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Cebrián-Tarancón C, Sánchez-Gómez R, María Martínez-Gil A, Del Alamo-Sanza M, Nevares I, Rosario Salinas M. Chemical and sensorial profile of Tempranillo wines elaborated with toasted vine-shoots of different varieties and micro-oxygenation. Food Chem 2024; 453:139607. [PMID: 38761725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The positive impact of use SEGs ("Shoot from vines - Enological - Granule") in winemaking for wines of the same variety has been extensively demonstrated, but their combination with different SEGs varieties and micro-oxygenation (MOX) remains unstudied. In this study, Tempranillo wines were in contact along 35 days with two doses of Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon SEGs (12 and 24 g/L) and two fixed doses of MOX (LOTR, 6.24 mg/L·month, and HOTR, 11.91 mg/L·month). Chemical composition and sensory profiles were analyzed after SEGs-MOX treatments. Results indicated a greater impact of MOX on volatile composition when Cabernet Sauvignon SEGs were used, with similar results for CS12-HOTR and CS24-LOTR wines. Phenolic compounds showed a total concentration decrease in all treated wines, though trans-resveratrol increased in all cases, particularly with the highest MOX dose. In sensory evaluation, MOX accelerated the integration of characteristic SEGs aromas into the wine, reducing the required bottle time for round them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cebrián-Tarancón
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Rosario Sánchez-Gómez
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana María Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Química Analítica, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Maria Del Alamo-Sanza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Nevares
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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2
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Ma Y, Xu Y, Tang K. Molecular descriptors of icewine odorants: A first insight into their relationship with metabolism and olfactory perception. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1073-1085. [PMID: 38224113 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the differences in physicochemical parameters of compounds that are metabolized from different precursors and contribute to the aroma perception of icewine, odor-active compounds in icewine were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis combined with comprehensive two-dimensional GC and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) analysis, and the molecular descriptors of these odor-active compounds were calculated by computational chemistry software. The distribution pattern of these odorants classified by their precursors and their olfactory perception was visualized on the basis of their molecular descriptor differences. The results showed that the odorants sourced from different precursors could be clearly separated from each other based on their molecular descriptors, which belonged to blocks such as constitution indices and 2D matrix-based descriptors. The results also showed that honey and cooked potatoe descriptions or peach and smoke descriptions have quite different molecular descriptors. This study should contribute to future research that relates to computational chemistry-based aroma perception and prediction in fermented beverages. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results obtained from this study may be useful for the construction of a classification system of various odor-active compounds in a given product and may provide a molecular solution for the determination of different perceptual dimensions of an odor mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ke Tang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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3
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Castejón-Musulén O, Lopez R, Ontañón I, Ferreira V. A two-run heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography method using flame ionization and mass spectrometry for automated and robust determination of nearly complete wine aroma-volatile profiles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464501. [PMID: 37979511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative analytical method capable of determining the concentrations of 81 aroma-relevant wine volatiles covering nine orders of magnitude was developed and validated in this study. The method is based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of 200 μL of wine diluted with 1.8 mL NaCl brine with pH 3.5. Volatiles thermally desorbed from the stir bars were separated in two runs in a heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatographic system and quantified using either a flame ionization detector (FID) in the first dimension (27 aroma compounds) or a mass spectrometer in the second dimension (54 aroma compounds, transferred to 22 cuts). Typical limits of compound detection lay around 0.02 mg/L by FID or ranged from 0.001 to 0.30 μg/L by mass spectrometry detector, liying below the corresponding odor thresholds in all cases. Linearity, reproducibility, and recovery were considered satisfactory for most compounds, with typical R2 values of 0.989-0.999, relative standard deviation below 10 % for 37 compounds and between 10 and 20 % for 44 compounds, and recovery rates of approximately 100 % (85-109 %) for all but acetaldehyde. An analysis of 20 wine samples completed our validation of the method, showing that a single-sample preparation procedure combined with heart-cut multidimensional two-detector gas chromatography can determine wine volatile concentrations ranging from 350 mg/L of isoamyl alcohol to 3.8 ng/L of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Castejón-Musulén
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory for Flavor Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lopez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory for Flavor Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ontañón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory for Flavor Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Vicente Ferreira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory for Flavor Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
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4
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Gong J, Ma Y, Li L, Cheng Y, Huang Y. Comparative characterization and contribution of key aroma compounds in the typical base liquor of Jiang-flavor Baijiu from different distributions in the Chinese Chishui River basin. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100932. [PMID: 37868367 PMCID: PMC10589752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristic of typical base liquor is crucial in controlling ultimate quality of Jiang-flavor Baijiu. This study investigates the flavor compounds of three typical base liquors (Jiangxiang, Chuntian, and Jiaodixiang) by LLE/LLME/HS-SPME, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), sensory analysis, and odor activity value (OAV). Of the 201 main volatile compounds identified, 37 significant compounds distinguished the three typical base liquors. Acid (441.72 ± 0.17 mg/L), alcohol (5388.88 ± 0.55 mg/L), and ester compounds (8181.64 ± 0.15 mg/L) were respectively marked in Jiangxiang, Chuntian, and Jiaodixiang typical base liquors. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), correlation analysis, and aroma recombination showed that butyric acid (OAV: 102.23), butyl 2-methylbutyrate (OAV: 6045.59), and ethyl caproate (OAV: 418.37) were significantly correlated with sweet, fruity, pit mud, jiang, and ethanol aromas. It identifies the primary constituents that affect flavor variations in the three typical base liquors and provides guidance for investigations on the flavor formation of Jiang-flavor Baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gong
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yongguang Huang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Li N, Li G, Li A, Tao Y. Synergy Effect between Fruity Esters and Potential Odorants on the Aroma of Hutai-8 Rose Wine Revealed by Threshold, S-Curve, and σ-τ Plot Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13869-13879. [PMID: 37677081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the contribution of fruity esters on wine aroma perception, the interaction levels between 12 esters and key odorants of Hutai-8 rose wine were investigated using threshold, S-curve, and σ-τ plot methods, and the aroma enhancement performance of esters was verified by using addition experiments. Results indicated that esters enhance the sweet, floral, and fruity traits of citronellol, β-damascenone, and nerolidol, especially at subthreshold levels. Meanwhile, esters increased the floral and fruity characteristics of key fermentative odorants mainly by additive effects, with acetate esters possessing a better synergy ability. In contrast, the synergy levels between binary esters were less influenced by the concentration but more by the compound structure and aroma. Additionally, moderately subjoining the type and content of esters in wine proved that their synergy effects improved the sweet trait and decreased the sour fruit trait. This finding characterized that the contribution of esters to the wine aroma was obtained by the combined synergy of odorants at a suitable concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guanyu Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Aihua Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-viniculture, Yangling 712100, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Viti-viniculture, Yangling 712100, China
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Bueno M, Zapata J, Culleré L, Franco-Luesma E, de-la-Fuente-Blanco A, Ferreira V. Optimization and Validation of a Method to Determine Enolones and Vanillin Derivatives in Wines-Occurrence in Spanish Red Wines and Mistelles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104228. [PMID: 37241968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemical nature of wine aroma demands accurate quantitative determinations of different odor-active compounds. Quantitative determinations of enolones (maltol, furaneol, homofuraneol, and sotolon) and vanillin derivatives (vanillin, methyl vanillate, ethyl vanillate, and acetovanillone) at low concentrations are complicated due to their high polarity. For this reason, this paper presents an improved and automated version for the accurate measure of these common trace wine polar compounds (enolones and vanillin derivatives). As a result, a faster and more user-friendly method with a reduction of organic solvents and resins was developed and validated. The optimization of some stages of the solid phase extraction (SPE) process, such as washing with an aqueous solution containing 1% NaHCO3 at pH 8, led to cleaner extracts and solved interference problems. Due to the polarity of these type of compounds, an optimization of the large volume injection was also carried out. Finally, a programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) quartz glass inlet liner without wool was used. The injector temperature was raised to 300 °C in addition to applying a pressure pulse of 180 kPa for 4 min. Matrix effects were solved by the use of adequate internal standards, such as ethyl maltol and 3',4'-(methylenedioxy)acetophenone. Method figures of merit were highly satisfactory: good linearity (r2 > 0.98), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 10%), high recovery (RSD > 89%), and low detection limits (<0.7 μg/L). Enolones and vanillin derivatives are associated with wine aging. For this reason, the methodology was successfully applied to the quantification of these compounds in 16 Spanish red wines and 12 mistelles. Odor activity values (OAV) indicate that furaneol should be considered an aroma impact odorant in red wines and mistelles (OAV > 1) while homofuraneol and sotolon could also produce changes in their aroma perceptions (0.1 < OAV < 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Bueno
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA) Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Zapata
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA) Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Culleré
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA) Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ernesto Franco-Luesma
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA) Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arancha de-la-Fuente-Blanco
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA) Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente Ferreira
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology (LAAE), Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA) Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Frankin S, Cna'ani A, Bonfil DJ, Tzin V, Nashef K, Degen D, Simhon Y, Baizerman M, Ibba MI, González Santoyo HI, Luna CV, Cervantes Lopez JF, Ogen A, Goldberg BZ, Abbo S, Ben-David R. New flavors from old wheats: exploring the aroma profiles and sensory attributes of local Mediterranean wheat landraces. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1059078. [PMID: 37275635 PMCID: PMC10234510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1059078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the 20th century, the worldwide genetic diversity of wheat was sharply eroded by continual selection for high yields and industry demands for particular standardized qualities. A collection of Israeli and Palestinian landraces (IPLR) was established to represent genetic diversity, accumulated for ten millennia under diverse environments, which was mostly lost in this transition. As our long-term goal is to study this pre- Green Revolution genetic reservoir, herein we focus on its flour and bread quality and sensorial attributes. Methods Initially, a database was built for the entire IPLR collection (n=901) holding both Triticum durum (durum wheat) and T. aestivum (bread wheat) which included genetic and phenotypic characterization of agronomic traits, grain and flour quality. Then, a representative subset of the IPLR was selected and compared to modern varieties for dough quality, rheology, aroma and taste using both whole and refined flours and breads. The sensory panel used 40 subjects who evaluated common protocol or sourdough breads made by four artisan bakers. Results Results show modern durum cultivar C-9 had superior rheological properties (gluten index, elasticity, dough development time) as compared with landraces, while bread landrace 'Diar Alla' was markedly preferable for baking in relation to the modern cultivar Gadish. Baking tests and subsequent sensory evaluation clearly demonstrated a preference toward refined breads, apart from whole breads prepared using sourdough starters. In bread wheat, loaves baked using landrace flour were scored higher in several quality parameters, whereas in durum lines, the opposite trend was evident. Loaves baked from landraces 'Diar Alla' and to a lesser extent 'Hittia Soada' presented a markedly different aroma from the control loaves prepared from modern flours, both in terms of overall compositions and individual compounds, including classes such as pyranones, pyrazines, furans and pyrroles (maltol). Modern lines, on the other hand, were consistently richer in terpenes and phenylpropanoids. Further analysis demonstrated a significant association between specific aroma classes and sensory attributes scored by panelists. Discussion The findings of the study may help advance new niches in the local wheat market aimed at health and nutrition including adapting durum varieties to the bread market and developing flavor-enhanced wholemeal breads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Frankin
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization–Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Cna'ani
- Department of Food Sciences (UCPH-FOOD), Design and Consumer Behavior, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - David J. Bonfil
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Kamal Nashef
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization–Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Doron Degen
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Yasmin Simhon
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Marina Baizerman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization–Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maria Itria Ibba
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Cyntia Velazquez Luna
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Anomarel Ogen
- Bread Holdings Inc.-GAIL's The Bread Factory, Bertinet, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shahal Abbo
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roi Ben-David
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization–Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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8
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Iobbi A, Di Y, Tomasino E. Revealing the sensory impact of different levels and combinations of esters and volatile thiols in Chardonnay wines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12862. [PMID: 36691531 PMCID: PMC9860267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of different aroma families on tropical fruit aroma perception is still not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of esters and volatile thiols on tropical fruit aroma perception in white wines. Four levels of thiols (none, low, medium and high) and three levels of esters (none, low, medium) were added to a dearomatized white wine base in a full factorial design. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) was used to determine the aroma descriptors that most differentiated the wines followed by Sensory Descriptive Analysis (SDA) to evaluate the intensity of those significant aroma attributes. More than 78% of the total variance was described in the first two dimensions when using Canonical Variate Analysis. Tropical fruit aromas were associated with wines containing different levels of esters and ester-thiol combinations. Volatile thiols alone imparted an earthy aroma and were grouped with the control wine. The different ester-thiol combinations altered the tropical fruit aroma quality in the wines from citrus to passionfruit, pineapple and guava. Understanding the cause of tropical fruit aroma allows for targeted processing to achieve the desired wine sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Iobbi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yanming Di
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tomasino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA,Corresponding author.
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9
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A Sustainable Approach Based on the Use of Unripe Grape Frozen Musts to Modulate Wine Characteristics as a Proof of Concept. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to develop a sustainable methodology for must acidity correction in winemaking, particularly needed in warm regions, the present study intends to fulfill the circular economy values. Antão Vaz white wines were produced using two different strategies for must acidity correction: (i) the addition of a mixture of organic acids (Mix*) commonly used in winemaking; and (ii) the addition of previously produced unripe grape must (UM*) from the same grape variety. In addition, a testimonial (T*) sample was produced with no acidity correction. For all wines produced, oenological parameters were determined, and both amino acid (AA) content and volatile composition were evaluated. A higher AA content was found in the Antão Vaz T* wine, followed by UM* wines. The volatile profile was also affected, and LDA demonstrates a clear separation of wines with different acidity corrections. Results obtained indicate that unripe grape musts—a vital waste product containing several compounds with important biological activity—can be used to increase musts acidity without a negative impact on wine characteristics. Furthermore, this work also shows that the use of unripe must may be a valuable tool for reducing the alcoholic content of wines.
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Pérez D, Denat M, Pérez-Través L, Heras JM, Guillamón JM, Ferreira V, Querol A. Generation of intra- and interspecific Saccharomyces hybrids with improved oenological and aromatic properties. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2266-2280. [PMID: 35485391 PMCID: PMC9328737 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐wine yeasts could enhance the aroma and organoleptic profile of wines. However, compared to wine strains, they have specific intolerances to winemaking conditions. To solve this problem, we generated intra‐ and interspecific hybrids using a non‐GMO technique (rare‐mating) in which non‐wine strains of S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae species were crossed with a wine S. cerevisiae yeast. The hybrid that inherited the wine yeast mitochondrial showed better fermentation capacities, whereas hybrids carrying the non‐wine strain mitotype reduced ethanol levels and increased glycerol, 2,3‐butanediol and organic acid production. Moreover, all the hybrids produced several fruity and floral aromas compared to the wine yeast: β‐phenylethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, γ‐octalactone, ethyl cinnamate in both varietal wines. Sc × Sk crosses produced three‐ to sixfold higher polyfunctional mercaptans, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one (4MMP) and 3‐mercaptohexanol (3MH). We proposed that the exceptional 3MH release observed in an S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrid was due to the cleavage of the non‐volatile glutathione precursor (Glt‐3MH) to detoxify the cell from the presence of methylglyoxal, a compound related to the high glycerol yield reached by this hybrid. In conclusion, hybrid generation allows us to obtain aromatically improved yeasts concerning their wine parent. In addition, they reduced ethanol and increased organic acids yields, which counteracts climate change effect on grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Pérez
- Lallemand Bio S.L., Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza (EEA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5507, Argentina.,Departamento de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Marie Denat
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Través
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Guillamón
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Vicente Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Departamento de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Los Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, 46980, Spain
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