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Fortin O, DeBiasi RL, Mulkey SB. Congenital infectious encephalopathies from the intrapartum period to postnatal life. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2024:101526. [PMID: 38677956 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2024.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Congenital infections are a common but often underrecognized cause of fetal brain abnormalities, as well as fetal-neonatal morbidity and mortality, that should be considered by all healthcare professionals providing neurological care to fetuses and newborns. Maternal infection with various pathogens (cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasmosis, Rubella virus, Parvovirus B19, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, syphilis, Zika virus, varicella zoster virus) during pregnancy can be transmitted to the developing fetus, which can cause multisystem dysfunction and destructive or malformative central nervous system lesions. These can be recognized on fetal and neonatal imaging, including ultrasound and MRI. Imaging and clinical features often overlap, but some distinguishing features can help identify specific pathogens and guide subsequent testing strategies. Some pathogens can be specifically treated, and others can be managed with targeted interventions or symptomatic therapy based on expected complications. Neurological and neurodevelopmental complications related to congenital infections vary widely and are likely driven by a combination of pathophysiologic factors, alone or in combination. These include direct invasion of the fetal central nervous system by pathogens, inflammation of the maternal-placental-fetal triad in response to infection, and long-term effects of immunogenic and epigenetic changes in the fetus in response to maternal-fetal infection. Congenital infections and their neurodevelopmental impacts should be seen as an issue of public health policy, given that infection and the associated complications disproportionately affect woman and children from low- and middle-income countries and those with lower socio-economic status in high-income countries. Congenital infections may be preventable and treatable, which can improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Roberta L DeBiasi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Tropical Medicine, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sarah B Mulkey
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
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Mansouri S, Alharbi Y, Alqahtani A. Nanomaterials Connected to Bioreceptors to Introduce Efficient Biosensing Strategy for Diagnosis of the TORCH Infections: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38193140 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2301649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
TORCH infection is a significant risk factor for severe fetal damage, especially congenital malformations. Screening pregnant women for TORCH pathogens could reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and prevent birth defects. Hence, timely identification and inhibition of TORCH infections are effective ways to successfully prevent them in pregnant women. Recently, the superiority of biosensors in TORCH pathogen sensing has been emphasized due to their intrinsic benefits, such as rapid response time, portability, cost-effectiveness, much friendlier preparation and determination steps. With the introduction of advanced nanomaterials into biosensing, the diagnostic properties of biosensors have significantly improved. This study core presents and debates the current progress in biosensing systems for TORCH pathogens using various artificial and natural receptors. The incorporation of nanomaterials into various transduction systems can enhance diagnostic performance. The key performance characteristics of optical and electrochemical biosensors, such as response time, limit of detection (LOD), and linear detection range, are systematically discussed, along with the current TORCH pathogens used for constructing biosensors. Finally, the major problems that exist for converting scientific investigation into product development are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiene Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousef Alharbi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alqahtani
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied, Medical Science, Majmaah University, Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Feng Y, Hu S, Zhao S, Chen M. Recent advances in genetic etiology of non-syndromic deafness in children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1282663. [PMID: 37928735 PMCID: PMC10620706 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1282663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital auditory impairment is a prevalent anomaly observed in approximately 2-3 per 1,000 infants. The consequences associated with hearing loss among children encompass the decline of verbal communication, linguistic skills, educational progress, social integration, cognitive aptitude, and overall well-being. Approaches to reversing or preventing genetic hearing loss are limited. Patients with mild and moderate hearing loss can only use hearing aids, while those with severe hearing loss can only acquire speech and language through cochlear implants. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of congenital hearing loss, and advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying hearing loss, coupled with recent progress in genetic testing techniques, will facilitate the development of innovative approaches for treatment and screening. In this paper, the latest research progress in genetic etiology of non-syndromic deafness in children with the highest incidence is summarized in order to provide help for personalized diagnosis and treatment of deafness in children.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital infections are a major cause of childhood multidomain neurodevelopmental disabilities. They contribute to a range of structural brain abnormalities that can cause severe neurodevelopmental impairment, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and neurosensory impairments. New congenital infections and global viral pandemics have emerged, with some affecting the developing brain and causing neurodevelopmental concerns. This review aims to provide current understanding of fetal infections and their impact on neurodevelopment. RECENT FINDINGS There are a growing list of congenital infections causing neurodevelopmental issues, including cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, syphilis, rubella, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and toxoplasmosis. Fetal exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 may also pose risk to the developing brain and impact neurodevelopmental outcomes, although studies have conflicting results. As Zika virus was a recently identified congenital infection, there are several new reports on child neurodevelopment in the Caribbean and Central and South America. For many congenital infections, children with in-utero exposure, even if asymptomatic at birth, may have neurodevelopmental concerns manifest over time. SUMMARY Congenital infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with neurodevelopmental impairments. Detailed pregnancy history, exposure risk, and testing should guide diagnosis and multidisciplinary evaluation. Children with congenital infections should have long-term follow-up to assess for neurodevelopmental delays and other neurosensory impairments. Children with confirmed delays or high-risk should be referred for rehabilitation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Sarah B. Mulkey
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Chen Y, Zheng X, Huang X, Huang X, Zhang J. A retrospective study of air quality associated with teratogenic pathogen screening in women of reproductive age in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28239-9. [PMID: 37347331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with a poor ambient atmospheric environment. Infections by teratogenic pathogens such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are the main cause of the worse pregnant outcomes. However, environmental factors governing these infections are uncertain and epidemiological studies are limited. An epidemiological study on relationships between air pollutants and antibodies against teratogenic pathogens will be explored. In total, 5475 women of childbearing age were enrolled in the study between January 2018 and December 2019 in a hospital in Shantou, China. Antibodies against pathogens were measured by electrochemical luminescence. Everyday air quality data, concerning particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other parameters, were acquired from a government web site, and the relationships between them were evaluated with nonparametric and multivariate linear regression analyses. Not only titers of herpes simplex virus HSV(I+II) IgGs in spring, but also titers of cytomegalovirus IgG (CMV IgG) and HSV I IgG in autumn, both had positive associations with concentrations of SO2. When PM2.5 or PM10 exposure is elevated, HSV(I+II) IgGs, TOX IgM should be paid more attention in spring or summer. Air pollution may be crucial for teratogenic pathogen infections. This study highlights air pollution could increase the risk of teratogenic pathogen infection, implying stronger measures should be taken to protect air environment and screenings of associated antibody should be strengthened in different season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Zizlavsky S, Supartono N, Zachreini I, Bashiruddin J, Hajar Haryuna TS, Savitri E, Mayangsari ID, Tamin S, Priyono H, Ranakusuma RW, Indrasari SR, Manukbua T, Harahap J, Alviandi W, Purnami N, Alia D, Warto N, Ghanie A, Hifni A, Anggraeni R, Lasminingrum L, Wijana W, Muyassaroh, Prasetyo A, Bawono M, Indrasworo D, Suardana S, Setiawan EP, Ariyanti Putri PD, Dwi Saputra KA, Lely Rahayu IM, Wiranadha IM, Mengko SK, Tamus AY, Fitria H, Hidayat B, Kasim M, Damayanti H, Syukrinto G, Primadewi N, Purnanta A, Amar A, Nurfarihah E. Factors associated with time of diagnosis and habilitation of congenital hearing loss in Indonesia: A multicenter study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 163:111369. [PMID: 36335758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate factors associated with time of diagnosis and habilitation of congenital hearing loss in Indonesia. METHOD A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January to December 2020 by collecting data on patients with congenital hearing loss using validated questionnaires. RESULT Among 535 children with congenital hearing loss, 2.7% had a family history of congenital hearing loss, 11.2% and 37.4% had a maternal history of ototoxic drugs and herbal medicine use during pregnancy, respectively, and 17.8% had prenatal exposure to TORCH infection. Lower maternal education level was shown to be associated with older age at diagnosis (p = 0.045), while older maternal age (p < 0.001), non-housewife mothers (p = 0.029), and out-of-pocket payment scheme (p = 0.027) were associated with a higher rate of habilitation. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the presence of family history, the use of certain medications during pregnancy, and prenatal TORCH infection are prevalent in children with congenital hearing loss in Indonesia. Several factors such as maternal education level, age, occupation, and habilitation payment scheme may be associated with time of diagnosis and habilitation of congenital hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiramis Zizlavsky
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Natasha Supartono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Indra Zachreini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh / Cut Meutia Hospital, Aceh Utara, 24351, Indonesia
| | - Jenny Bashiruddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara / Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Eka Savitri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin / Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makasar, 90425, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Mayangsari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Susyana Tamin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Harim Priyono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Respati W Ranakusuma
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta / Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sagung Rai Indrasari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gajah Mada / Dr. Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tjandra Manukbua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Lakipadada Hospital, Makale, Tana Toraja, 91811, Indonesia
| | - Juliandi Harahap
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Widayat Alviandi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nyilo Purnami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga / Dr.Soetomo General Hospital Centre, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Dina Alia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala/dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia
| | - Nirza Warto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas/dr. M. Djamil Hospital, kota Padang, 25171, Indonesia
| | - Abla Ghanie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Siti Fatimah Hospital, Palembang, 30151, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Hifni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Siti Fatimah Hospital, Palembang, 30151, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Anggraeni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran / Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Lina Lasminingrum
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran / Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Wijana Wijana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran / Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Muyassaroh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Ashadi Prasetyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gajah Mada / Dr. Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mahatma Bawono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gajah Mada / Dr. Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Indrasworo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/ dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, 65112, Indonesia
| | - Suardana Suardana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Eka Putra Setiawan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Putu Dian Ariyanti Putri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Komang Andi Dwi Saputra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - I Made Lely Rahayu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - I Made Wiranadha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Steward Kennedy Mengko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/ Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, 95163, Indonesia
| | - Augustien Yuliet Tamus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/ Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, 95163, Indonesia
| | - Hidayatul Fitria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Abdurrab, Riau, 28292, Indonesia
| | - Benny Hidayat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Eka Hospital Pekanbaru, Riau, 28282, Indonesia
| | - Muslim Kasim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Pringsewu Hospital, Lampung, 35376, Indonesia
| | - Heditya Damayanti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta/ Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, 12430, Indonesia
| | - Gustav Syukrinto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), RS Mulya Tangerang, Kota Tangerang, 15145, Indonesia
| | - Novi Primadewi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ dr Moewardi, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia
| | - Arief Purnanta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gajah Mada / Dr. soeradji Tirtonegoro, Klaten, 57424, Indonesia
| | - Arman Amar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Klinik Utama Budi Mulia Raya, Paser Utara Kalimantan Timur, 76141, Indonesia
| | - Eva Nurfarihah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak, 78244, Indonesia
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Abstract
Over a century of research has focused on improving our understanding of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), yet it remains the most common congenital infection in the United States, affecting 3 to 6 per 1000 live born infants each year. Pregnancies affected by cCMV are at a heightened risk of spontaneous abortion and intrauterine fetal demise. Neonates born with cCMV are also at substantial risk for long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae and disability, including sensorineural hearing loss, even those born without clinically apparent disease. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in study of the epidemiology and transmission of cCMV, developing better diagnostic strategies, implementing newborn screening programs, improving therapeutics, and launching vaccine trials. In this article, we review recent developments in the understanding of the virology and immunobiology of cytomegalovirus. We further discuss how this knowledge informs our understanding of the pathophysiology of cCMV and directs strategies aimed at improving outcomes and quality of life for congenitally infected children. We also provide an update on the epidemiology of cCMV in the United States, evolving scientific understanding of maternal-fetal transmission, enhanced screening approaches, and recognition of neonatal and long-term sequelae. Finally, we review the current landscape of pediatric cCMV research and provide recommendations for novel and high-priority areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Pesch
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark R Schleiss
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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8
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Kirschen GW, Panda S, Burd I. Congenital Infection Influence on Early Brain Development Through the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:894955. [PMID: 35844234 PMCID: PMC9280077 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which various pathogens cause congenital infections have been studied extensively, aiding in the understanding of the detrimental effects these infections can have on fetal/neonatal neurological development. Recent studies have focused on the gut-brain axis as pivotal in neurodevelopment, with congenital infections causing substantial disruptions. There remains controversy surrounding the purported sterility of the placenta as well as concerns regarding the effects of exposure to antibiotics used during pregnancy on neonatal microbiome development and how early exposure to microbes or antibiotics can shape the gut-brain axis. Long-term neurodevelopmental consequences, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cerebral palsy, may be attributable, in part, to early life infection and changes in the immature gut microbiome. The goal of this review is thus to critically evaluate the current evidence related to early life infection affecting neurodevelopment through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Integrated Center for Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Snigdha Panda
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Integrated Center for Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Quiñones-Vega M, Velásquez E, Sosa-Acosta P, Melo A, Garcez PP, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB. Proteomic profiles of Zika virus-infected placentas bearing fetuses with microcephaly. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 16:e2100042. [PMID: 34704388 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission to the fetus during pregnancy could enable a collection of severe fetal malformations like microcephaly (MC), termed Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). The mechanisms involved in ZIKV transplacental transmission are not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here we aim to identify in placental tissues the deregulated proteins associated with ZIKV-induced MC using label-free proteomics. RESULTS We found proteins associated with DNA damage and gene expression inhibition up-regulated in infected placentas with no MC fetuses (Z+) compared to the control group (Ctr). Actin filament organization and the immune response were also found deregulated in the Z+ group. In ZIKV-positive placentas bearing fetuses with MC (MC+) was detected an increase in T cell activation, indicating an elevated immune response. A comparison between MC+ and Z+ groups showed a higher abundance of proteins related to endocytosis and autophagy in MC+, suggesting a higher transcytosis of vesicles with ZIKV particles across the maternal-fetal interface. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that higher expression of integrins in MC+ might be associated with high internalization of the virus since these proteins are known as virus receptors. Similarly, an increased immune response in the placenta and higher infiltration of the virus to the fetus could contribute to the neurological malformation of the CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Quiñones-Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika Velásquez
- Department of Biochemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sosa-Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Melo
- Instituto Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Department of Biochemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
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10
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The impact of Zika virus exposure on the placental proteomic profile. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166270. [PMID: 34582966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused severe unexpected clinical outcomes in neonates and adults during the recent outbreak in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. Congenital malformations associated with ZIKV have been frequently reported; nevertheless, the mechanism of vertical transmission and the involvement of placental cells remains unclear. In this study, we applied quantitative proteomics analysis in a floating explant model of chorionic villi of human placental tissues incubated with ZIKV and with ZIKV pre-adsorbed with anti-ZIKV envelope protein. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025764. Altered levels of proteins were involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory processes, and the integrin-cytoskeleton complex. Antibody-opsonized ZIKV particles differentially modulated the pattern of protein expression in placental cells; this phenomenon may play a pivotal role in determining the course of infection and the role of mixed infections. The expression of specific proteins was also evaluated by immunoperoxidase assays. These data fill gaps in our understanding of early events after ZIKV placental exposure and help identify infection control targets.
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Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is the most common birth defect, estimated to affect 2-3 in every 1000 births. Currently there is no cure for hearing loss. Treatment options are limited to hearing aids for mild and moderate cases, and cochlear implants for severe and profound hearing loss. Here we provide a literature overview of the environmental and genetic causes of congenital hearing loss, common animal models and methods used for hearing research, as well as recent advances towards developing therapies to treat congenital deafness. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Renauld
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martin L Basch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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