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El-Houseiny W, Arisha AH, Behairy A, Metwally MMM, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Davies SJ, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. The immunosuppressive, growth-hindering, hepatotoxic, and oxidative stress and immune related-gene expressions-altering effects of gibberellic acid in Oreochromis niloticus: A mitigation trial using alpha-lipoic acid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105725. [PMID: 38225080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of gibberellic acid (GBA) on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters related to liver functions, digestive enzymes, and immunological response in Oreochromis niloticus. Besides, the probable underlying mechanisms were explored by assessing antioxidant, apoptotic, and immune-related gene expression. Furthermore, the likelihood of restoration following alpha-lipoic acid (LIP) dietary supplementation was explored. The fish (average initial weight 30.75 ± 0.46) were equally classified into four groups: the control group, the LIP group (fed on a basal diet plus 600 mg/kg of LIP), the GBA group (exposed to 150 mg GBA/L), and the GBA + LIP group (exposed to 150 mg GBA/L and fed a diet containing LIP and GBA) for 60 days. The study findings showed that LIP supplementation significantly reduced GBA's harmful effects on survival rate, growth, feed intake, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant balance. Moreover, the GBA exposure significantly increased liver enzymes, stress markers, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, all of which were effectively mitigated by the supplementation of LIP. Additionally, LIP addition to fish diets significantly minimized the histopathological alterations in the livers of GBA-treated fish, including fatty change, sharply clear cytoplasm with nuclear displacement to the cell periphery, single-cell necrosis, vascular congestion, and intralobular hemorrhages. The GBA-induced reduction in lysozyme activity, complement C3, and nitric oxide levels, together with the downregulation of antioxidant genes (cat and sod), was significantly restored by dietary LIP. Meanwhile, adding LIP to the GBA-exposed fish diets significantly corrected the aberrant expression of hsp70, caspase- 3, P53, pcna, tnf-a, and il-1β in O. niloticus liver. Conclusively, dietary LIP supplementation could mitigate the harmful effects of GBA exposure on fish growth and performance, physiological conditions, innate immunity, antioxidant capability, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology and Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman international University, Ras sidr, Egypt.; Department of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig university, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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El-Houseiny W, Arisha AH, Metwally MMM, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Davies SJ, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Alpha-lipoic acid suppresses gibberellic acid nephrotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, cytokine production, and apoptosis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105598. [PMID: 37945227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Globally, gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the extensively used plant growth regulators in agriculture. Yet, there is limited information about their toxicity to fish. Recently, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has drawn much interest due to its antioxidant properties. This study was planned to determine whether ALA might protect Nile tilapia's kidneys from the toxic effects of GA and the probable underlying mechanisms. Thus, 240 Oreochromis niloticus fish (average initial weight 30.67 ± 0.57) were allocated into four groups received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg ALA or a basal diet but exposed to a GA (150 mg/L), or ALA-fortified diet and concurrently exposed to GA as previously described. After 60 days, hematological, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, stress indices, selected kidney toxic byproducts, histological investigations, and associated gene expression were assessed. Anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, and elevated kidney function indicators were noticed in the GA-treated group. Additionally, there were detectable cortisol, glucose, 8-OHdG, and MDA increases. However, there was a considerable drop in Cat, Sod, Gpx, GSH, and AChE levels. Structural damage to the kidneys was also identified. In the kidney of fish treated with GA, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, il-1β), stress, and apoptotic genes (hsp70, pcna, caspase-3, and p53) genes were markedly up-regulated, while anti-oxidative (cat, sod) gene expression was downregulated. Conversely, adding ALA to the diet abolished the GA-induced changes in most of the markers mentioned above. Conclusively, ALA protects against GA-induced hematotoxicity, oxidative damage, and nephrotoxic effects in Nile tilapia fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
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