1
|
Andrabi M, Upton BA, Lang RA, Vemaraju S. An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:245-267. [PMID: 37196422 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-094018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms that directly harness light energy (plants) or decode light information for adaptive advantage. In animals, the main light sensors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function is best described for the visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins for extraocular light sensing for seasonal behavior and camouflage. While it has long been believed that mammals do not have an extraocular light sensing capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) and neuropsin (OPN5) are both known to mediate extraocular light sensing in mice. Examples of this mediation include photoentrainment of circadian clocks in skin (by OPN5) and acute light-dependent regulation of metabolic pathways (by OPN3 and OPN5). This review summarizes current findings in the expanding field of extraocular photoreception and their relevance for human physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutahar Andrabi
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Areshidze DA, Kozlova MA, Mnikhovich MV, Bezuglova TV, Chernikov VP, Gioeva ZV, Borisov AV. Influence of Various Light Regimes on Morphofunctional Condition of Transplantable Melanoma B16. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041135. [PMID: 37189753 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of the morphofunctional condition of mice with transplantable melanoma B16 under the influence of a normal daylight regime, constant lighting and constant darkness was conducted. It was shown that exposure to constant lighting leads to intensification of the proliferation of melanoma cells, more significant growth and spread of the tumor, the development of more pronounced secondary changes, the presence of perivascular growth and an increase in perineural invasion. At the same time, keeping of animals in constant darkness significantly reduced the intensity of the proliferative process in the tumor and lead to tumor regression in the absence of signs of lympho-, intravascular and intraneural invasion. Intergroup differences in tumor cell status were confirmed by the results of micromorphometric studies. It was also shown that the expression of clock genes was suppressed by an exposure to constant light, while an influence of constant darkness, on contrary, led to its intensification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Areshidze
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Kozlova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Mnikhovich
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Bezuglova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery P Chernikov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zarina V Gioeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Borisov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 117418 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karthikeyan R, Davies WI, Gunhaga L. Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
|
4
|
Salazar A, von Hagen J. Circadian Oscillations in Skin and Their Interconnection with the Cycle of Life. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065635. [PMID: 36982706 PMCID: PMC10051430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodically oscillating biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, are carefully concerted events that are only beginning to be understood in the context of tissue pathology and organismal health, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. Recent reports indicate that light can independently entrain peripheral circadian clocks, challenging the currently prevalent hierarchical model. Despite the recent progress that has been made, a comprehensive overview of these periodic processes in skin is lacking in the literature. In this review, molecular circadian clock machinery and the factors that govern it have been highlighted. Circadian rhythm is closely linked to immunological processes and skin homeostasis, and its desynchrony can be linked to the perturbation of the skin. The interplay between circadian rhythm and annual, seasonal oscillations, as well as the impact of these periodic events on the skin, is described. Finally, the changes that occur in the skin over a lifespan are presented. This work encourages further research into the oscillating biological processes occurring in the skin and lays the foundation for future strategies to combat the adverse effects of desynchrony, which would likely have implications in other tissues influenced by periodic oscillatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Salazar
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
- ryon—GreenTech Accelerator Gernsheim GmbH, Mainzer Str. 41, 64579 Gernsheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sua-Cespedes C, Lacerda JT, Zanetti G, David DD, Moraes MN, de Assis LVM, Castrucci AML. Melanopsin (OPN4) is a novel player in skin homeostasis and attenuates UVA-induced effects. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B: BIOLOGY 2023; 242:112702. [PMID: 37018912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of melanopsin (OPN4) has been shown in cultured murine melanocytes and was associated with ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) reception. Here we demonstrated the protective role of OPN4 in skin physiology and the increased UVA-induced damage in its absence. Histological analysis showed a thicker dermis and thinner hypodermal white adipose tissue layer in Opn4-/- (KO) mice than in wild-type (WT) animals. Proteomics analyses revealed molecular signatures associated with proteolysis, remodeling chromatin, DNA damage response (DDR), immune response, and oxidative stress coupled with antioxidant responses in the skin of Opn4 KO mice compared to WT. Skin protein variants were found in Opn4 KO mice and Opn2, Opn3, and Opn5 gene expressions were increased in the genotype. We investigated each genotype response to UVA stimulus (100 kJ/m2). We found an increase of Opn4 gene expression following stimulus on the skin of WT mice suggesting melanopsin as a UVA sensor. Proteomics findings suggest that UVA decreases DDR pathways associated with ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the skin of Opn4 KO mice. Relative changes in methylation (H3-K79) and acetylation sites of histone between genotypes and differentially modulated by UVA stimulus were also observed. We also identified alterations of molecular traits of the central hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) and the skin HPA-like axes in the absence of OPN4. Higher skin corticosterone levels were detected in UVA-stimulated Opn4 KO compared to irradiated WT mice. Taken altogether, functional proteomics associated with gene expression experiments allowed a high-throughput evaluation that suggests an important protective role of OPN4 in regulating skin physiology in the presence and absence of UVA radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Sua-Cespedes
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Thalles Lacerda
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Zanetti
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dantas David
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria L Castrucci
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang W, Zeng W, Feng J, Li P, Wang Y, Lu H. Identification and functional assays of single-nucleotide variants of opsins genes in melanocytic tumors. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:436-449. [PMID: 35527357 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal melanocytes sense solar light via the opsin-coupled signaling pathway which is involved in a range of biological functions, including regulating pigmentation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains unclear whether there are genetic variants within these opsins that affect opsin protein structure and function, and further melanocyte biological behaviors. Here, we examined single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of five opsin (RGR, OPN1SW, OPN2, OPN4, and OPN5) genes in MM (malignant melanoma; n = 76) and MN (melanocytic nevi; n = 157), using next-generation sequencing. The effects of these pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) on opsin structure and function were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross-correlation (DCC), and site-directed mutagenesis. In total, 107 SNV variants were identified. Of these variants, 14 nonsynonymous SNVs (nsSNVs) of opsin genes were detected, including three mutations in the RGR gene, three mutations in the OPN1SW gene, two mutations in the OPN2 gene, and six mutations in the OPN4 gene. The effect of these missense mutations on opsin function was then assessed using eight prediction tools to estimate the potential impact of an amino acid substitution. The impact of each nsSNV was investigated using MD simulations and DCC analysis. Furthermore, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of nsSNV proteins using a site-directed mutagenesis method. Taken together, these results revealed that p.A103V (RGR), p.T167I (RGR), p.G141S (OPN1SW), p.R144C (OPN1SW), and p.S231F (OPN4) had more deleterious effects on protein structure and function among the 14 nsSNVs. Opsin gene alterations showed the low frequency of missense mutations in melanocytic tumors, and although rare, some mutations in these opsin genes disrupt the canonical function of opsin. Our findings provide new insight into the role of opsin variants in the loss of function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Assis LVM, Lacerda JT, Moraes MN, Domínguez-Amorocho OA, Kinker GS, Mendes D, Silva MM, Menck CFM, Câmara NOS, Castrucci AMDL. Melanopsin (Opn4) is an oncogene in cutaneous melanoma. Commun Biol 2022; 5:461. [PMID: 35562405 PMCID: PMC9106662 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new therapeutical targets for cutaneous melanoma and other cancers is an ongoing task. We expanded this knowledge by evaluating whether opsins, light- and thermo-sensing proteins, could display tumor-modulatory effects on melanoma cancer. Using different experimental approaches, we show that melanoma cell proliferation is slower in the absence of Opn4, compared to Opn4WT due to an impaired cell cycle progression and reduced melanocyte inducing transcription factor (Mitf) expression. In vivo tumor progression of Opn4KO cells is remarkably reduced due to slower proliferation, and higher immune system response in Opn4KO tumors. Using pharmacological assays, we demonstrate that guanylyl cyclase activity is impaired in Opn4KO cells. Evaluation of Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database confirms our experimental data as reduced MITF and OPN4 expression in human melanoma correlates with slower cell cycle progression and presence of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Proteomic analyses of tumor bulk show that the reduced growth of Opn4KO tumors is associated with reduced Mitf signaling, higher translation of G2/M proteins, and impaired guanylyl cyclase activity. Conversely, in Opn4WT tumors increased small GTPase and an immune-suppressive TME are found. Such evidence points to OPN4 as an oncogene in melanoma, which could be pharmacologically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - José Thalles Lacerda
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology A. C. Camargo Cancer Center - International Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|