analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses in the Norwegian sheep and goat populations. Virus Res 2007; 125:153-61. [PMID: 17240470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serological surveys for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections have revealed seropositive sheep in several mixed herds, where sheep are kept together with seropositive goats. Here we have examined the genetic relationships in LTR, pol and env surface unit (SU) and the growth patterns in goat (GSM) and sheep (FOS) synovial membrane cell cultures of SRLV isolates obtained from both mixed and single species herds. Phylogenetic analyses of pol and env SU revealed that Norwegian SRLVs derived from both goat and sheep in mixed herds are distributed into group C, while isolates obtained from unmixed sheep flocks cluster in group A, together with maedi-visna-like representatives of the A1 subtype. In this study, the direction of group C virus transmission is proposed to be from goat to sheep. The replication efficiency in GSM and FOS cultures and the cytopathic phenotype induced by the SRLV isolates gave no indication of any species-specific characteristics. No particular nucleotide sequences of the LTR-U3 region or env SU were identified that could be related to cytopathic phenotype. This study shows that sheep in Norway harbour SRLVs belonging to phylogenetic groups A and C, and this provides further evidence for cross-species infection being a regular characteristic of SRLVs, which may represent an important source for viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Gjerset
- Department of Food Safety & Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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