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Bilski J, Schramm-Luc A, Szczepanik M, Mazur-Biały AI, Bonior J, Luc K, Zawojska K, Szklarczyk J. Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2998. [PMID: 38001998 PMCID: PMC10669400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and general symptoms. Adipose tissue, previously perceived as an inert energy storage organ, has been recognised as a significant contributor to RA pathophysiology. Adipokines modulate immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in RA. Although most adipokines have a pro-inflammatory and aggravating effect on RA, some could counteract this pathological process. The coexistence of RA and sarcopenic obesity (SO) has gained attention due to its impact on disease severity and outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity further contributes to the inflammatory milieu and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the intricate crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting potential interactions between these tissues in RA. This review summarizes the roles of adipokines in RA, particularly in inflammation, immune modulation, and joint destruction. In addition, it explores the emerging role of adipomyokines, specifically irisin and myostatin, in the pathogenesis of RA and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting adipokines and adipomyokines in RA management and highlight the challenges and future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Agata Schramm-Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-L.); (K.L.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Kevin Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-L.); (K.L.)
| | - Klaudia Zawojska
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Joanna Szklarczyk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (J.B.); (J.S.)
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Ding Y, Deng Q, Yang M, Niu H, Wang Z, Xia S. Clinical Classification of Obesity and Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3303-3329. [PMID: 37905232 PMCID: PMC10613411 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity,and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Obesity and MAFLD frequently coexist and act synergistically to increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (both hepatic and extrahepatic). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most important risk factor for rapid progression of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis. Conversely, the later stages of MAFLD are associated with an increased risk of T2DM incident. According to the proposed criteria, MAFLD is diagnosed in patients with liver steatosis and in at least one in three: overweight or obese, T2DM, or signs of metabolic dysregulation if they are of normal weight. However, the clinical classification and correlation between obesity and MAFLD is more complex than expected. In addition, treatment for obesity and MAFLD are associated with a reduced risk of T2DM, suggesting that liver-based treatments could reduce the risk of developing T2DM. This review describes the clinical classification of obesity and MAFLD, discusses the clinical features of various types of obesity and MAFLD, emphasizes the role of visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in the development of MAFLD,and summarizes the existing treatments for obesity and MAFLD that reduce the risk of developing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
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Prajapati P, Kumar A, Singh J, Saraf SA, Kushwaha S. Azilsartan Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Wasting in High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced Sarcopenic Obesity in Rats via Activating Akt Signalling Pathway. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105025. [PMID: 37062187 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
An association between the loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity in the geriatric population has been identified as a disease known as sarcopenic obesity. Therefore, therapeutic/preventive interventions are needed to ameliorate sarcopenia. The present study investigates the effect of azilsartan (AZL) on skeletal muscle loss in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-induced sarcopenic obese (SO) rats. Four- and fourteen-months male Sprague Dawley rats were used and randomized in control and azilsartan treatment. 14 months animals were fed with HFD for four months and labeled as HFD-fed SO rats. Young & old rats received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose as a vehicle/AZL (8 mg/kg, per oral) treatment for six weeks. Grip strength and body composition analysis were performed after the last dose of AZL. Serum and gastrocnemius (GN)muscles were collected after animal sacrifice. AZL treatment significantly increased lean muscle mass, grip strength, myofibrillar protein, and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase & nitric oxide) levels in SO rats. AZL also restored the muscle biomarkers (creatine kinase, myostatin & testosterone), and insulin levels. AZL improves cellular, and ultracellular muscle structure and prevents type I to type II myofiber transitions in SO rats. Further, immunohistochemistry results showed increased expressions of pAkt and reduced expression of MuRF-1 and TNF-α exhibiting that AZL intervention could decrease protein degradation in SO rats. In conclusion, present results showed that AZL significantly increased lean mass, and restored muscle biomarkers, and muscle architecture. Taken together, the aforementioned findings suggest that azilsartan could be a possible therapeutic approach to reduce muscle wasting in sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Jiten Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), New Transit campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Moldovan AF, Moga I, Moga T, Ghitea EC, Babes K, Ghitea TC. Assessing the Risk of Stroke in the Elderly in the Context of Long-COVID, Followed Through the Lens of Family Medicine. In Vivo 2023; 37:2284-2295. [PMID: 37652474 PMCID: PMC10500484 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Patients infected with COVID-19 may experience a range of acute and chronic neurological disorders. While severe neurological complications like strokes and seizures were less common during the acute or post-COVID period, the long-term effects of COVID-19, known as long COVID, have received limited attention. This study aimed to examine the lasting consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish potential connections with related diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We followed a group of 157 patients for one year, predominantly from urban areas (61.8%), divided into three groups based on the presence of associated diseases that pose health risks: the control (43 patients), low-risk (67 patients), and high-risk (47 patients) groups. RESULTS We observed an inverse relationship between oxygen saturation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as well as a direct relationship between varicose disease and dyslipidemia, and gastrointestinal disease. Additionally, we noticed a less significant improvement in oxygen saturation and increased prevalence of psychoanxiety disorders in individuals undergoing anticoagulant treatment. CONCLUSION The impact of long COVID and its secondary effects, which persist for an extended period and are influenced by associated diseases, can be effectively monitored and addressed by primary care physicians. These findings can serve as a basis for developing more efficient approaches to managing the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioana Moga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicine Department, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Titus Moga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicine Department, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Katalin Babes
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicine Department, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Perna S, Gasparri C, Allehdan S, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Ferraris C, Guido D, Alalwan TA, Rondanelli M. Discovering the Physio-Pathological Mechanisms of Interaction between Bone Mineral Density, Muscle Mass, and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Female Older Adults through Structural Equation Modeling. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062269. [PMID: 36983268 PMCID: PMC10053048 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relation between visceral adipose tissue (VAT), as a proxy for metabolically unhealthy obesity, muscle, as a proxy for muscle quality and sarcopenia, and bone, as a proxy for bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Other variables, such metabolic syndrome, nutritional status, number of diseases, kidney and liver function and inflammation were assessed as direct or indirect effects. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 713 older women (mean age 82.1 ± 6.3). The results indicate a positive statistically significant association between bone and muscle mass (β = 0.195, <0.001) and nutritional status and muscle mass (β = 0.139, p < 0.001), but negative association between age with muscle mass (β = −0.509, p < 0.001) and nutritional status (estimates: −2.264, p < 0.001). A negative association between VAT and muscle mass was also reported (β = −1.88, p < 0.001). A negative statistically significant association was reported between bone mineral density and functional status (β = −1.081, p < 0.001), and a positive association between functional status and muscle mass (β = 9.000, p < 0.001). In addition, functional status was positively statistically associated with cognitive performance (β = 0.032, p < 0.001). The SEM method demonstrates that the VAT, muscle mass and bone mineral density are associated, but the form of the relation is different in relation to different factors, such as nutritional status, mental and functional status, age, and number of pathologies, having different impacts on metabolic outcomes. SEM is a feasible technique for understanding the complex mechanisms of frailty in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sabika Allehdan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | | | | | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Wang H, Cao H, Cao J, Zhang L. The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) Are Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenaemia in Obesity/Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1508675. [PMID: 36814799 PMCID: PMC9940946 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1508675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are the main characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we study to find appropriate markers predicting IR and hyperandrogenaemia of women with PCOS in northwest China. Methods According to body mass index (BMI), 953 patients with PCOS were divided into two groups. All the patients underwent physical examination and ultrasonography and collected elbow vein blood. Their BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), LAP, VAI, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Each group (normal weight and obesity/overweight) was further divided into two subgroups according to their HOMA-IR and FAI: the IR+ subgroup/IR- subgroup and FAI+ subgroup/FAI- subgroup. Furthermore, we compared the clinical indices, hormone levels, and metabolic makers separately between these groups. The correlations between these parameters and HOMA-IR or FAI were tested; sensitivity, specificity, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Results In the obesity/overweight group, the VAI (best cut-off value: 2.27, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.699) and LAP (best cut-off value: 45.54, AUC = 0.680) were sensitive predictors of IR (sensitivity = 72% and sensitivity = 67%). Additionally, the VAI (best cut-off value: 2.13, AUC = 0.624) and LAP (best cut-off value: 51.18, AUC = 0.582) were sensitive predictors of FAI (sensitivity = 87% and sensitivity = 64%). In the normal weight group, BMI could preferably predict HOMA-IR (AUC = 0.717, best cut-off value: 21.62) and HOMA-IR could preferably predict FAI (best cut-off value: 2.11, AUC = 0.648). Conclusion Our data indicated that the VAI and LAP may contribute to the early identification of IR and hyperandrogenaemia in the obesity/overweight patients of PCOS. In normal weight PCOS, BMI was a better predictor to IR, and HOWA-IR was a better predictor to FAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haozhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Fully automated CT-based adiposity assessment: comparison of the L1 and L3 vertebral levels for opportunistic prediction. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:787-795. [PMID: 36369528 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare fully automated CT-based measures of adipose tissue at the L1 level versus the standard L3 level for predicting mortality, which would allow for use at both chest (L1) and abdominal (L3) CT. METHODS This retrospective study of 9066 asymptomatic adults (mean age, 57.1 ± 7.8 [SD] years; 4020 men, 5046 women) undergoing unenhanced low-dose abdominal CT for colorectal cancer screening. A previously validated artificial intelligence (AI) tool was used to assess cross-sectional visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas (SAT and VAT), as well as their ratio (VSR) at the L1 and L3 levels. Post-CT survival prediction was compared using area under the ROC curve (ROC AUC) and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS Median clinical follow-up interval after CT was 8.8 years (interquartile range, 5.2-11.6 years), during which 5.9% died (532/9066). No significant difference (p > 0.05) for mortality was observed between L1 and L3 VAT and SAT at 10-year ROC AUC. However, L3 measures were significantly better for VSR at 10-year AUC (p < 0.001). HRs comparing worst-to-best quartiles for mortality at L1 vs. L3 were 2.12 (95% CI, 1.65-2.72) and 2.22 (1.74-2.83) for VAT; 1.20 (0.95-1.52) and 1.16 (0.92-1.46) for SAT; and 2.26 (1.7-2.93) and 3.05 (2.32-4.01) for VSR. In women, the corresponding HRs for VSR were 2.58 (1.80-3.69) (L1) and 4.49 (2.98-6.78) (L3). CONCLUSION Automated CT-based measures of visceral fat (VAT and VSR) at L1 are predictive of survival, although overall measures of adiposity at L1 level are somewhat inferior to the standard L3-level measures. Utilizing predictive L1-level fat measures could expand opportunistic screening to chest CT imaging.
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Coker MS, Barati Z, Murphy CJ, Bateman T, Newcomer BR, Wolfe RR, Coker RH. Essential amino acid enriched meal replacement improves body composition and physical function in obese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:104-111. [PMID: 36184194 PMCID: PMC10162659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are threatened by the risk of muscle atrophy and excess accumulation of adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to determine whether an essential amino acid enriched meal replacement would reduce excess fat and foster skeletal muscle retention, potentially improving physical function in this cohort. METHODS Using a double blind, randomized controlled trial, we compared the influence of an experimental meal replacement enriched with essential amino acids (EMR) to a commercially available, widely used meal replacement (Optifast®) provided once/day (q.d.) for four weeks on body composition, skeletal muscle and physical function in obese older participants. Twenty-eight individuals completed either EMR (n = 13) or Optifast® (n = 15) supplementation protocols. Measurements of body composition, thigh skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), blood panels, intrahepatic lipid, and physical function were completed pre- and post-supplementation. RESULTS Body fat mass, visceral fat mass and volume, and intrahepatic lipid were reduced with EMR but not with Optifast®. Thigh muscle CSA increased (Δ 2.4 ± 3.0 cm2) with EMR but not Optifast® (Δ -1.8 ± 6.0 cm2). There was a significant increase in the distance covered during the 6-min walk test with EMR (Δ 23 ± 27 m) but no change in Optifast® (Δ 11 ± 37 m). CONCLUSIONS Beneficial alterations in fat and muscle support the use of EMR-based meal replacements in obese older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry under Reference Number ISRCTN15814848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melynda S Coker
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Zeinab Barati
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Carl J Murphy
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Terry Bateman
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | - Robert R Wolfe
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert H Coker
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
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Wang D, Huang K, Schulte E, Zhou W, Li H, Hu Y, Fu J. The Association Between Food Addiction and Weight Status in School-Age Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824234. [PMID: 35615452 PMCID: PMC9125319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between food addiction (FA) and weight status in children and adolescents remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the association between FA and weight status using the validated Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0). Methods Participants were enrolled from clinic visitors for regular physical check in a children's hospital. The dYFAS-C 2.0 was translated into Chinese and validated using reliability and validity tests. The participants' body mass index Z score (BMIZ) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to characterize weight status. The FA severity was assessed using the translated dYFAS-C 2.0. Results Among the 903 children and adolescents enrolled, 426 (47.2%) completed the survey [277 (65%) females and 149 (35%) males]. The Cronbach α of translated dYFAS-C 2.0 was 0.934, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit. FA correlated positively with BMIZ and WHtR in the whole sample after adjusting for the effect of gender (p < 0.001). Further analyses showed that the correlation remained significant in participants with BMIZ > 1 (p = 0.006) but not in those with BMIZ ≤ 1 (p = 0.220). However, the correlations between FA and WHtR were statistically significant in both participants with or without abdominal obesity (p < 0.05). The FA could explain 12.1 and 15.8% of variance in BMIZ and WHtR, respectively. The corresponding cutoff points of FA for excessive weight risk were 0.7 (BMIZ) and 0.4 (WHtR). Conclusion The dYFAS-C 2.0 has good reliability and validity in the Chinese population. FA is associated with weight status characterized by BMIZ and WHtR, especially in participants with BMIZ > 1 and in those with abdominal obesity. Clinical Trial Registration [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2100052239].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erica Schulte
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wanying Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Huiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Cho Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Jung HS, Kim CW, Oh H, Kim MK, Sohn W, Shin H, Wild SH, Byrne CD. Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio as a predictor of NAFLD in lean and overweight men and women with effect modification by sex. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2238-2252. [PMID: 35503803 PMCID: PMC9426405 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of sarcopenic visceral obesity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is uncertain. We investigated (a) whether the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SV ratio), as a measure of sarcopenic visceral obesity, is a risk factor for NAFLD; and (b) whether the SV ratio adds to conventional adiposity measures to improve prediction of incident NAFLD. Adults without NAFLD (n = 151,017) were followed up for a median of 3.7 years. Hepatic steatosis was measured using ultrasonography, and liver fibrosis scores were estimated using the Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) and the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine sex‐specific adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]). The incremental predictive performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement. Multivariable aHRs (95% CIs) for incident NAFLD comparing the lowest versus the highest quintile of SV ratio were 3.77 (3.56–3.99) for men and 11.69 (10.46–13.06) for women (p–interaction by sex < 0.001). For incident NAFLD with intermediate/high FIB‐4, aHRs were 2.83 (2.19–3.64) for men and 7.96 (3.85–16.44) for women (similar results were obtained for NFS). Associations remained significant even after adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and time‐varying covariates. These associations were also more pronounced in nonobese than obese participants (p–interaction < 0.001). The addition of SV ratio to conventional adiposity measures modestly improved risk prediction for incident NAFLD. SV ratio was inversely associated with risk of developing NAFLD, with effect modification by sex and obesity. Conclusion: Low SV ratio is a complementary index to conventional adiposity measures in the evaluation of NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Won Kim
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Oh
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Center for Cohort Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Han MJ, Choung SY. Codonopsis lanceolata ameliorates sarcopenic obesity via recovering PI3K/Akt pathway and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153877. [PMID: 35026519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sarcopenic obesity, muscle atrophy induced by obesity, has steadily increased and is emerging as a health problem. Although the anti-obesity effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) is known, its efficacy against sarcopenic obesity has not been studied. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the effect of CL on sarcopenic obesity and the changes in the related mechanisms to confirm the potential of CL as an effective natural therapeutic agent for sarcopenic obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks, and CL was administered for 6 weeks with HFD feeding. Body weight and grip strength were measured twice a week. After sacrifice, muscle fiber histological analysis, blood lipid analysis, muscle triglyceride extraction, western blot, and real-time PCR were performed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and in vitro experiments using C2C12 cells were performed to verify the main and active compounds of CL. Confluent C2C12 cells were differentiated for 4 days, and then the main compound of CL was co-treated with palmitic acid for 24 h. RESULTS CL reduced body weight, mass of three fat tissues (epididymal fat, mesenteric fat, and perirenal fat), adipocyte cross-sectional area (CSA), and improved insulin signaling. Simultaneously, CL improved grip strength, mass of three muscle tissues (quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and soleus), and muscle fiber CSA. These results were due to the recovery of both the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and lipid metabolisms in skeletal muscle. Lipids accumulated in skeletal muscle interrupt the PI3K/Akt pathway, but CL reduced intramyocellular triglyceride concentration by restoring gene expression of factors related to triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, the activated PI3K/Akt pathway enhanced muscle protein synthesis by increasing phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and eIF4E-binding protein 1 and suppressed muscle protein degradation by decreasing expression of muscle ring finger-1 and muscle atrophy F-box protein. In addition, tangshenoside I (TS) was verified as the main compound of CL by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, and its efficacy of inhibiting myotube atrophy and lipid accumulation in myotubes was confirmed, verifying that TS is an active compound. CONCLUSION CL is an effective natural material for sarcopenic obesity that suppresses muscle atrophy by inhibiting the accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle through restoration of impaired PI3K/Akt pathway and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Han
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ilyas Z, Perna S, A. Alalwan T, Zahid MN, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Faragli A, Alogna A, La Porta E, Ali Redha A, Negro M, Cerullo G, D’Antona G, Rondanelli M. The Ketogenic Diet: Is It an Answer for Sarcopenic Obesity? Nutrients 2022; 14:620. [PMID: 35276979 PMCID: PMC8838342 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to define the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet (KD) for the management of sarcopenic obesity. As the combination of sarcopenia and obesity appears to have multiple negative metabolic effects, this narrative review discusses the effects of the ketogenic diet as a possible synergic intervention to decrease visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and fatty infiltration of the liver as well as modulate and improve the gut microbiota, inflammation and body composition. The results of this review support the evidence that the KD improves metabolic health and expands adipose tissue γδ T cells that are important for glycaemia control during obesity. The KD is also a therapeutic option for individuals with sarcopenic obesity due to its positive effect on VAT, adipose tissue, cytokines such as blood biochemistry, gut microbiota, and body composition. However, the long-term effect of a KD on these outcomes requires further investigations before general recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ilyas
- Department of Laboratory, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Juffair P.O. Box 10588, Bahrain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Faragli
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Alogna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo La Porta
- Department of Cardionephrology, Istituto Clinico Ligure Di Alta Specialità (ICLAS), GVM Care and Research, 16035 Rapallo, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMi), University of Genova, 16121 Genova, Italy
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain;
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Massimo Negro
- CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (M.N.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (M.N.); (G.D.)
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010160. [PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-93-51
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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14
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Sato R, Okada K, Akiyama E, Konishi M, Matsuzawa Y, Nakahashi H, Minamimoto Y, Kimura Y, Maejima N, Iwahashi N, Hibi K, Kosuge M, Ebina T, Tamura K, Kimura K. Impact of sarcopenic obesity on long-term clinical outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2021; 335:135-141. [PMID: 34517989 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both low appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and specific abdominal fat composition [i.e., increased visceral to subcutaneous (V/S) fat ratio] have been associated with cardiovascular events. However, the combined impact of these 2 components on long-term outcomes remains unclear, especially in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS In 303 patients with STEMI, ASMI and V/S fat ratio were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography. Based on the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and median of V/S fat ratio, sarcopenic obesity (SO) pattern was defined as low ASMI with high V/S fat ratio. The primary endpoint was composite outcomes of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure and unplanned revascularization. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.9 years, primary endpoint occurred in 67 patients. Patients with an SO pattern showed significantly lower event-free survival rate compared with those without (p=0.006 by log-rank). Notably, when stratified by median age (67 years), this trend was particularly prominent in the younger-age group (p <0.001), but not significant in the older-age group (p=0.38). In the younger-age group, the multivariate analysis revealed that patients with SO pattern had a 2.97 (1.10-7.53) fold higher risk for primary endpoints compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS Low ASMI with high V/S fat ratio, or so-called sarcopenic obesity, was associated with poor prognosis after STEMI, particularly in younger-age patients. The combined assessment of skeletal muscle with abdominal fat distribution may help stratify the risk among patients with STEMI, rather than each component alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kozo Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Akiyama
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Konishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzawa
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nakahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yugo Minamimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Maejima
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Iwahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ebina
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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The Role of Sarcopenic Obesity in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Synthesis of the Evidence on Pathophysiological Aspects and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094339. [PMID: 33919368 PMCID: PMC8122649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is globally a serious public health concern and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and various types of cancers. It is important to evaluate various types of obesity, such as visceral and sarcopenic obesity. The evidence on the associated risk of CVD, cancer and sarcopenic obesity, including pathophysiological aspects, occurrence, clinical implications and survival, needs further investigation. Sarcopenic obesity is a relatively new term. It is a clinical condition that primarily affects older adults. There are several endocrine-hormonal, metabolic and lifestyle aspects involved in the occurrence of sarcopenic obesity that affect pathophysiological aspects that, in turn, contribute to CVD and neoplasms. However, there is no available evidence on the role of sarcopenic obesity in the occurrence of CVD and cancer and its pathophysiological interplay. Therefore, this review aims to describe the pathophysiological aspects and the clinical and epidemiological evidence on the role of sarcopenic obesity related to the occurrence and mortality risk of various types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. This literature review highlights the need for further research on sarcopenic obesity to demonstrate the interrelation of these various associations.
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16
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Pickhardt PJ, Graffy PM, Perez AA, Lubner MG, Elton DC, Summers RM. Opportunistic Screening at Abdominal CT: Use of Automated Body Composition Biomarkers for Added Cardiometabolic Value. Radiographics 2021; 41:524-542. [PMID: 33646902 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal CT is a frequently performed imaging examination for a wide variety of clinical indications. In addition to the immediate reason for scanning, each CT examination contains robust additional data on body composition that generally go unused in routine clinical practice. There is now growing interest in harnessing this additional information. Prime examples of cardiometabolic information include measurement of bone mineral density for osteoporosis screening, quantification of aortic calcium for assessment of cardiovascular risk, quantification of visceral fat for evaluation of metabolic syndrome, assessment of muscle bulk and density for diagnosis of sarcopenia, and quantification of liver fat for assessment of hepatic steatosis. All of these relevant biometric measures can now be fully automated through the use of artificial intelligence algorithms, which provide rapid and objective assessment and allow large-scale population-based screening. Initial investigations into these measures of body composition have demonstrated promising performance for prediction of future adverse events that matches or exceeds the best available clinical prediction models, particularly when these CT-based measures are used in combination. In this review, the concept of CT-based opportunistic screening is discussed, and an overview of the various automated biomarkers that can be derived from essentially all abdominal CT examinations is provided, drawing heavily on the authors' experience. As radiology transitions from a volume-based to a value-based practice, opportunistic screening represents a promising example of adding value to services that are already provided. If the potentially high added value of these objective CT-based automated measures is ultimately confirmed in subsequent investigations, this opportunistic screening approach could be considered for intentional CT-based screening. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry J Pickhardt
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252 (P.J.P., P.M.G., A.A.P., M.G.L.); and Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md (D.C.E., R.M.S.)
| | - Peter M Graffy
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252 (P.J.P., P.M.G., A.A.P., M.G.L.); and Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md (D.C.E., R.M.S.)
| | - Alberto A Perez
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252 (P.J.P., P.M.G., A.A.P., M.G.L.); and Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md (D.C.E., R.M.S.)
| | - Meghan G Lubner
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252 (P.J.P., P.M.G., A.A.P., M.G.L.); and Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md (D.C.E., R.M.S.)
| | - Daniel C Elton
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252 (P.J.P., P.M.G., A.A.P., M.G.L.); and Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md (D.C.E., R.M.S.)
| | - Ronald M Summers
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252 (P.J.P., P.M.G., A.A.P., M.G.L.); and Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md (D.C.E., R.M.S.)
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17
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Ilich JZ, Gilman JC, Cvijetic S, Boschiero D. Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040989. [PMID: 32252359 PMCID: PMC7230299 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors formany diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrativereview were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influenceosteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO).We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress andinflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidenceshows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute toosteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most derangedstate of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. Thefoods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute tostress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stressand inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients' levels. Whilenutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and theirquantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressfulstate, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Selma Cvijetic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 11000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Ghitea TC, Vlad S, Birle D, Tit DM, Lazar L, Nistor-Cseppento C, Behl T, Bungau S. The influence of diet therapeutic intervention on the sarcopenic index of patients with metabolic syndrome. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:470-478. [PMID: 34084239 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The published data showed the importance of metabolic control in preventing complications in metabolic syndrome (MS) and the role of nutritional medical therapy in glycemic control and in the control of dyslipidemia, hypertension, weight loss/normalization (in overweight or malnourished subjects). Objectives This study follows the evolution of sarcopenic index (SI) and other clinical parameters (body mass index (BMI), homeostasis evaluation index (HOMA index)) correlated with MS after diet therapy or diet therapy combined with sports, in patients with MS. Patients and methods Our research was conducted during 12 months, on 110 patients >18 years of age, with HOMA index>2, divided into three groups: control group (CG, N=20), diet therapy group (DTG, N=58), diet therapy and sports group (DTSG, N=32). HOMA index for insulin resistance was calculated as the product of resting plasma insulin (in microunits/milliliter) and plasma glucose (in millimoles/liter), divided by 22.5. SI was determined using BIA, as being the ratio between muscle mass and fat mass, measured in cm2/m2. Results A significant decrease of BMI (p<0.05) in DTG (from 31.63 to 24.50) and DTSG (from 30.18 to 24.17) vs. CG was observed (Pearson coefficient r=0.281, p<0.001). Weight status changed significantly (p<0.05) in the high-risk patients. There was a significant decrease of HOMA index (p<0.05) in DTG (from 5.93 to 2.57), DTSG (from 3.93 to 2.23), and in CG an increase was observed (from 3.15 to 3.37). Conclusion The best results in the prevention/ treatment of sarcopenia in MS patients were obtained for DTSG, which benefited from both the positive effect of diet and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ghitea
- University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
| | - S Vlad
- Dept. of Surgery Disciplines, Oradea, Romania
| | - D Birle
- Faculty of Socio-Human Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, Oradea, Romania
| | - D M Tit
- University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
| | - L Lazar
- Dept. of Psycho-neurosciences and Recovery, Oradea, Romania
| | | | - T Behl
- Chitkara University, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmacology, Punjab, India
| | - S Bungau
- University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
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