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Esmaeili A, Awasthi P, Tabaee S. Beyond immortality: Epstein-Barr virus and the intricate dance of programmed cell death in cancer development. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2025; 43:100880. [PMID: 39923321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate role of programmed cell death in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies, focusing on the sophisticated interplay between viral mechanisms and the host's immune response. The central objective is to unravel how EBV exerts control over cell death pathways such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, thereby fostering its persistence and oncogenic potential. By dissecting these mechanisms, the review seeks to identify therapeutic strategies that could disrupt EBV's manipulation of these pathways, enhancing immune recognition and opening new avenues for targeted treatment. A deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of EBV's influence on cell death not only enriches the field of viral oncology but also pinpoints targets for drug development. Furthermore, the insights gleaned from this review could catalyze the design of vaccines aimed at preventing EBV infection or curtailing its oncogenic impact. Innovatively, the review synthesizes recent discoveries on the multifaceted roles of non-coding RNAs and cellular signaling pathways in modulating cell death within the context of EBV infection. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying areas where understanding is lacking, it lays the groundwork for future research that could lead to significant advancements in vaccine development and therapeutic interventions for EBV-related cancers. This review underscores the critical necessity for ongoing investigation into the complex interplay between EBV and host cell death mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of enhancing patient outcomes in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Esmaeili
- Department of biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Prankur Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Samira Tabaee
- Department of immunology, school of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mihoc T, Latcu SC, Secasan CC, Dema V, Cumpanas AA, Selaru M, Pirvu CA, Valceanu AP, Zara F, Dumitru CS, Novacescu D, Pantea S. Pancreatic Morphology, Immunology, and the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2627. [PMID: 39595191 PMCID: PMC11591934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. This review aims to integrate the current knowledge of pancreatic morphology and immunology with the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, providing a comprehensive understanding of this critical condition. We conducted an extensive literature review, synthesizing data from recent studies and authoritative sources on pancreatic anatomy, histology, immunology, and the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. We also incorporated epidemiological data, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and prognostic factors. The pancreas exhibits a complex morphology with intricate interactions between its exocrine and endocrine components. Its unique immunological landscape plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and orchestrating responses to pathological conditions. In acute pancreatitis, the disruption of intracellular calcium signaling leads to premature enzyme activation, triggering a cascade of events including mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion, and the release of proinflammatory mediators. This process can escalate from localized inflammation to systemic complications. The interplay between pancreatic morphology, immune responses, and pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to the varied clinical presentations and outcomes observed in acute pancreatitis. Understanding the intricate relationships between pancreatic morphology, immunology, and the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is crucial for developing more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This integrated approach provides new insights into the complex nature of acute pancreatitis and may guide future research directions in pancreatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudorel Mihoc
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (V.D.)
- Department X, General Surgery II, Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.S.); (C.A.P.); (A.P.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Silviu Constantin Latcu
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (V.D.)
- Department XV, Discipline of Urology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-C.S.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Cosmin-Ciprian Secasan
- Department XV, Discipline of Urology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-C.S.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Vlad Dema
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (T.M.); (V.D.)
- Department XV, Discipline of Urology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-C.S.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Alin Adrian Cumpanas
- Department XV, Discipline of Urology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.-C.S.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Mircea Selaru
- Department X, General Surgery II, Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.S.); (C.A.P.); (A.P.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Catalin Alexandru Pirvu
- Department X, General Surgery II, Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.S.); (C.A.P.); (A.P.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Andrei Paul Valceanu
- Department X, General Surgery II, Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.S.); (C.A.P.); (A.P.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Flavia Zara
- Department II of Microscopic Morphology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.Z.); (C.-S.D.); (D.N.)
- Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina-Stefania Dumitru
- Department II of Microscopic Morphology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.Z.); (C.-S.D.); (D.N.)
- Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorin Novacescu
- Department II of Microscopic Morphology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.Z.); (C.-S.D.); (D.N.)
- Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stelian Pantea
- Department X, General Surgery II, Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.S.); (C.A.P.); (A.P.V.); (S.P.)
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