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Nikitina M, Khramtsov P, Bochkova M, Rayev M. Development and performance of NLISA for C-reactive protein detection based on Prussian blue nanoparticle conjugates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3097-3106. [PMID: 38635074 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), also called nanozymes, are very attractive as an alternative to horseradish peroxidase in immunoassay development due to their simple and low-cost synthesis, stability and high catalytic activity. Today, there is a method for highly effective PBNP synthesis based on the reduction of an FeCl3/K3[Fe(CN)6] mixture by hydrogen peroxide. However, there is a lack of research showcasing the use of these highly effective PBNPs for specific target detection in clinical settings, as well as a lack of comprehensive comparisons with conventional methods. To address this gap, we prepared diagnostic reagents based on highly effective PBNPs by modifying them using gelatin and attaching anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) monoclonal antibodies through cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. As a result, a solid-phase colorimetric immunoassay in a sandwich format (nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay [NLISA]) using highly effective PBNPs as a label for CRP detection has been demonstrated for the first time. The assay demonstrated a detection limit of 21.8 pg/mL, along with acceptable selectivity, precision (CV < 25%) and accuracy (the recovery index was within acceptable limits (75-125%) for LLOQ /ULOQ range. The analytical performance of this method is on par with sensitive assays developed in the last 5 years. Notably, the results obtained from NLISA align with those from an immunofluorescence assay conducted by a certified clinical laboratory. Furthermore, this study underscores the technological challenges involved in constructing an analysis that necessitate further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikitina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Urals Branch of RAS, Perm, Russia.
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, Perm, Russia.
| | - Pavel Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Urals Branch of RAS, Perm, Russia
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Urals Branch of RAS, Perm, Russia
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Mikhail Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Urals Branch of RAS, Perm, Russia
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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Harvey IB, Chilewski SD, Bhosale D, Tobia SE, Gray C, Gleason C, Haulenbeek J. Overcoming Lot-to-Lot Variability in Protein Activity Using Epitope-Specific Calibration-Free Concentration Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6275-6281. [PMID: 38600735 PMCID: PMC11044105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Concentration determination is a fundamental hallmark of protein reagent characterization, providing a means to ensure reproducibility and unify measurements from various assays. However, lot-to-lot differences in protein activity often still occur, leading to uncertainty in the accuracy of downstream measurements. Here, we postulate that those differences are caused by a misrepresentation of the protein concentration as measured by traditional total protein techniques, which can include multiple types of inactive protein species. To overcome this, we developed a standardized method to quantify a protein's active concentration via calibration-free concentration analysis (CFCA). As a pilot study, we compare the biophysical and immunoassay responses from three batches of recombinant soluble lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (sLAG3), as defined by either their total or active concentrations. Defining the sLAG3 reagents by their assay-specific concentration improved consistency in reported kinetic binding parameters and decreased immunoassay lot-to-lot coefficients of variation (CVs) by over 600% compared to the total protein concentration. These findings suggest that the total concentration of a protein reagent may not be the ideal metric to correlate in-assay signals between lots, and by instead quantifying the concentrations of a reagent's assay-specific epitopes, CFCA may prove a useful tool in overcoming lot-to-lot variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B. Harvey
- Translational
Sciences and Diagnostics, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Shannon D. Chilewski
- Translational
Sciences and Diagnostics, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Devyani Bhosale
- Translational
Sciences and Diagnostics, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Sarah E. Tobia
- Translational
Sciences and Diagnostics, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Christopher Gray
- Translational
Sciences and Diagnostics, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Carol Gleason
- Global
Biometrics and Data Sciences, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jonathan Haulenbeek
- Translational
Sciences and Diagnostics, Bristol-Myers
Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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Wenk D, Zuo C, Kislinger T, Sepiashvili L. Recent developments in mass-spectrometry-based targeted proteomics of clinical cancer biomarkers. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38287260 PMCID: PMC10826105 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Routine measurement of cancer biomarkers is performed for early detection, risk classification, and treatment monitoring, among other applications, and has substantially contributed to better clinical outcomes for patients. However, there remains an unmet need for clinically validated assays of cancer protein biomarkers. Protein tumor markers are of particular interest since proteins carry out the majority of biological processes and thus dynamically reflect changes in cancer pathophysiology. Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics is a powerful tool for absolute peptide and protein quantification in biological matrices with numerous advantages that make it attractive for clinical applications in oncology. The use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based methodologies has allowed laboratories to overcome challenges associated with immunoassays that are more widely used for tumor marker measurements. Yet, clinical implementation of targeted proteomics methodologies has so far been limited to a few cancer markers. This is due to numerous challenges associated with paucity of robust validation studies of new biomarkers and the labor-intensive and operationally complex nature of LC-MS/MS workflows. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of targeted proteomics applications in cancer, workflows used in targeted proteomics, and requirements for clinical validation and implementation of targeted proteomics assays. We will also discuss advantages and challenges of targeted MS-based proteomics assays for clinical cancer biomarker analysis and highlight some recent developments that will positively contribute to the implementation of this technique into clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Wenk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zuo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Room 9-807, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Lusia Sepiashvili
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Rm 3606, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sickkids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Johannsen B, Baumgartner D, Karpíšek M, Stejskal D, Boillat-Blanco N, Knüsli J, Panning M, Paust N, Zengerle R, Mitsakakis K. Patient Stratification for Antibiotic Prescriptions Based on the Bound-Free Phase Detection Immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein in Serum Samples. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1009. [PMID: 38131769 PMCID: PMC10741775 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein is a well-studied host response biomarker, whose diagnostic performance depends on its accurate classification into concentration zones defined by clinical scenario-specific cutoff values. We validated a newly developed, bead-based, bound-free phase detection immunoassay (BFPD-IA) versus a commercial CE-IVD enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and a commercial CE-IVD immunoturbidimetric assay (ITA) kit. The latter was performed on a fully automated DPC Konelab 60i clinical analyzer used in routine diagnosis. We classified 53 samples into concentration zones derived from four different sets of cutoff values that are related to antibiotic prescription scenarios in the case of respiratory tract infections. The agreements between the methods were ELISA/ITA at 87.7%, ELISA/BFPD-IA at 87.3%, and ITA/-BFPD-IA at 93.9%, reaching 98-99% in all cases when considering the calculated relative combined uncertainty of the single measurement of each sample. In a subgroup of 37 samples, which were analyzed for absolute concentration quantification, the scatter plot slopes' correlations were as follows: ELISA/ITA 1.15, R2 = 0.97; BFPD-IA/ELISA 1.12, R2 = 0.95; BFPD-IA/ITA 0.95, R2 = 0.93. These very good performances and the agreement between BFPD-IA and ITA (routine diagnostic), combined with BFPD-IA's functional advantages over ITA (and ELISA)-such as quick time to result (~20 min), reduced consumed reagents (only one assay buffer and no washing), few and easy steps, and compatibility with nucleic-acid-amplification instruments-render it a potential approach for a reliable, cost-efficient, evidence-based point-of-care diagnostic test for guiding antibiotic prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Stejskal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Noémie Boillat-Blanco
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Knüsli
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK–Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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