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Ahdi M, Gerards MC, Smits PH, Meesters EW, Brandjes DPM, Nieuwdorp M, Gerdes VEA. Genetic glucocorticoid receptor variants differ between ethnic groups but do not explain variation in age of diabetes onset, metabolic and inflammation parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1200183. [PMID: 37732126 PMCID: PMC10507347 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The effect of excess glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulation through glucocorticoid medication or cortisol on glucose metabolism is well established. There are genetic GR variants that result in increased or decreased GR stimulation. We aimed to determine the prevalence of genetic GR variants in different ethnic groups in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, and we aimed to determine their association with age of diabetes onset and metabolic and inflammation parameters. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a multiethnic cohort (n = 602) of patients with established type 2 diabetes. Polymorphisms in the GR gene that have previously been associated with altered glucocorticoid sensitivity (TthIIII, ER22/23EK N363S, BclI and 9β) were determined and combined into 6 haplotypes. Associations with age of diabetes onset, HbA1c, hs-CRP and lipid values were evaluated in multivariate regression models. Results The prevalence of the SNPs of N363S and BclI was higher in Dutch than in non-Dutch patients. We observed a lower prevalence of the SNP 9β in Dutch, South(East) Asian and Black African patients versus Turkish and Moroccan patients. We did not detect an association between SNPs and diabetes age of onset or metabolic parameters. We only found a trend for lower age of onset and higher HbA1c in patients with 1 or 2 copies of haplotype 3 (TthIIII + 9β). Conclusions The prevalence of genetic GR variants differs between patients of different ethnic origins. We did not find a clear association between genetic GR variants and age of diabetes onset or metabolic and inflammation parameters. This indicates that the clinical relevance of GR variants in patients with established type 2 diabetes is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahdi
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMCs), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike C. Gerards
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMCs), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul H.M. Smits
- Department of Molecular Biology, Atalmedial, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eelco W. Meesters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Dees P. M. Brandjes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMCs), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMCs), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMCs), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
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Rancelis T, Domarkiene I, Ambrozaityte L, Utkus A. Implementing Core Genes and an Omnigenic Model for Behaviour Traits Prediction in Genomics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1630. [PMID: 37628681 PMCID: PMC10454355 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A high number of genome variants are associated with complex traits, mainly due to genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using polygenic risk scores (PRSs) is a widely accepted method for calculating an individual's complex trait prognosis using such data. Unlike monogenic traits, the practical implementation of complex traits by applying this method still falls behind. Calculating PRSs from all GWAS data has limited practical usability in behaviour traits due to statistical noise and the small effect size from a high number of genome variants involved. From a behaviour traits perspective, complex traits are explored using the concept of core genes from an omnigenic model, aiming to employ a simplified calculation version. Simplification may reduce the accuracy compared to a complete PRS encompassing all trait-associated variants. Integrating genome data with datasets from various disciplines, such as IT and psychology, could lead to better complex trait prediction. This review elucidates the significance of clear biological pathways in understanding behaviour traits. Specifically, it highlights the essential role of genes related to hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters as robust core genes in shaping these traits. Significant variations in core genes are prominently observed in behaviour traits such as stress response, impulsivity, and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tautvydas Rancelis
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.D.); (L.A.); (A.U.)
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Skolariki K, Vrahatis AG, Krokidis MG, Exarchos TP, Vlamos P. Assessing and Modelling of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Molecular and Functional Biomarkers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1050. [PMID: 37626936 PMCID: PMC10451531 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychological disorder that develops following exposure to traumatic events. PTSD is influenced by catalytic factors such as dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter imbalances, and oxidative stress. Genetic variations may act as important catalysts, impacting neurochemical signaling, synaptic plasticity, and stress response systems. Understanding the intricate gene networks and their interactions is vital for comprehending the underlying mechanisms of PTSD. Focusing on the catalytic factors of PTSD is essential because they provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. By understanding these factors and their interplay, researchers may uncover potential targets for interventions and therapies, leading to more effective and personalized treatments for individuals with PTSD. The aforementioned gene networks, composed of specific genes associated with the disorder, provide a comprehensive view of the molecular pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in PTSD. Through this study valuable insights into the disorder's underlying mechanisms and opening avenues for effective treatments, personalized interventions, and the development of biomarkers for early detection and monitoring are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marios G. Krokidis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (K.S.); (A.G.V.); (T.P.E.); (P.V.)
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Nascimento M, Teixeira ES, Dal' Bó IF, Peres KC, Rabi LT, Cury AN, Cançado NA, Miklos ABPP, Schwengber F, Bufalo NE, Ward LS. NR3C1 rs6198 Variant May Be Involved in the Relationship of Graves' Disease with Stressful Events. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041155. [PMID: 37189773 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stressful events are known to trigger Graves' disease (GD), the mechanisms involved in this process are not well understood. The NR3C1 gene, encoding for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), presents single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with stress-related diseases. To investigate the relationship between NR3C1 SNPs, GD susceptibility, and clinical features, we studied 792 individuals, including 384 patients, among which 209 presented with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), and 408 paired healthy controls. Stressful life events were evaluated in a subset of 59 patients and 66 controls using the IES-R self-report questionnaire. SNPs rs104893913, rs104893909, and rs104893911 appeared at low frequencies and presented similar profiles in patients and controls. However, variant forms of rs6198 were rarer in GD patients, suggesting a protective effect. Stressful events were more common in patients than controls, and were reported to have clearly occurred immediately before the onset of GD symptoms in 23 cases. However, no association was found between these events and rs6198 genotypes or GD/GO characteristics. We suggest that the NR3C1 rs6198 polymorphism may be an important protective factor against GD, but its relationship with stressful events needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Souza Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
| | - Izabela Fernanda Dal' Bó
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Colombera Peres
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Teodoro Rabi
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biomedicine, Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio University Center (CEUNSP), Itu 13300-200, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University (UNIP), Campinas 13043-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Namo Cury
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo 01221-010, SP, Brazil
- Discipline of Endocrinology, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSC-SP), Sao Paulo 01221-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Amaral Cançado
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo 01221-010, SP, Brazil
- Discipline of Endocrinology, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSC-SP), Sao Paulo 01221-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Pinotti Pedro Miklos
- Endocrinology and Metabology Service of the Institute of Medical Assistance to State Civil Servants (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04029-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Schwengber
- Endocrinology and Metabology Service of the Institute of Medical Assistance to State Civil Servants (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04029-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Natássia Elena Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Max Planck University Center, Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic and Research Center, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil
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Nordkap L, Almstrup K, Priskorn L, Bang AK, Stalder T, Petersen JH, Hansen ÅM, Juul A, Johannsen TH, Jørgensen N. Hair cortisol, glucocorticoid gene receptor polymorphisms, stress, and testicular function. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105942. [PMID: 36179533 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-reported psychological stress has been associated with decreased semen quality. Cortisol levels in scalp hair (hair cortisol concentration, HCC) has emerged as a potential objective marker of psychological stress. Thus, we investigated if HCC was associated with markers of testicular function. Furthermore, we examined whether three common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid-receptor gene (NR3C1, chromosome 5), potentially affecting receptor sensitivity, were associated with HCC and could influence the studied association between HCC and testicular function. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We analysed HCC, serum-levels of reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and the three NR3C1-polymorphisms; BclI (rs41423247), Tth111I (rs10052957), and 9β (rs6198), in a population of 696 men from the general population. RESULTS HCC was not associated with testicular function, and adjustment for the three NR3C1-polymorphisms did not alter the results. However, HCC increased significantly with the number of Tth111I minor-alleles (T) and decreased significantly with the number of 9β minor-alleles (G). CONCLUSION Given previously shown associations between stress and semen quality, and that no association between HCC and self-reported stress was observed in the current study, we speculate that negative reproductive effects of stress may not be mediated directly by cortisol. This study demonstrates associations between HCC and glucocorticoid receptor gene variants indicating that these SNPs may influence systemic glucocorticoid levels, but the potential health effects of such alterations are yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loa Nordkap
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Bang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Zou Z, Xiang M, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang J, He Y, Min W, Zhou B. Associations of DNA methylation of HPA axis-related genes and neuroendocrine abnormalities in panic disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105777. [PMID: 35504198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of aberrant DNA methylation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related genes (CRHR1, CRHR2, CRH, FKBP5, HSP90AA1, NR3C1, and POMC) in panic disorder (PD) development. We investigated the correlation among gene methylation levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and PD severity in patients. METHODS We compared the methylation levels of HPA axis-related genes between 178 patients with PD and 184 healthy controls using MethylTarget. We then measured ACTH and cortisol levels using chemiluminescence. Disease severity was assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with PD displayed significantly higher levels of ACTH and cortisol, and significantly reduced methylation levels of CRHR1, FKBP5, HSP90AA1, and NR3C1 after correcting for multiple testing using the false discovery method. A significant positive correlation was observed between the methylation of CRHR1, CRHR2, and NR3C1 and ACTH levels in patients with PD, and methylation levels of CRHR1 and NR3C1 were significantly positively related to cortisol levels. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between PD severity and the methylation of CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, and HSP90AA1. CONCLUSION Aberrant methylation of HPA axis-related genes may predict PD development and impact ACTH and cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zou
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Miao Xiang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ying He
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of psychosomatic medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
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