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Wang A, Chen Y, Fang B, Zhang J, Bai W, Yang T, Zhang Q, Liu P, Duan Z, Lu T, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Dong W. Cytochalasin B Mitigates the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis by Suppressing Both the ARPC3/ARPC4-Dependent Cytoskeletal Changes and the Association Between HSP70 and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3029. [PMID: 40243637 PMCID: PMC11988952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Cow mastitis is a major challenge in dairy farming, significantly affecting both milk quality and cow health. Cytochalasin B (CB) is a fungal toxin and an actin cytoskeleton depolymerizing agent that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties; however, its mechanism in cow mastitis remains unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of CB on mastitis using an LPS-induced inflammation model in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and a mouse mastitis model. The techniques employed included Real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (qPCR), Western blot, HE staining, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results demonstrated that CB significantly alleviated LPS-induced mastitis by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and the NLRP3 inflammasome while also reducing cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that CB mitigates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of ARPC3, ARPC4, and HSP70, thereby disrupting cytoskeletal rearrangement and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, this study reveals the potential therapeutic role of CB in cow mastitis and provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Wenkai Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Tingji Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zhiwei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ting Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yuxuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Weitao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Canaviri-Paz P, Gondo TF, Kjellström A, Mandoga T, Sithole J, Oscarsson E, Sandahl M, Håkansson Å. Influence of autochthonous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains on microbial safety and bioactive compounds in a fermented quinoa-based beverage as a non-dairy alternative. Food Chem X 2025; 26:102294. [PMID: 40104609 PMCID: PMC11914179 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Plant-based alternatives are considered microbiologically safe; however, recent studies have raised concerns about hygienic quality. Additionally, the relationship between microbiological safety and polyphenolic content in fermented products remains unexplored. This study assessed the potential of four autochthonous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (3, 5, 9, and 10) to impact microbial composition and modulate polyphenol and saponin levels in a quinoa-based beverage. The results identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains 3, 9, and 10 as effective in inhibiting Enterobacteriaceae (p = 0.001), and increasing concentrations of glycosylated flavonoids, 3-phenyllactic acid, and saponins. However, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 10 demonstrated a decrease in saponin levels, whereas Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 5 increased the abundance of aglycones, highlighting strain-specific differences. Notably, principal component analysis revealed less differences between inoculated samples and control, indicating potential contribution of the native microbiota to the fermentation. This study enhances the understanding of interactions between starter cultures, native microbiota, and bioactive compounds in plant-based fermented beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Canaviri-Paz
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thamani Freedom Gondo
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Kjellström
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tawanda Mandoga
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaison Sithole
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Oscarsson
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lund University. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Håkansson
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Zhao J, Gong J, Liang W, Zhang S. Microbial diversity analysis and isolation of thermoresistant lactic acid bacteria in pasteurized milk. Sci Rep 2024; 14:29705. [PMID: 39613842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurization is a common method for dairy products, typically heating at 72 °C for 15 s or 63 °C for 30 min. The 17 samples of commercial pasteurized milk were divided into three groups according to the shelf life: group A (1-5 days), group B (6-10 days) and group C (11-15 days), and the diversity composition of microbial communities in the samples was analyzed. Among all groups, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were mostly Streptococcus, Weissella and Lactobacillus, and there were high proportions of Streptococcus thermophilus in group A, Weissella paramesenteroides in group B, and Lactobacillus plantarum in group C. Furthermore, a strain of Enterococcus faecium SFM2 was isolated from the A2 sample, which showed better temperature tolerance compared to the E. faecium SFM1 of oral origin. After treatment at 50 °C for 2 h, the survival rates of E. faecium SFM1 and SFM2 were 28.20 ± 0.04% and 82.58 ± 0.01%, respectively. This study investigated the diversity of microorganisms in pasteurized milk, providing effective information for analyzing the potential microbiota of commercial pasteurized milk. Meanwhile, it provided new ideas for expanding the resource pool of thermoresistant LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancun Zhao
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Department, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, 255300, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Aspergillus Application Engineering Technology Research Center, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, 255300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gong
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering Department, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, 255300, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Aspergillus Application Engineering Technology Research Center, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, 255300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjie Liang
- Shandong Ande Healthcare Apparatus Co., Ltd., Zibo, 255086, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No.1, Daxue Road, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
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Kain T, Albahri M, Plötz M, Jessberger N. Growth, persistence and toxin production of pathogenic bacteria in plant-based drinking milk alternatives. J Food Sci 2024; 89:5799-5811. [PMID: 39169550 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the microbiological safety of the increasingly popular plant-based milk alternatives. No (10/27) or only very low microbial counts (17/27) were detected in the tested products. These were mainly identified as spore formers via MALDI-ToF-MS. Three products contained Bacillus cereus group isolates, which were able to form considerable amounts of enterotoxins and exhibited cytotoxicity towards CaCo-2 cells. Preliminary tests showed good growth of B. cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica in all tested products (maximum bacterial counts: 5 × 1012 cfu/mL). These experiments also revealed strain-, time-, and temperature-, but especially product-specific enterotoxin production of B. cereus. In propagation and persistence tests according to DIN EN ISO 20976-1:2019-09, rapid bacterial proliferation was also detected in all products. B. cereus generally showed lower bacterial counts (106-107 cfu/mL) compared to L. monocytogenes and S. enterica (108-109 cfu/mL), but was detectable in a larger number of products over the test period of 6 weeks. pH values decreased (20/27) over time and visual and/or olfactory alterations (24/27) were observed. The present study provides information on the occurrence, growth and persistence of pathogenic bacteria in plant-based drinking milk alternatives. It also points out that the accompanying changes in pH, odor, and appearance are not necessarily recognizable to the consumer. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present study contributes to the understanding of the microbial risk related to plant-based drinking milk alternatives. It is crucial that the manufacturer ensures that particularly spore formers have been effectively eliminated from the products. Among them, especially toxin-producing bacteria can pose a risk to the consumer, as these products promote proliferation and persistence of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kain
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Manar Albahri
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nadja Jessberger
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Edris SN, Hamad A, Awad DAB, Sabeq II. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and biofilm formation ability of Enterobacterales recovered from food of animal origin in Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:403-413. [PMID: 37042006 PMCID: PMC10082721 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.403-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The majority of animal-derived food safety studies have focused on foodborne zoonotic agents; however, members of the opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae (Ops) family are increasingly implicated in foodborne and public health crises due to their robust evolution of acquiring antimicrobial resistance and biofilms, consequently require thorough characterization, particularly in the Egyptian food sector. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the distribution and prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae family members in animal-derived foods, as well as their resistance to important antimicrobials and biofilm-forming potential.
Materials and Methods: A total of 274 beef, rabbit meat, chicken meat, egg, butter, and milk samples were investigated for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. All isolated strains were first recognized using traditional microbiological techniques. Following that, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used to validate the Enterobacteriaceae's identity. The isolated enterobacteria strains were tested on disk diffusion and crystal violet quantitative microtiter plates to determine their antibiotic resistance and capacity to form biofilms.
Results: There have been thirty isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from seven different species and four genera. Out of the three food types, Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest prevalence rate (4.1%). With three species, Enterobacter genera had the second-highest prevalence (3.28%) across five different food categories. In four different food types, the Klebsiella genera had the second-highest distribution and third-highest incidence (2.55%). Almost all isolates, except three Proteus mirabilis, showed prominent levels of resistance, particularly to beta-lactam antibiotics. Except for two Enterobacter cloacae and three P. mirabilis isolates, all isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively multidrug-resistant (XDR). The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of the majority of isolates dropped between 0.273 and 0.727. The highest MARI was conferred by Klebsiella pneumoniae, at 0.727. Overall, 83.33% of the isolates had strong biofilm capacity, while only 16.67% exhibited moderate capacity.
Conclusion: The MDR, XDR, and strong biofilm indicators confirmed in 83.33% of the currently tested Enterobacteriaceae from animal-derived foods suggest that, if not addressed, there may be rising risks to Egypt's economy and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa N. Edris
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Dina A. B. Awad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Islam I. Sabeq
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
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Incidence of Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Strains in Organic and Conventional Watermelons Grown in Tennessee. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213316. [DOI: 10.3390/foods11213316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and consumption of organic fresh produce have constantly increased since the 1990s. Consumers prefer organic produce because it does not contain synthetic chemical residues that are often implicated in health problems. The contamination of fresh produce by pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae strains remains a major challenge, and is responsible for frequent foodborne disease outbreaks. The use of antibiotics has proved an effective treatment, but the increase in occurrences of antibiotic resistance is becoming a health challenge. This study seeks to establish the presence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae on organic and conventional watermelon fruits. Watermelons used for this study were cultivated at the Tennessee State University Certified Organic Farm, Nashville. At harvest, nine fruits were selected from among fruits lying on plastic mulch, and nine from fruits lying on the soil of both organic and conventional plots. These were placed in sterile sample bags for microbial analysis. Spread plating technique, API 20E, and apiweb software were used for microbial isolation and identification. Identified strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 12 common antibiotics. Seventeen Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated and identified. Isolates were susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, but were resistant to cefoxitin. Citrobacter freundii showed a 14.3% resistance to Streptomycin. Pantoea spp. and Providencia rettigeri showed 50% and 100% resistance to tetracycline. Findings from this study confirm the presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains on organic watermelons in Nashville, TN.
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