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Toro-Román V, Ferrer-Ramos P, Illera-Domínguez V, Pérez-Chirinos C, Fernández-Valdés B. Functionality, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory capacity in the elderly: relationships between functional and physical tests according to sex and age. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1347093. [PMID: 38516209 PMCID: PMC10956101 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1347093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There are several tests that provide information about physical fitness and functionality in older adults. The aims of this study were: (i) to analyze the differences between sex and age in functional, strength and cardiorespiratory tests; and (ii) to study the correlations between functional, strength and cardiorespiratory tests according to sex and age. Methods: A total of 171 older adults (72.09 ± 13.27 kg; 1.59 ± 0.09 m; 72.72 ± 6.05 years) were divided according to sex (men: n = 63; women: n = 108) and age (≥60 <70: n = 65; ≥70 <80: n = 89; ≥80: n = 18). Anthropometry, body composition, upper limb strength (hand grip; HG), lower limb strength (countermovement jump; CMJ), cardiorespiratory capacity (6 min walking test; 6MWT), timed up and go test (TUG) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were assessed. Results: Men showed higher values in CMJ height, HG and expired volume (VE) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between sexes in TUG and SPPB. Regarding age, there were significant differences in CMJ, VE and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), TUG, gait speed, chair and stand test and SPPB total (p < 0.05). The test times were higher in older people. Regarding correlations, the TUG showed significant correlations in all strength and cardiorespiratory tests, regardless of sex and age. The CMJ correlated more significantly with functional tests compared to HG. Discussion: There were sex and age differences in functional, strength, and cardiorespiratory tests. The execution of quick and low-cost tests such as the CMJ and TUG could provide information on overall physical fitness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pau Ferrer-Ramos
- Department of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Research Group in Technology Applied to High Performance and Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
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Santos CAF, Amirato GR, Paixão V, Almeida EB, Do Amaral JB, Monteiro FR, Roseira T, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Rossi M, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Vieira RDP, Bachi ALL, Jacinto AF. Association among inflammaging, body composition, physical activity, and physical function tests in physically active women. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1206989. [PMID: 37534321 PMCID: PMC10390738 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1206989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammaging is a phenomenon that has been associated with the development and progression of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. According to the literature, on the one side, the increase in body fat is associated with a systemic pro-inflammatory status, which consequently favors inflammaging, and on the other side, the regular practice of physical exercise can mitigate the development of this scenario. Therefore, here, we aimed to evaluate the association between inflammaging and physical factors, both body and functional, in a group of physically active older women. Methods Seventy older women (mean age 72.66 ± 6.17 years) participated in this observational cross-sectional and were separated into the eutrophic, overweight, and obese groups. It was assessed: by bioimpedance-body fat percentage (Fat%) and total (Fat kg), skeletal muscle mass (muscle), and free fat mass both in percentage (FFM%) and total (FFMkg); by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-the time of moderate-intensity physical activity per week; by physical tests-handgrip (HG), sit-up-stand-on-the-chair in 5 repetitions (Sit-up) and vertical squat jump test (SJ); in addition to the determination of serum cytokine concentration (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8), and also body mass index (BMI) and calf circumference (Calf). Results Higher FFM% and lower body fat (both kg and %) were found in the eutrophic group than in the other groups. The eutrophic group also performed more weekly physical activity, jumped higher, and presented not only higher serum IL-6 concentration but also an increased ratio of IL-10/IL-6, IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/IL-8 as compared to the values found in the overweight group. The obese group presented higher body fat (kg and %) and lower FFM% than the other groups and also higher serum IL-6 concentration than the overweight group. Interestingly, several significant negative and positive correlations between body composition, physical tests, and serum cytokine concentrations were found in the eutrophic and obese groups. Conclusion While the eutrophic older women group showed a remarkable regulation of the systemic inflammatory status with positive associations in the physical parameters assessed, the overweight and obese groups presented impairment regulations of the inflammaging, which could be related to less weekly physical activity and higher body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andre Freitas Santos
- Discipline of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislene Rocha Amirato
- Mane Garrincha Sport Education Center, Sports Department of the Municipality of São Paulo (SEME), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Paixão
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewin Barbosa Almeida
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador Do Amaral
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tamaris Roseira
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Yara Juliano
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Post-graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás—Unievangelica, Anapolis, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Furtado GE, Letieri RV, Carballeira E. Exercise Evaluation and Prescription in Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010042. [PMID: 36611502 PMCID: PMC9819181 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-65 age group is growing faster than other age groups worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços-S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Pavilhão 3, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rubens Vinícius Letieri
- Physical Education Department, Multidisciplinary Research Nucleus in Physical Education (NIMEF), Federal University of Northern of Tocantins (UFNT), Avenida Nossa Senhora de Fátima, 1558, Centro, Tocantinópolis 77900-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carballeira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Older Women Who Practiced Physical Exercises before the COVID-19 Pandemic Present Metabolic Alterations and Worsened Functional Physical Capacity after One Year of Social Isolation. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091736. [PMID: 36141348 PMCID: PMC9498301 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Because the consequences of the lifestyle changes in older adults associated with the social isolation imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are not fully understood, here, we investigated the effects of one year of social isolation imposed by COVID-19 on the metabolic parameters and functional physical capacity of older women who regularly practiced physical exercises before the pandemic. Methods: Systemic lipid and protein profiles, estimated creatinine clearance (ECC), and functional physical capacity (FPC) were assessed before (January-February 2020) and 12 months after social isolation in 30 older women (mean age 73.77 ± 6.22) who were engaged in a combined-exercise training program for at least 3 years before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: In this group, we observed increased plasma levels of triglycerides and creatinine, an increase in the time necessary to perform gait speed and time-up-and-go tests, and reduced muscle strength assessed by the handgrip test and ECC post-COVID-19 pandemic relative to values recorded pre-pandemic. In addition, we observed significant correlations (both negative and positive) between anthropometric, some metabolic parameters, and physical tests. Conclusion: One year of interruption of physical exercise practice imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered some systemic metabolic parameters and worsened ECC and FPC in older women.
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