1
|
Aerogel-Based Single-Ion Magnets: A Case Study of a Cobalt(II) Complex Immobilized in Silica. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010418. [PMID: 36615607 PMCID: PMC9824035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical immobilization of cobalt(II) ions in a silica aerogel matrix enabled the synthesis of the first representative example of aerogel-based single-ion magnets. For the synthesis of the lyogels, methyl-trimethoxysilane and N-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ethylenediamine were co-hydrolyzed, then the ethylenediamine groups that were immobilized on the silica matrix enabled the subsequent binding of cobalt(II) ions. Lyogels with various amounts of ethylenediamine moieties (0.1-15 mol %) were soaked in isopropanol solutions of cobalt(II) nitrate and further supercritically dried in carbon dioxide to obtain aerogels with a specific surface area of 210-596 m2·g-1, an apparent density of 0.403-0.740 cm3·g-1 and a porosity of 60-78%. The actual cobalt content in the aerogels was 0.01-1.50 mmol per 1 g of SiO2, which could easily be tuned by the concentration of ethylenediamine moieties in the silica matrix. The introduction of cobalt(II) ions into the ethylenediamine-modified silica aerogel promoted the stability of the diamine moieties at the supercritical drying stage. The molecular prototype of the immobilized cobalt(II) complex, bearing one ethylenediamine ligand [Co(en)(MeCN)(NO3)2], was synthesized and structurally characterized. Using magnetometry in the DC mode, it was shown that cobalt(II)-modified silica aerogels exhibited slow magnetic relaxation in a nonzero field. A decrease in cobalt(II) concentration in aerogels from 1.5 mmol to 0.14 mmol per 1 g of SiO2 resulted in a weakening of inter-ion interactions; the magnetization reversal energy barrier likewise increased from 4 to 18 K.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma M, Chen J, Liu H, Huang Z, Huang F, Li Q, Xu Y. A review on chiral metal-organic frameworks: synthesis and asymmetric applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13405-13427. [PMID: 36070182 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01772e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have the characteristics of framework structure diversity and functional tunability, and have important applications in the fields of chiral identification, separation of enantiomers and asymmetric catalysis. In recent years, the application of CMOFs has also been extended to other research fields, such as circularly polarized fluorescence and chiral ferroelectrics. Compared with achiral MOFs, the design of CMOFs only considers the modes of introduction of chirality, and also takes into account the crystallization and purification. Therefore, the synthesis and characterization of CMOFs face many difficult challenges. This review discusses three effective strategies for constructing CMOFs, including direct synthesis of chiral ligands, spontaneous resolution of achiral ligands or chiral template-induced synthesis, and post-synthetic chiralization of achiral MOFs. In addition, this review also discusses the recent application progress of CMOFs in chiral molecular recognition, enantiomer separation, asymmetric catalysis, circularly polarized fluorescence, and chiral ferroelectrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghua Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanliang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Atzori M, Ludowieg HD, Valentín-Pérez Á, Cortijo M, Breslavetz I, Paillot K, Rosa P, Train C, Autschbach J, Hillard EA, Rikken GLJA. Validation of microscopic magnetochiral dichroism theory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg2859. [PMID: 33883144 PMCID: PMC8059922 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetochiral dichroism (MChD), a fascinating manifestation of the light-matter interaction characteristic for chiral systems under magnetic fields, has become a well-established optical phenomenon reported for many different materials. However, its interpretation remains essentially phenomenological and qualitative, because the existing microscopic theory has not been quantitatively confirmed by confronting calculations based on this theory with experimental data. Here, we report the experimental low-temperature MChD spectra of two archetypal chiral paramagnetic crystals taken as model systems, tris(1,2-diaminoethane)nickel(II) and cobalt(II) nitrate, for light propagating parallel or perpendicular to the c axis of the crystals, and the calculation of the MChD spectra for the Ni(II) derivative by state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations. By incorporating vibronic coupling, we find good agreement between experiment and theory, which opens the way for MChD to develop into a powerful chiral spectroscopic tool and provide fundamental insights for the chemical design of new magnetochiral materials for technological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Atzori
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, Toulouse and Grenoble, France
| | - H D Ludowieg
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Á Valentín-Pérez
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Cortijo
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - I Breslavetz
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, Toulouse and Grenoble, France
| | - K Paillot
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, Toulouse and Grenoble, France
| | - P Rosa
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - C Train
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, Toulouse and Grenoble, France
| | - J Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - E A Hillard
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - G L J A Rikken
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSA Toulouse, Univ. Paul Sabatier, EMFL, CNRS, Toulouse and Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cortijo M, Valentín-Pérez Á, Rogalev A, Wilhelm F, Sainctavit P, Rosa P, Hillard EA. Rapid Discrimination of Crystal Handedness by X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism (XNCD) Mapping. Chemistry 2020; 26:13363-13366. [PMID: 32598047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An original method for determining the handedness of individual non-centrosymmetric crystals in a mixture using a tightly-focused, circularly polarized X-ray beam is presented. The X-ray natural circular dichroism (XNCD) spectra recorded at the metal K-edge on selected crystals of [Δ-M(en)3 ](NO3 )2 and [Λ-M(en)3 ](NO3 )2 (M=CoII , NiII ) show extrema at the metal pre-edge (7712 eV for Co, 8335 eV for Ni). A mapping of a collection of some 220 crystals was performed at the respective energies by using left and right circular polarizations. The difference in absorption for the two polarizations, being either negative or positive, directly yielded the handedness of the crystal volume probed by the beam. By using this technique, it was found that the addition of l-ascorbic acid during the synthesis of [Co(en)3 ](NO3 )2 resulted in an enantiomeric enrichment of the Λ-isomer of 67±13 %, whereas the Ni analogue was similarly, but conversely, enriched in the Δ-isomer (65±22 %).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cortijo
- CNRS, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ángela Valentín-Pérez
- CNRS, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Andrei Rogalev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- IMPMC, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Rosa
- CNRS, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|