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Mari RDB, Mori GM, Vannucchi FS, Ribeiro LF, Correa CN, Lima SKS, Teixeira L, Sandretti‐Silva G, Nadaline J, Bornschein MR. Relationships of mineralized dermal layer of mountain endemic miniature frogs with climate. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. de B. Mari
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. M. Mori
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. S. Vannucchi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. F. Ribeiro
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - C. N. Correa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - S. K. S. Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - L. Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - G. Sandretti‐Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - J. Nadaline
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - M. R. Bornschein
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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Pie MR, Caron FS. Geographical range overlap networks and the macroecology of species co-occurrence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266275. [PMID: 35385515 PMCID: PMC8985969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct interactions among species are only possible if there is some overlap in their geographical distributions. However, despite intense focus of macroecological research on species geographical ranges, relatively little theoretical and empirical work has been done on the evolution of range overlap. In this study we explore a simple model of range overlap based on a log-normal distribution of species range sizes along a one-dimensional domain, with or without absorbing boundary conditions. In particular, we focus on the mean and variance of range overlap distributions, as well as the topology of the resulting overlap networks with respect to their degree distribution, evenness, and betweenness scores. According to the model, there is an approximately linear relationship between many aspects of the distribution of range overlaps and their underlying species distributions, such as their mean and variance. However, the expected mean number of non-zero range overlaps for a given species varied from linear to convex depending on the variance of the underlying geographical range distribution. The expected topology of range overlap networks varied substantially depending on the mean and variance in the corresponding geographical distributions, particularly in the case of the degree and closeness distributions. Finally, we test the expectations of our model against five datasets of altitudinal distributions of Neotropical birds. We found strong departures from the expectations based on our model, which could potentially result from phylogenetic niche conservatism related to altitudinal gradients in environmental conditions, or from the asymmetric colonization of mountains by species from lowlands. Potential applications of range overlap networks to a variety of ecological and evolutionary phenomena are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio R. Pie
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernanda S. Caron
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Bornschein MR, Nadaline J, Ribeiro LF, Sandretti-Silva G, Rivas MFF, Guerra BDM, Teixeira L. An estimate of the area of occupancy and population size of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) to reassess its conservation status, with a proposal for conservation measures. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12687. [PMID: 35036161 PMCID: PMC8710056 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We are experiencing a global crisis in conservation, which has led to the prioritization of targets, such as nations, regions, and animal groups, which are necessary while resources are disputed. Brazil is a priority not only because of its megadiversity, high rates of endemism, and frequent descriptions of new species but also because of its high levels of deforestation. Among the species groups prioritized for conservation is the anurans (Amphibia: Anura), the population of which is severely declining. One group of anurans is the genus Brachycephalus, which includes 37 endemic species in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Some of these species have highly restricted distributions (<100 ha). Thirty new species have been described since 2000, and 55.3% of all species are threatened with extinction. Brachycephalus tridactylus was only recently described and remains restricted to its type locality. Because of its reduced geographical distribution (0.41 km2), it has been proposed to be considered as Vulnerable. The objective of this study is to reevaluate the conservation status of Brachycephalus tridactylus and propose conservation measures. Methods We searched for new populations during 2016–2020, evaluated in loco impacts and potential impacts on the species’ population, and performed an analysis of the density of this population and estimated its size. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria were used to assess the conservation status of the species. Results We recorded the species in seven new localities (from 715–1,140 m above sea level) in the state of São Paulo up to 33 km from the type locality of the species (in state of Paraná). We estimated the area of occupancy as 148.44 km2, densities as one calling male per 4.05 m2 and 130.00 m2, and a total population size of 4,429,722 adult individuals. Based on our finding, we proposed three lines of management: (1) formation of fire brigades, (2) management of residents’ mules in the conservation unit and surrounding areas, and (3) management of degraded areas. We recommend changing the species’ conservation status from Vulnerable to Endangered because of its fragmented distribution and decline in the area of occupancy and in the quality of its habitat. Our results have expanded the species previous geographic distribution and delimited areas without previous records. Our estimates of population density and size are in accordance with those verified for congeners. The conservation of this species benefits the environments and other species that inhabit them, being, therefore, strategic for receiving conservation actions that will spread throughout the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Bornschein
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.,Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júnior Nadaline
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruno de Morais Guerra
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Teixeira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lyra ML, Monteiro JPC, Rancilhac L, Irisarri I, Künzel S, Sanchez E, Condez TH, Rojas-Padilla O, Solé M, Toledo LF, Haddad CFB, Vences M. Initial Phylotranscriptomic Confirmation of Homoplastic Evolution of the Conspicuous Coloration and Bufoniform Morphology of Pumpkin-Toadlets in the Genus Brachycephalus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:816. [PMID: 34822600 PMCID: PMC8620806 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Brachycephalus is a fascinating group of miniaturized anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, comprising the conspicuous, brightly colored pumpkin-toadlets and the cryptic flea-toads. Pumpkin-toadlets are known to contain tetrodotoxins and therefore, their bright colors may perform an aposematic function. Previous studies based on a limited number of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded markers supported the existence of two clades containing species of pumpkin-toadlet phenotype, but deep nodes remained largely unresolved or conflicting between data sets. We use new RNAseq data of 17 individuals from nine Brachycephalus species to infer their evolutionary relationships from a phylogenomic perspective. Analyses of almost 5300 nuclear-encoded ortholog protein-coding genes and full mitochondrial genomes confirmed the existence of two separate pumpkin-toadlet clades, suggesting the convergent evolution (or multiple reversals) of the bufoniform morphology, conspicuous coloration, and probably toxicity. In addition, the study of the mitochondrial gene order revealed that three species (B. hermogenesi, B. pitanga, and B. rotenbergae) display translocations of different tRNAs (NCY and CYA) from the WANCY tRNA cluster to a position between the genes ATP6 and COIII, showing a new mitochondrial gene order arrangement for vertebrates. The newly clarified phylogeny suggests that Brachycephalus has the potential to become a promising model taxon to understand the evolution of coloration, body plan and toxicity. Given that toxicity information is available for only few species of Brachycephalus, without data for any flea-toad species, we also emphasize the need for a wider screening of toxicity across species, together with more in-depth functional and ecological study of their phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L. Lyra
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade (Campus Rio Claro), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, N 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.); (J.P.C.M.); (C.F.B.H.)
| | - Juliane P. C. Monteiro
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade (Campus Rio Claro), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, N 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.); (J.P.C.M.); (C.F.B.H.)
| | - Loïs Rancilhac
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr, 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany;
| | - Eugenia Sanchez
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Thais H. Condez
- Unidade Passos, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Avenida Juca Stockler 1130, Passos 37900-106, MG, Brazil;
| | - Omar Rojas-Padilla
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Mirco Solé
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil;
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade (Campus Rio Claro), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, N 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.); (J.P.C.M.); (C.F.B.H.)
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.R.); (E.S.)
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Condez TH, Monteiro JP, Malagoli LR, Trevine VC, Schunck F, Garcia PC, Haddad CF. Notes on the Hyperossified Pumpkin Toadlets of the Genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the Description of a New Species. HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. Condez
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), 29.650–000, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Juliane P.C. Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506–900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leo R. Malagoli
- Fundação para a Conservação e a Produção Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo São Sebastião, 11600–000, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian C. Trevine
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503–900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Schunck
- Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos, www.cbro.org.br, 04785–040, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C.A. Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, 31270–910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506–900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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