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Kim BJ, Kuhfeld RF, Haas JL, Anaya YM, Martinez RR, Sah BNP, Breen B, Newsham K, Malinczak CA, Dallas DC. Digestive Profiles of Human Milk, Recombinant Human and Bovine Lactoferrin: Comparing the Retained Intact Protein and Peptide Release. Nutrients 2024; 16:2360. [PMID: 39064803 PMCID: PMC11280017 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a major component of human milk. LF supplementation (currently bovine) supports the immune system and helps maintain iron homeostasis in adults. No recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) is available for commercial food use. To determine the extent to which rhLF (Effera™) produced by Komagataella phaffii digests similarly to hmLF, a validated in vitro digestion protocol was carried out. Bovine LF (bLF) was used as an additional control, as it is approved for use in various food categories. This study compared the extent of intact protein retention and the profile of peptides released in hmLF, bLF and rhLF (each with low and high iron saturation) across simulated adult gastric and intestinal digestion using gel electrophoresis, ELISA and LC-MS. Intact LF retention across digestion was similar across LF types, but the highest iron-saturated hmLF had greater retention in the simulated gastric fluid than all other sample types. Peptides identified in digested hmLF samples strongly correlated with digested rhLF samples (0.86 < r < 0.92 in the gastric phase and 0.63 < r < 0.70 in the intestinal phase), whereas digested bLF samples were significantly different. These findings support the potential for rhLF as a food ingredient for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
| | - Russell F. Kuhfeld
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
| | - Joanna L. Haas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Yanisa M. Anaya
- Helaina, New York, NY 10010, USA; (Y.M.A.); (R.R.M.); (B.B.); (K.N.); (C.-A.M.)
| | | | - Baidya Nath P. Sah
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
| | - Bella Breen
- Helaina, New York, NY 10010, USA; (Y.M.A.); (R.R.M.); (B.B.); (K.N.); (C.-A.M.)
| | - Kahler Newsham
- Helaina, New York, NY 10010, USA; (Y.M.A.); (R.R.M.); (B.B.); (K.N.); (C.-A.M.)
| | | | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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Zhu J, Liu M, Xing Y. Preterm birth and human milk proteome: are we ready for individualized fortification? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:216-222. [PMID: 35199659 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preterm birth is one of the most pressing clinical problems in obstetrics and neonatology worldwide. One of the most sophisticated components of human milk is the proteome and a better understanding of it can lead to precision guides for feeding preterm infants. In this review, we will examine recent research focused on the human milk proteome and individualized protein fortification of human milk. RECENT FINDINGS In both preterm and term birth, the protein content in mother's own milk dropped rapidly in the early postnatal period. Preterm milk had a higher protein content and contained different protein and endogenous peptide compositions compared with term milk. The peptides in gastrointestinal fluids of preterm infants still need further investigation. Individualized fortification is more superior to standard fortification, but it only focuses on the total protein amount. There is no data concerning the composition and posttranslational modifications of proteins and endogenous peptides with fortification and their longterm effects. SUMMARY Comprehensive identification and characterization of the human milk proteome have led to the targeted breast milk fortification theory of preterm infant feeding and has also been enriched by clinical trials. However, to achieve fortification of key proteins and/or endogenous peptides, as standard clinical practice, requires additional studies. Future research should explore the long-term effect of protein fortification and pay more attention to quality rather than quantity in relation to infant body composition and growth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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