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Xi M, Yan Y, Duan S, Li T, Szeto IMY, Zhao A. Short-chain fatty acids in breast milk and their relationship with the infant gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356462. [PMID: 38440144 PMCID: PMC10909814 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contained in breast milk play a key role in infant growth, affecting metabolism and enhancing intestinal immunity by regulating inflammation. Methods In order to examine the associations between the microbiota and SCFA levels in breast milk, and explore the roles of SCFAs in regulating the infant gut microbiota, we enrolled 50 paired mothers and infants and collected both breast milk and infant fecal samples. Breast milk SCFA contents were determined by UPLC-MS, and whole genome shotgun sequencing was applied to determine the microbial composition of breast milk and infant feces. The SCFA levels in breast milk were grouped into tertiles as high, medium, or low, and the differences of intestinal microbiota and KEGG pathways were compared among groups. Results The results demonstrated that breast milk butyric acid (C4) is significantly associated with Clostridium leptum richness in breastmilk. Additionally, the specific Bifidobacterium may have an interactive symbiosis with the main species of C4-producing bacteria in human milk. Women with a low breast milk C4 tertile are associated with a high abundance of Salmonella and Salmonella enterica in their infants' feces. KEGG pathway analysis further showed that the content of C4 in breast milk is significantly correlated with the infants' metabolic pathways of lysine and arginine biosynthesis. Discussion This study suggests that interactive symbiosis of the microbiota exists in breast milk. Certain breast milk microbes could be beneficial by producing C4 and further influence the abundance of certain gut microbes in infants, playing an important role in early immune and metabolic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yalu Yan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Li
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Hurst JH, Heston SM, Kelly MS. Host microbiome-pathogen interactions in pediatric infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023; 36:399-404. [PMID: 37462955 PMCID: PMC10529085 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss recent research that has furthered our understanding of microbiome development during childhood, the role of the microbiome in infections during this life stage, and emerging opportunities for microbiome-based therapies for infection prevention or treatment in children. RECENT FINDINGS The microbiome is highly dynamic during childhood and shaped by a variety of host and environmental factors. In turn, the microbiome influences risk and severity of a broad range of infections during childhood, with recent studies highlighting potential roles in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and systemic infections. The microbiome exerts this influence through both direct interactions with potential pathogens and indirectly through modulation of host immune responses. The elucidation of some of these mechanisms by recent studies and the development of effective microbiome-based therapies for adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection highlight the enormous promise that targeting the microbiome has for reducing the burden of infectious diseases during childhood. SUMMARY The microbiome has emerged as a key modifier of infection susceptibility and severity among children. Further research is needed to define the roles of microbes other than bacteria and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying microbiome-host and microbiome-pathogen interactions of importance to infectious diseases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian H. Hurst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah M. Heston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew S. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Nilsen M, Rehbinder EM, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Killingstad ME, Nordlund B, Ormaasen I, Skjerven HO, Snipen L, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Sørensen R, Vettukattil R, Wilborn LM, Rudi K. A Globally Distributed Bacteroides caccae Strain Is the Most Prevalent Mother-Child Shared Bacteroidaceae Strain in a Large Scandinavian Cohort. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0078923. [PMID: 37338379 PMCID: PMC10370313 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, members of the family Bacteroidaceae, are among the first microbes to colonize the human infant gut. While it is known that these microbes can be transmitted from mother to child, our understanding of the specific strains that are shared and potentially transmitted is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the shared strains of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola in mothers and their infants. We analyzed fecal samples from pregnant woman recruited at 18 weeks of gestation from the PreventADALL study, as well as offspring samples from early infancy, including skin swab samples taken within 10 min after birth, the first available fecal sample (meconium), and fecal samples at 3 months of age. We screened 464 meconium samples for Bacteroidaceae, with subsequent selection of 144 mother-child pairs for longitudinal analysis, based on the presence of Bacteroidaceae, longitudinal sample availability, and delivery mode. Our results showed that Bacteroidaceae members were mainly detected in samples from vaginally delivered infants. We identified high prevalences of Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phocaeicola dorei, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in mothers and vaginally born infants. However, at the strain level, we observed high prevalences of only two strains: a B. caccae strain and a P. vulgatus strain. Notably, the B. caccae strain was identified as a novel component of mother-child shared strains, and its high prevalence was also observed in publicly available metagenomes worldwide. Our findings suggest that mode of delivery may play a role in shaping the early colonization of the infant gut microbiota, in particular the colonization of Bacteroidaceae members. IMPORTANCE Our study provides evidence that Bacteroidaceae strains present on infants' skin within 10 min after birth, in meconium samples, and in fecal samples at 3 months of age in vaginally delivered infants are shared with their mothers. Using strain resolution analyses, we identified two strains, belonging to Bacteroides caccae and Phocaeicola vulgatus, as shared between mothers and their infants. Interestingly, the B. caccae strain showed a high prevalence worldwide, while the P. vulgatus strain was less common. Our findings also showed that vaginal delivery was associated with early colonization of Bacteroidaceae members, whereas cesarean section delivery was associated with delayed colonization. Given the potential for these microbes to influence the colonic environment, our results suggest that understanding the bacterial-host relationship at the strain level may have implications for infant health and development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Ormaasen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Regina Sørensen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Marie Wilborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Ozen M, Piloquet H, Schaubeck M. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Clinical Potential of a Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Milk. Nutrients 2023; 15:2207. [PMID: 37432320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides the ideal nutrition for infants. Human milk contains a plethora of functional ingredients which foster the development of the immune system. The human milk microbiota predominantly contributes to this protective effect. This is mediated by various mechanisms, such as an antimicrobial effect, pathogen exclusion and barrier integrity, beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota, vitamin synthesis, immunity enhancement, secreted probiotic factors, and postbiotic mechanisms. Therefore, human milk is a good source for isolating probiotics for infants who cannot be exclusively breastfed. One such probiotic which was isolated from human milk is Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716. In this review, we give an overview of available interventional studies using Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and summarise preclinical trials in several animal models of different pathologies, which have given first insights into its mechanisms of action. We present several randomised clinical studies, which have been conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 strain in supporting the host's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Ozen
- School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hugues Piloquet
- Department of Paediatric Chronic Diseases, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
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Xi M, Na X, Ma X, Lan H, Sun T, Liu WH, Hung W, Zhao A. Maternal diet associated with infants' intestinal microbiota mediated by predominant long-chain fatty acid in breast milk. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1004175. [PMID: 36687649 PMCID: PMC9852834 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-chain fatty acids in breast milk are affected by the mother's diet and play an important role in the growth, development, and immune construction of infants. This study aims to explore the correlation between maternal diet, breast milk fatty acids (FAs), and the infant intestinal flora. Methods We enrolled 56 paired mothers and their infants; both breast milk samples and infants' fecal samples were collected to determine the long-chain FA content of breast milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and metagenomic technology was applied to determine the microbial composition of infant feces. The maternal diet was also investigated using a 24-h dietary recall. Results The results indicated that the fat contribution rates of edible oils in the maternal diet are significantly positively correlated with the contents of certain long-chain fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1, C16:1, and C22:4) in breast milk, which mainly regulate the abundance of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus fermentum, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the infant gut. Through KEGG pathway analysis, our data revealed that the long-chain FAs in different groups of breast milk were significantly correlated with the pathways of biotin metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Discussion The results of this study suggest a pathway in which the diets of lactating mothers may affect the composition of the infant intestinal microbiota by influencing breast milk FAs and then further regulating infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Weilian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Weilian Hung,
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Ai Zhao,
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6
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Liu Y, Yang H. Editorial: The origin and establishment process of gut microbiota in early life. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1155660. [PMID: 36937287 PMCID: PMC10018120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
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Versluis DM, Schoemaker R, Looijesteijn E, Muysken D, Jeurink PV, Paques M, Geurts JMW, Merks RMH. A Multiscale Spatiotemporal Model Including a Switch from Aerobic to Anaerobic Metabolism Reproduces Succession in the Early Infant Gut Microbiota. mSystems 2022; 7:e0044622. [PMID: 36047700 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota starts to form immediately after birth and is important for the health of the host. During the first days, facultatively anaerobic bacterial species generally dominate, such as Enterobacteriaceae. These are succeeded by strictly anaerobic species, particularly Bifidobacterium species. An early transition to Bifidobacterium species is associated with health benefits; for example, Bifidobacterium species repress growth of pathogenic competitors and modulate the immune response. Succession to Bifidobacterium is thought to be due to consumption of intracolonic oxygen present in newborns by facultative anaerobes, including Enterobacteriaceae. To study if oxygen depletion suffices for the transition to Bifidobacterium species, here we introduced a multiscale mathematical model that considers metabolism, spatial bacterial population dynamics, and cross-feeding. Using publicly available metabolic network data from the AGORA collection, the model simulates ab initio the competition of strictly and facultatively anaerobic species in a gut-like environment under the influence of lactose and oxygen. The model predicts that individual differences in intracolonic oxygen in newborn infants can explain the observed individual variation in succession to anaerobic species, in particular Bifidobacterium species. Bifidobacterium species became dominant in the model by their use of the bifid shunt, which allows Bifidobacterium to switch to suboptimal yield metabolism with fast growth at high lactose concentrations, as predicted here using flux balance analysis. The computational model thus allows us to test the internal plausibility of hypotheses for bacterial colonization and succession in the infant colon. IMPORTANCE The composition of the infant microbiota has a great impact on infant health, but its controlling factors are still incompletely understood. The frequently dominant anaerobic Bifidobacterium species benefit health, e.g., they can keep harmful competitors under control and modulate the intestinal immune response. Controlling factors could include nutritional composition and intestinal mucus composition, as well as environmental factors, such as antibiotics. We introduce a modeling framework of a metabolically realistic intestinal microbial ecology in which hypothetical scenarios can be tested and compared. We present simulations that suggest that greater levels of intraintestinal oxygenation more strongly delay the dominance of Bifidobacterium species, explaining the observed variety of microbial composition and demonstrating the use of the model for hypothesis generation. The framework allowed us to test a variety of controlling factors, including intestinal mixing and transit time. Future versions will also include detailed modeling of oligosaccharide and mucin metabolism.
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Roswall J, Olsson LM, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Nilsson S, Tremaroli V, Simon MC, Kiilerich P, Akrami R, Krämer M, Uhlén M, Gummesson A, Kristiansen K, Dahlgren J, Bäckhed F. Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:765-776.e3. [PMID: 33794185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut is inhabited by a densely populated ecosystem, the gut microbiota, that is established at birth. However, the succession by which different bacteria are incorporated into the gut microbiota is still relatively unknown. Here, we analyze the microbiota from 471 Swedish children followed from birth to 5 years of age, collecting samples after 4 and 12 months and at 3 and 5 years of age as well as from their mothers at birth using 16S rRNA gene profiling. We also compare their microbiota to an adult Swedish population. Genera follow 4 different colonization patterns during establishment where Methanobrevibacter and Christensenellaceae colonize late and do not reached adult levels at 5 years. These late colonizers correlate with increased alpha diversity in both children and adults. By following the children through age-specific community types, we observe that children have individual dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Roswall
- Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Department of Pediatrics, Halmstad, Sweden; Gothenburg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Olsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rozita Akrami
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manuela Krämer
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Anders Gummesson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Gothenburg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Navarro-Tapia E, Sebastiani G, Sailer S, Toledano LA, Serra-Delgado M, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Probiotic Supplementation During the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on Gut Dysbiosis and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2243. [PMID: 32727119 PMCID: PMC7468726 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period is crucial to the establishment of lifelong gut microbiota. The abundance and composition of microbiota can be altered by several factors such as preterm delivery, formula feeding, infections, antibiotic treatment, and lifestyle during pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis affects the development of innate and adaptive immune responses and resistance to pathogens, promoting atopic diseases, food sensitization, and infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Recent studies have indicated that the gut microbiota imbalance can be restored after a single or multi-strain probiotic supplementation, especially mixtures of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Following the systematic search methodology, the current review addresses the importance of probiotics as a preventive or therapeutic tool for dysbiosis produced during the perinatal and infant period. We also discuss the safety of the use of probiotics in pregnant women, preterm neonates, or infants for the treatment of atopic diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giorgia Sebastiani
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sailer
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Almeida Toledano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Castanet M, Costalos C, Haiden N, Hascoet JM, Berger B, Sprenger N, Grathwohl D, Brüssow H, De Groot N, Steenhout P, Pecquet S, Benyacoub J, Picaud JC. Early Effect of Supplemented Infant Formulae on Intestinal Biomarkers and Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1481. [PMID: 32443684 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-natal gut maturation in infants interrelates maturation of the morphology, digestive, and immunological functions and gut microbiota development. Here, we explored both microbiota development and markers of gut barrier and maturation in healthy term infants during their early life to assess the interconnection of gut functions during different infant formulae regimes. Methods: A total of 203 infants were enrolled in this randomized double-blind controlled trial including a breastfed reference group. Infants were fed starter formulae for the first four weeks of life, supplemented with different combination of nutrients (lactoferrin, probiotics (Bifidobacterium animal subsp. Lactis) and prebiotics (Bovine Milk-derived Oligosaccharides—BMOS)) and subsequently fed the control formula up to eight weeks of life. Stool microbiota profiles and biomarkers of early gut maturation, calprotectin (primary outcome), elastase, α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and neopterin were measured in feces at one, two, four, and eight weeks. Results: Infants fed formula containing BMOS had lower mean calprotectin levels over the first two to four weeks compared to the other formula groups. Elastase and AAT levels were closer to levels observed in breastfed infants. No differences were observed for neopterin. Global differences between the bacterial communities of all groups were assessed by constrained multivariate analysis with hypothesis testing. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) at genus level showed overlap between microbiota profiles at one and four weeks of age in the BMOS supplemented formula group with the breastfed reference, dominated by bifidobacteria. Microbiota profiles of all groups at four weeks were significantly associated with the calprotectin levels at 4 (CCA, p = 0.018) and eight weeks of age (CCA, p = 0.026). Conclusion: A meaningful correlation was observed between changes in microbiota composition and gut maturation marker calprotectin. The supplementation with BMOS seems to favor gut maturation closer to that of breastfed infants.
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11
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Simione M, Harshman SG, Castro I, Linnemann R, Roche B, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Raspini B, Portale S, Camargo CA, Taveras EM, Hasegawa K, Fiechtner L. Maternal Fish Consumption in Pregnancy Is Associated with a Bifidobacterium-Dominant Microbiome Profile in Infants. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzz133. [PMID: 31875205 PMCID: PMC6923185 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
National guidelines suggest that pregnant women consume 2-3 servings of fish weekly and often focus exclusively on limiting mercury exposure. We examined if meeting this recommendation in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with differences in infant fecal microbiota composition and diversity. We used multinomial regression to analyze data from 114 infant-mother dyads. Applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified 3 infant fecal microbiota profiles: Bifidobacterium dominant, Enterobacter dominant, and Escherichia dominant. We found that 20% of mothers met the recommended fish consumption, and those infants whose mothers met the recommendation were more likely to have a Bifidobacterium-dominant profile than an Escherichia-dominant profile (RR ratio: 4.61; 95% CI: 1.40, 15.15; P = 0.01). In multivariable models, the significant association persisted (P < 0.05). Our findings support the need to expand recommendations focusing on the beneficial effects of fish consumption on the infant fecal microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Simione
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ines Castro
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Linnemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brianna Roche
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology, and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benedetta Raspini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine-Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Sandra Portale
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine-Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Abstract
Human milk is a unique and complex fluid that provides infant nutrition and delivers an array of bioactive molecules that serve various functions. Glycans, abundant in milk, can be found as free oligosaccharides or as glycoconjugates. Milk glycans are increasingly linked to beneficial outcomes in neonates through protection from pathogens and modulation of the immune system. Indeed, these glycans influence the development of the infant and the infant-gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium species commonly are enriched in breastfed infants and are among a limited group of bacteria that readily consume human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk glycoconjugates. Given the importance of bifidobacteria in infant health, numerous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms they employ to consume HMOs and milk glycans, thus providing insight into this unique enrichment and shedding light on a range of translational opportunities to benefit at-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kirmiz
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Randall C Robinson
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Ishita M Shah
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Daniela Barile
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - David A Mills
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; .,Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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13
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Wang S, Ryan CA, Boyaval P, Dempsey EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Maternal Vertical Transmission Affecting Early-life Microbiota Development. Trends Microbiol 2019; 28:28-45. [PMID: 31492538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association of the human microbiome with health outcomes has attracted much interest toward its therapeutic manipulation. The likelihood of modulating the human microbiome in early life is high and offers great potential to exert profound effects on human development since the early microbiota shows more flexibility compared to that of adults. The human microbiota, being similar to human genetics, can be transmitted from mother to infant, providing insights into early microbiota acquisition, subsequent development, and potential opportunities for intervention. Here, we review adaptations of the maternal microbiota during pregnancy, birth, and infancy, the acquisition and succession of early-life microbiota, and highlight recent efforts to elucidate mother-to-infant microbiota transmission. We further discuss how the mother-to-infant microbial transmission is shaped; and finally we address potential directions for future studies to promote our understanding within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Wang
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Eugene M Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland; College of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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14
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Doo EH, Chassard C, Schwab C, Lacroix C. Effect of dietary nucleosides and yeast extracts on composition and metabolic activity of infant gut microbiota in PolyFermS colonic fermentation models. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3934649. [PMID: 28854667 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides (NT) and nucleosides (NS) are added to infant formula to mimic the content of breast milk, but little is known about their impact on infant gut microbiota. In this study, we tested the effect of NS and of yeast extracts (YE) with different NT content using PolyFermS continuous fermentation models mimicking formula-fed, healthy and enteropathogen-contaminated infant gut microbiota. Microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) formation and gene expression were determined. NS, and to a larger extend YE modulated microbiota composition and increased metabolic activity in both models. Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus/Pediococcus/Leuconostoc and Veillonella were enhanced when YE and/or NS were added. The production of SCFA increased with the level of supplied NT equivalents. Addition of NS and YE reduced colonization of Salmonella compared to control periods. Gene expression analysis confirmed taxonomical changes and indicated functional responses to YE. Transcripts related to NT and sulfur metabolism and iron acquisition increased while biosynthesis of co-factors and vitamins decreased after YE addition. Elevated butyrate formation correlated with increased transcripts encoding key enzymes of the two major butyrate synthesis pathways. Our results uncover a strong dose-dependent modulation of NS and YE on infant gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Doo
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chassard
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMRF, F-15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Petursdottir DH, Nordlander S, Qazi KR, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Ahmed Osman O, Hell E, Björkander S, Haileselassie Y, Navis M, Kokkinou E, Lio IZL, Hennemann J, Brodin B, Huseby DL, Nilsson C, Hughes D, Udekwu KI, Sverremark-Ekström E. Early-Life Human Microbiota Associated With Childhood Allergy Promotes the T Helper 17 Axis in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1699. [PMID: 29250074 PMCID: PMC5716970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota influences immune maturation during childhood, and is implicated in early-life allergy development. However, to directly study intestinal microbes and gut immune responses in infants is difficult. To investigate how different types of early-life gut microbiota affect immune development, we collected fecal samples from children with different allergic heredity (AH) and inoculated germ-free mice. Immune responses and microbiota composition were evaluated in the offspring of these mice. Microbial composition in the small intestine, the cecum and the colon were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. The intestinal microbiota differed markedly between the groups of mice, but only exposure to microbiota associated with AH and known future allergy in children resulted in a T helper 17 (Th17)-signature, both systemically and in the gut mucosa in the mouse offspring. These Th17 responses could be signs of a particular microbiota and a shift in immune development, ultimately resulting in an increased risk of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagbjort H Petursdottir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nordlander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Omneya Ahmed Osman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Hell
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marit Navis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Zong Long Lio
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Hennemann
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Brodin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas L Huseby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas I Udekwu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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López-Velázquez G, Parra-Ortiz M, Mora Ide L, García-Torres I, Enríquez-Flores S, Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Angel AG, Velázquez-Aragón J, Ortiz-Hernández R, Cruz-Rubio JM, Villa-Barragán P, Jiménez-Gutiérrez C, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P. Effects of Fructans from Mexican Agave in Newborns Fed with Infant Formula: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2015; 7:8939-51. [PMID: 26529006 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of prebiotics consumption is increasing all over the world due to their beneficial effects on health. Production of better prebiotics from endemic plants raises possibilities to enhance nutritional effects in vulnerable population groups. Fructans derived from Agave Plant have demonstrated their safety and efficacy as prebiotics in animal models. Recently, the safety in humans of two fructans obtained from Agave tequilana (Metlin(®) and Metlos(®)) was demonstrated. METHODS This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy as prebiotics of Metlin(®) and Metlos(®) in newborns of a randomized, double blind, controlled trial with a pilot study design. Biological samples were taken at 20 ± 7 days, and three months of age from healthy babies. Outcomes of efficacy include impact on immune response, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, bone metabolism, and gut bacteria changes. RESULTS There were differences statistically significant for the groups of infants fed only with infant formula and with formula enriched with Metlin(®) and Metlos(®). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the efficacy of Metlin(®) and Metlos(®) as prebiotics in humans, and stand the bases to recommend their consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 01251783.
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17
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Abstract
Human milk contains an unexpected abundance and diversity of complex oligosaccharides apparently indigestible by the developing infant and instead targeted to its cognate gastrointestinal microbiota. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based tools have provided a view of the oligosaccharide structures produced in milk across stages of lactation and among human mothers. One postulated function for these oligosaccharides is to enrich a specific "healthy" microbiota containing bifidobacteria, a genus commonly observed in the feces of breast-fed infants. Isolated culture studies indeed show selective growth of infant-borne bifidobacteria on milk oligosaccharides or core components therein. Parallel glycoprofiling documented that numerous Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis strains preferentially consume small mass oligosaccharides that are abundant early in the lactation cycle. Genome sequencing of numerous B. longum subsp. infantis strains shows a bias toward genes required to use mammalian-derived carbohydrates by comparison with adult-borne bifidobacteria. This intriguing strategy of mammalian lactation to selectively nourish genetically compatible bacteria in infants with a complex array of free oligosaccharides serves as a model of how to influence the human supraorganismal system, which includes the gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Zivkovic
- Foods for Health Institute
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Functional Glycobiology Program
| | - J. Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Functional Glycobiology Program
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute
- Functional Glycobiology Program
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
| | - David A. Mills
- Foods for Health Institute
- Functional Glycobiology Program
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, and
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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