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Dubhashi S, Sinha S, Dwivedi S, Ghanekar J, Kadam S, Samant P, Datta V, Singh S, Chaudry IH, Gurmet P, Kelkar H, Mishra R, Galwankar S, Agrawal A. Early Trends to Show the Efficacy of Cordyceps militaris in Mild to Moderate COVID Inflammation. Cureus 2023; 15:e43731. [PMID: 37727187 PMCID: PMC10505833 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Cordyceps enhances animal survival against influenza by boosting the immune system. In animal studies, it also had anti-inflammatory and preventive properties. Cordyceps stimulates the immune system by increasing the activity and production of various immune cells. Some studies have shown the role of Cordyceps in the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other respiratory diseases caused by the Picorna viruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza viruses. However, it remains unknown whether this food supplement is safe and has anti-inflammatory effects in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the use and efficacy of Cordyceps capsules as an adjunct to standard treatment in patients with mild (symptomatic) to moderate COVID-19 infection. Methods A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps capsules (a food supplement) 500 mg as adjuvant therapy in patients with COVID-19. The rationale for dose selection was as per the existing evidence from toxicity studies. The inclusion criteria were patients with either a mild or moderate COVID-19 infection. Clinical features suggestive of dyspnoea or hypoxia, fever, and cough, including SpO2 <94% (range 90-94%) on room air and a respiratory rate ≥24 per minute, were also included. Results Sixty-five patients were recruited for the study, with 33 in the Cordyceps group and 32 in the placebo group. Out of 58 evaluable patients, 33 recovered on day 5, 49 on day 10, and 58 on days 16 and 30. The recovery of patients steadily increased from 56.9% on day 5 to 100% on day 30. The time to clinical recovery was shorter in the Cordyceps group than in the placebo group (mean 6.6 vs. 7.3 days; p > 0.05) overall and for mild disease. However, there was no difference in the time to recovery (time from day 1 to the resolution of all symptoms) for moderate disease. A lower frequency of normal chest X-rays on day 1 and a higher number on day 16 in the treatment group than in the placebo group suggest an improvement in the number of normal chest X-rays with Cordyceps. Significant changes were seen in biomarkers MCPIP, CxCL10, and IL-1β for overall (both mild and moderate patients) on days 5 and 10 as compared to baseline, and in biomarkers CRP and CxCL10 in moderate category patients on days 5 and 10, respectively. There were no statistically significant changes in IL-6, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), or D-dimer levels between baseline and day 5/10 in patients taking Cordyceps capsules and also between the treatment and placebo groups. Conclusion Cordyceps capsules administered at a dose of 500 mg three times a day along with supportive treatment showed effectiveness in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, as evidenced by the proportionately higher number of recoveries on day 5, the relatively shorter time for improvement of clinical symptoms, and the proportionately higher number of patients showing negative RT-PCR tests on day 10. Thus, Cordyceps appears to be a safe immunological adjuvant for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Future studies with a larger sample size would shed more light on the evidence, as there are limitations in the generalizability of the results from the present study due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar Sinha
- Emergency Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sankalp Dwivedi
- General Surgery, Maharishi Markandeshwar (MM) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Jaishree Ghanekar
- Internal Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sameer Kadam
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Parineeta Samant
- Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Vibha Datta
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
| | - Sarman Singh
- Medical Science and Engineering Research (MEDSER) Center, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, IND
| | | | - Padma Gurmet
- Miscellaneous, National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa, Leh, IND
| | | | - Rakesh Mishra
- Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sagar Galwankar
- Emergency Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Sarasota, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
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MacArthur TA, Goswami J, Ramachandran D, Price-Troska TL, Lundell KA, Ballinger BA, Loomis EA, Heller SF, Stephens D, Hurt RT, Salonen BR, Ganesh R, Spears GM, Bailey KR, Chaudry IH, Park MS. Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:559-568. [PMID: 36872195 PMCID: PMC9842620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine differences in plasma sex hormone levels in male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) because cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurs via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor which is downregulated by 17β-estradiol. PATIENTS AND METHODS Citrated plasma samples were collected from 101 patients with COVID-19 upon presentation to the emergency department and from 40 HVs between November 1, 2020, and May 30, 2021. Plasma 17β-estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/mL). Data are presented as median and quartiles (IQR). Wilcoxon rank sum test with a P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 (median age, 49 years) included 51 males and 50 females (25 postmenopausal). Hospital admission was required for 58.8% of male patients (n = 30) and 48.0% of female patients (n = 24) (66.7% postmenopausal, n = 16) Healthy volunteers (median age, 41 years) included 20 males and 20 females (9 postmenopausal). Female patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased 17β-estradiol levels (18.5 [IQR, 10.5-32.3] pg/mL; 41.4 [IQR, 15.5-111.0] pg/mL, P=.025), and lower 17β-estradiol to DHT ratios (0.073 [IQR, 0.052-0.159] pg/mL; 0.207 [IQR, 0.104-0.538] pg/mL, P=.015) than female HVs. Male patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased DHT levels (302.8 [IQR, 249.9-470.8] pg/mL; 457.2 [IQR, 368.7-844.3] pg/mL, P=.005), compared with male HVs. Levels of DHT did not differ between female patients with COVID-19 and female HVs, whereas 17β-estradiol levels did not differ between male patients with COVID-19 and male HVs. CONCLUSION Sex hormone levels differ between patients with COVID-19 and HVs, with sex-specific patterns of hypogonadism in males and females. These alterations may be associated with disease development and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taleen A MacArthur
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie Goswami
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dhanya Ramachandran
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin A Lundell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beth A Ballinger
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erica A Loomis
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie F Heller
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Stephens
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley R Salonen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ravindra Ganesh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grant M Spears
- Clinical Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Clinical Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Myung S Park
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Pei F, Yao RQ, Ren C, Bahrami S, Billiar TR, Chaudry IH, Chen DC, Chen XL, Cui N, Fang XM, Kang Y, Li WQ, Li WX, Liang HP, Lin HY, Liu KX, Lu B, Lu ZQ, Maegele M, Peng TQ, Shang Y, Su L, Sun BW, Wang CS, Wang J, Wang JH, Wang P, Xie JF, Xie LX, Zhang LN, Zingarelli B, Guan XD, Wu JF, Yao YM. Expert consensus on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:74. [PMID: 36567402 PMCID: PMC9790819 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis. To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis, an expert consensus focusing on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression was developed. Literature related to the immune monitoring and treatment of sepsis were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to design items and expert opinions were collected through an online questionnaire. Then, the Delphi method was used to form consensus opinions, and RAND appropriateness method was developed to provide consistency evaluation and recommendation levels for consensus opinions. This consensus achieved satisfactory results through two rounds of questionnaire survey, with 2 statements rated as perfect consistency, 13 as very good consistency, and 9 as good consistency. After summarizing the results, a total of 14 strong recommended opinions, 8 weak recommended opinions and 2 non-recommended opinions were produced. Finally, a face-to-face discussion of the consensus opinions was performed through an online meeting, and all judges unanimously agreed on the content of this consensus. In summary, this expert consensus provides a preliminary guidance for the monitoring and treatment of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - De-Chang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31003, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Qin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of Chinese PLA, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Li
- Department of Surgical Intensive Critical Unit, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hua-Ping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ben Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Marc Maegele
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, University Witten-Herdecke, 51109, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tian-Qing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 4G4, Canada
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Bing-Wei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Chang-Song Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Pediatric Research Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiang-Huai Wang
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork University Hospital, Cork, T12 E8YV, Ireland
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Xin Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 41073, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Pretzsch E, Nieß H, Khaled NB, Bösch F, Guba M, Werner J, Angele M, Chaudry IH. Molecular Mechanisms of Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury and Regeneration in the Liver-Shock and Surgery-Associated Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12942. [PMID: 36361725 PMCID: PMC9657004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a major challenge during liver surgery, liver preservation for transplantation, and can cause hemorrhagic shock with severe hypoxemia and trauma. The reduction of blood supply with a concomitant deficit in oxygen delivery initiates various molecular mechanisms involving the innate and adaptive immune response, alterations in gene transcription, induction of cell death programs, and changes in metabolic state and vascular function. Hepatic IRI is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and is associated with an increased risk for tumor growth and recurrence after oncologic surgery for primary and secondary hepatobiliary malignancies. Therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat hepatic IRI have been investigated in animal models but, for the most part, have failed to provide a protective effect in a clinical setting. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI and regeneration, as well as its clinical implications. A better understanding of this complex and highly dynamic process may allow for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches and optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pretzsch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanno Nieß
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Najib Ben Khaled
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bösch
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Irshad H. Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abdou H, Morrison JJ, Edwards J, Patel N, Lang E, Richmond MJ, Elansary N, Gopalakrishnan M, Berman J, Hubbard WJ, Scalea TM, Chaudry IH. An estrogen (17α-ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate) reduces mortality in a swine model of multiple injuries and hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:57-64. [PMID: 34670961 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 17α-ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate (EES) reduces mortality in animal models of controlled hemorrhage, its role in a clinically relevant injury model is unknown. We assessed the impact of EES in a swine model of multiple injuries and hemorrhage. METHODS The study was performed under Good Laboratory Practice, with 30 male uncastrated swine (25-50 kg) subjected to tibial fracture, pulmonary contusion, and 30% controlled hemorrhage for an hour. Animals were randomized to one of five EES doses: 0 (control), 0.3, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg, administered postinjury. Subjects received no resuscitation and were observed for 6 hours or until death. Survival data were analyzed using Cox-proportional hazard regression. Left ventricular pressure-volume loops were used to derive preload recruitable stroke work as a measure of cardiac inotropy. Immediate postinjury preload recruitable stroke work values were compared with values at 1 hour post-drug administration. RESULTS Six-hour survival for the 0, 0.3, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg groups was 0%, 50%, 33.3%, 16.7%, and 0%, respectively. Following Cox regression, the hazard (95% confidence interval) of death was significantly reduced in the 0.3 (0.22 [0.05-0.93]) and 1 (0.24 [0.06-0.89]) mg/kg groups but not the 3 (0.49 [0.15-1.64]) and 5 (0.46 [0.14-1.47]) mg/kg groups. Mean survival time was significantly extended in the 1 mg/kg group (246 minutes) versus the 0 mg/kg group (96 minutes) (p = 0.04, t test). At 1 hour post-drug administration, inotropy was significantly higher than postinjury values in the 0.3 and 1 mg/kg groups (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Inotropy was unchanged in the 3 and 5 mg/kg groups but significantly depressed in the control (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Administration of EES even in the absence of fluid resuscitation reduces mortality and improves cardiac inotropy in a clinically relevant swine model of multiple injuries and hemorrhage. These findings support the need for a clinical trial in human trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Abdou
- From the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (H.A., J.J.M., J.E., N.P., E.L., M.J.R., N.E., T.M.S.), University of Maryland Medical System; Center for Translational Medicine (M.G.), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore; Fast Track Drugs and Biologics (J.B.), North Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Surgery (W.J.H.), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Mayer AR, Dodd AB, Rannou-Latella JG, Stephenson DD, Dodd RJ, Ling JM, Mehos CJ, Robertson-Benta CR, Pabbathi Reddy S, Kinsler RE, Vermillion MS, Gigliotti AP, Sicard V, Lloyd AL, Erhardt EB, Gill JM, Lai C, Guedes VA, Chaudry IH. 17α-Ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate increases survival and hemodynamic functioning in a large animal model of combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock: a randomized control trial. Crit Care 2021; 25:428. [PMID: 34915927 PMCID: PMC8675515 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and severe blood loss resulting in hemorrhagic shock (HS) represent leading causes of trauma-induced mortality, especially when co-occurring in pre-hospital settings where standard therapies are not readily available. The primary objective of this study was to determine if 17α-ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate (EE-3-SO4) increases survival, promotes more rapid cardiovascular recovery, or confers neuroprotection relative to Placebo following TBI + HS.
Methods
All methods were approved by required regulatory agencies prior to study initiation. In this fully randomized, blinded preclinical study, eighty (50% females) sexually mature (190.64 ± 21.04 days old; 28.18 ± 2.72 kg) Yucatan swine were used. Sixty-eight animals received a closed-head, accelerative TBI followed by removal of approximately 40% of circulating blood volume. Animals were then intravenously administered EE-3-SO4 formulated in the vehicle at 5.0 mg/mL (dosed at 0.2 mL/kg) or Placebo (0.45% sodium chloride solution) via a continuous pump (0.2 mL/kg over 5 min). Twelve swine were included as uninjured Shams to further characterize model pathology and replicate previous findings. All animals were monitored for up to 5 h in the absence of any other life-saving measures (e.g., mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation).
Results
A comparison of Placebo-treated relative to Sham animals indicated evidence of acidosis, decreased arterial pressure, increased heart rate, diffuse axonal injury and blood–brain barrier breach. The percentage of animals surviving to 295 min post-injury was significantly higher for the EE-3-SO4 (28/31; 90.3%) relative to Placebo (24/33; 72.7%) cohort. EE-3-SO4 also restored pulse pressure more rapidly post-drug administration, but did not confer any benefits in terms of shock index. Primary blood-based measurements of neuroinflammation and blood brain breach were also null, whereas secondary measurements of diffuse axonal injury suggested a more rapid return to baseline for the EE-3-SO4 group. Survival status was associated with biological sex (female > male), as well as evidence of increased acidosis and neurotrauma independent of EE-3-SO4 or Placebo administration.
Conclusions
EE-3-SO4 is efficacious in promoting survival and more rapidly restoring cardiovascular homeostasis following polytraumatic injuries in pre-hospital environments (rural and military) in the absence of standard therapies. Poly-therapeutic approaches targeting additional mechanisms (increased hemostasis, oxygen-carrying capacity, etc.) should be considered in future studies.
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Mayer AR, Dodd AB, Ling JM, Stephenson DD, Rannou-Latella JG, Vermillion MS, Mehos CJ, Johnson VE, Gigliotti AP, Dodd RJ, Chaudry IH, Meier TB, Smith DH, Bragin DE, Lai C, Wagner CL, Guedes VA, Gill JM, Kinsler R. Survival Rates and Biomarkers in a Large Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Combined With Two Different Levels of Blood Loss. Shock 2021; 55:554-562. [PMID: 32881755 PMCID: PMC8112147 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathology resulting from concurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS; TBI+HS) are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide following trauma. However, the majority of large animal models of TBI+HS have utilized focal/contusional injuries rather than incorporating the types of brain trauma (closed-head injury caused by dynamic acceleration) that typify human injury. OBJECTIVE To examine survival rates and effects on biomarkers from rotational TBI with two levels of HS. METHODS Twenty-two sexually mature Yucatan swine (30.39 ± 2.25 kg; 11 females) therefore underwent either Sham trauma procedures (n = 6) or a dynamic acceleration TBI combined with either 55% (n = 8) or 40% (n = 8) blood loss in this serial study. RESULTS Survival rates were significantly higher for the TBI+40% (87.5%) relative to TBI+55% (12.5%) cohort, with the majority of TBI+55% animals expiring within 2 h post-trauma from apnea. Blood-based neural biomarkers and immunohistochemistry indicated evidence of diffuse axonal injury (increased NFL/Aβ42), blood-brain barrier breach (increased immunoglobulin G) and inflammation (increased glial fibrillary acidic protein/ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) in the injured cohorts relative to Shams. Invasive hemodynamic measurements indicated increased shock index and decreased pulse pressure in both injury cohorts, with evidence of partial recovery for invasive hemodynamic measurements in the TBI+40% cohort. Similarly, although both injury groups demonstrated ionic and blood gas abnormalities immediately postinjury, metabolic acidosis continued to increase in the TBI+55% group ∼85 min postinjury. Somewhat surprisingly, both neural and physiological biomarkers showed significant changes within the Sham cohort across the multi-hour experimental procedure, most likely associated with prolonged anesthesia. CONCLUSION Current results suggest the TBI+55% model may be more appropriate for severe trauma requiring immediate medical attention/standard fluid resuscitation protocols whereas the TBI+40% model may be useful for studies of prolonged field care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Neurology Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Psychiatry Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Andrew B. Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Josef M. Ling
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David D. Stephenson
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Meghan S. Vermillion
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carissa J. Mehos
- Neurosciences Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Victoria E. Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery and Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew P. Gigliotti
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rebecca J. Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Irshad H. Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Timothy B. Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery and Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denis E. Bragin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Neurosurgery Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chelsea L. Wagner
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vivian A. Guedes
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica M. Gill
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Kinsler
- Enroute Care Group, U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, Alabama
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8
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Hubbard WJ, Yang S, Chaudry IH. Ethinyl estradiol sulfate acts without fluid resuscitation through estrogen receptors to rapidly protect the cardiovascular system from severe hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:353-359. [PMID: 33048911 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our in vivo rodent and pig model evidenced that estrogen and its derivative, ethinyl estradiol sulfate (EES), promote survival following hemorrhagic shock. To determine its mechanism, we first confirmed EES binding to estrogen receptor (ER) and improving/restoring cellular signaling, countering the assumption that EES, an ethinyl estradiol metabolite, is inactive. In addition, we examined if EES acts rapidly, consistent with nongenomic signaling. We selected the biomarkers of cardiovascular performance, reduction of apoptosis and proinflammatory responses, and elaboration of nitric oxide (NO) to validate efficacy. METHODS A rat trauma-hemorrhage model, consisting of a midline laparotomy and controlled bleeding (60% blood loss) without fluid resuscitation, was used. At 30 minutes after hemorrhage, heart performance was monitored, and Western blots were used to quantify biochemical analytes. The specificity of EES for ER was profiled with ER antagonists. Binding studies by Sekisui XenoTech (Kansas City, KS) determined an LD50 value for EES binding the rat ER. RESULTS The EES IC50 value was 1.52 × 10-8 Mol/L, consistent with pharmacologic efficacy. Ethinyl estradiol sulfate raised mean arterial pressure and ±derivative of pressure over time (dP/dT) significantly (but did not fully restore) within a 30-minute window. Levels of apoptosis and activation of NF-κB were dramatically reduced, as was elaboration of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase. Phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was restored to physiological levels. The restoration of cellular signaling occurs before restoration of cardiac contractility. CONCLUSION Ethinyl estradiol sulfate is a potent drug for improving heart performance, which also dramatically reduces damage by apoptosis, proinflammatory activity, and NO production, validating that EES can blunt multiple harmful outcomes arising from hypoxia and hypovolemia. The actions are dependent on receptor engagement, where specificity is confirmed by ER antagonists. The constraint of a 30-minute sampling window affirms that the responses are nongenomic and very likely restricted to cell-surface receptor engagement. The rapidity of these responses makes EES promising for intervention in the "golden hour."
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Hubbard
- From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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9
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Downing S, Chauhan V, Chaudry IH, Galwankar S, Sharma P, Stawicki SP. Colchicine, Aspirin, and Montelukast - A Case of Successful Combined Pharmacotherapy for Adult Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in COVID-19. J Glob Infect Dis 2020; 12:221-224. [PMID: 33888963 PMCID: PMC8045539 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_296_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many therapeutic strategies have been tried, with mixed results, to prevent and treat adult multisystem inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19 (AMIS-COVID-19). The reason behind this may the complex web of highly intertwined pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the corresponding human systemic response, leading to end-organ damage, disability, and death. Colchicine, high-dose aspirin, and montelukast are being investigated currently as potential modulators of AMIS-COVID-19 in patients who fail to improve with traditional therapeutic approaches. Here, we present a patient who presented with high fevers, extreme fatigue and dyspnea, and ongoing deterioration. As part of our clinical approach, we used the simultaneous combination of the three agents listed above, capitalizing on their different respective mechanisms of action against AMIS-COVID-19. Following the initiation of therapy, the patient showed symptomatic improvement within 24 h, with the ability to return to daily activities after 72 h of continued triple-agent approach. Based on this experience, we have reviewed the immunomodulatory basis of this regimen, including potential avenues in which it may prevent the development of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and its clinical manifestation, AMIS-COVID-19. By blocking the early stages of an inflammatory response, via diverse mechanistic pathways, the regimen in question may prove effective in halting the escalation of CRS and AMIS-COVID-19 in acutely symptomatic, nonimproving COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Downing
- Department of Medicine, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Vivek Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Irshad H. Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sagar Galwankar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Pushpa Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanislaw P. Stawicki
- Department of Research and Innovation, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Abstract
ABSTRACT In cancer patients, surgical removal of the primary tumor is one of the major steps within a multimodal therapy concept toward eliminating the disease and limiting further progression. In this respect, surgical trauma can have potent effects on the patient's immune system. Intraoperative blood loss associated with major surgical trauma leads to reduced blood flow, regional hypoxia, metabolic, and microenvironmental alterations stimulating an inflammatory response characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6) and acute-phase proteins. The inflammatory state is accompanied by and intertwined with a counter-regulatory anti-inflammatory response reflected in the rise of anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., transforming growth factor-β) and prostaglandins (i.e., prostaglandin E2) which can lead to a depression of cell-mediated immunity and systemic immunosuppression. This results in a highly vulnerable state with concurrent expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines alternately predominating. The immunosuppressive state is characterized by a reduced antigen-presentation capacity of macrophages, alterations in lymphocyte proliferation, and activation as well as a shift of the Th1/Th2 (T helper cells 1 and 2) balance toward Th2 and a decrease in natural killer cell activity. The severity of the immunosuppression thereby correlates with the extent and the duration of the surgical procedure. Growing evidence suggests that the immunosuppressive state following hemorrhage and surgical trauma might not only be a risk factor for postoperative complications but also facilitate tumor proliferation, metastatic growth, and recurrence. This article provides an overview of the cascade of events and underlying mechanisms resulting in immunosuppression and describes the impact of hemorrhage and major surgical trauma on tumor growth and recurrence. Attempts to control for perioperative inflammation thereby reducing the adverse effects of postoperative immunosuppression could have positive effects on tumor growth, metastasis formation, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pretzsch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Florian Bösch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bernhard Renz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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11
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Osuchowski MF, Ayala A, Bahrami S, Bauer M, Boros M, Cavaillon JM, Chaudry IH, Coopersmith CM, Deutschman C, Drechsler S, Efron P, Frostell C, Fritsch G, Gozdzik W, Hellman J, Huber-Lang M, Inoue S, Knapp S, Kozlov AV, Libert C, Marshall JC, Moldawer LL, Radermacher P, Redl H, Remick DG, Singer M, Thiemermann C, Wang P, Wiersinga WJ, Xiao X, Zingarelli B. Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis. Infection 2019; 46:687-691. [PMID: 30105433 PMCID: PMC6182493 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pre-clinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical sepsis definitions and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of pre-clinical models of sepsis has not been done and clear modeling guidelines are lacking. To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on pre-clinical sepsis modeling was held in Vienna in May, 2017. The conference goal was to identify limitations of pre-clinical sepsis models and to propose a set of guidelines, defined as the “Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies” (MQTiPSS), to enhance translational value of these models. Methods 31 experts from 13 countries participated and were divided into 6 thematic Working Groups (WG): (1) Study Design, (2) Humane modeling, (3) Infection types, (4) Organ failure/dysfunction, (5) Fluid resuscitation and (6) Antimicrobial therapy endpoints. As basis for the MQTiPSS discussions, the participants conducted a literature review of the 260 most highly cited scientific articles on sepsis models (2002–2013). Results Overall, the participants reached consensus on 29 points; 20 at “recommendation” (R) and 9 at “consideration” (C) strength. This Executive Summary provides a synopsis of the MQTiPSS consensus (Tables 1, 2 and 3). Conclusions We believe that these recommendations and considerations will serve to bring a level of standardization to pre-clinical models of sepsis and ultimately improve translation of pre-clinical findings. These guideline points are proposed as “best practices” that should be implemented for animal sepsis models. In order to encourage its wide dissemination, this article is freely accessible in Shock, Infection and Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mihaly Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Irshad H Chaudry
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Clifford Deutschman
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Efron
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Claes Frostell
- Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Fritsch
- AUVA Traumacenter, Vienna, Austria
- Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Judith Hellman
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine 1, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John C Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anaesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Development, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Chagnsha, Hunan, China
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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12
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Abstract
Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in people younger than 45 years and is thus a source of immense social and economic burden. In recent years, the knowledge concerning gender medicine has continuously increased. A number of studies have reported gender dimorphism in terms of response to trauma, shock and sepsis. However, the advantageous outcome following trauma-hemorrhage in females is not due only to sex. Rather, it is due to the prevailing hormonal milieu of the victim. In this respect, various experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of estrogen for the central nervous system, the cardiopulmonary system, the liver, the kidneys, the immune system, and for the overall survival of the host. Nonetheless, there remains a gap between the bench and the bedside. This is most likely because clinical studies have not accounted for the estrus cycle. This review attempts to provide an overview of the current level of knowledge and highlights the most important organ systems responding to trauma, shock and sepsis. There continues to be a need for clinical studies on the prevailing hormonal milieu following trauma, shock and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bösch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin K Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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13
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Osuchowski MF, Ayala A, Bahrami S, Bauer M, Boros M, Cavaillon JM, Chaudry IH, Coopersmith CM, Deutschman CS, Drechsler S, Efron P, Frostell C, Fritsch G, Gozdzik W, Hellman J, Huber-Lang M, Inoue S, Knapp S, Kozlov AV, Libert C, Marshall JC, Moldawer LL, Radermacher P, Redl H, Remick DG, Singer M, Thiemermann C, Wang P, Wiersinga WJ, Xiao X, Zingarelli B. Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS): An International Expert Consensus Initiative for Improvement of Animal Modeling in Sepsis. Shock 2018; 50:377-380. [PMID: 30106875 PMCID: PMC6133201 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of preclinical models of sepsis has not been done and clear modeling guidelines are lacking. To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on preclinical sepsis modeling was held in Vienna in May, 2017. The goal of the conference was to identify limitations of preclinical sepsis models and to propose a set of guidelines, defined as the "Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies" (MQTiPSS), to enhance translational value of these models. A total of 31 experts from 13 countries participated and were divided into six thematic Working Groups: Study Design, Humane modeling, Infection types, Organ failure/dysfunction, Fluid resuscitation, and Antimicrobial therapy endpoints. As basis for the MQTiPSS discussions, the participants conducted a literature review of the 260 most highly cited scientific articles on sepsis models (2002-2013). Overall, the participants reached consensus on 29 points; 20 at "recommendation" and nine at "consideration" strength. This Executive Summary provides a synopsis of the MQTiPSS consensus. We believe that these recommendations and considerations will serve to bring a level of standardization to preclinical models of sepsis and ultimately improve translation of preclinical findings. These guideline points are proposed as "best practices" for animal models of sepsis that should be implemented. To encourage its wide dissemination, this article is freely accessible on the Intensive Care Medicine Experimental and Infection journal websites. In order to encourage its wide dissemination, this article is freely accessible in Shock, Infection, and Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin F. Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mihaly Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Irshad H. Chaudry
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Efron
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Claes Frostell
- Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Fritsch
- AUVA Trauma Center, Vienna, Austria
- Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Judith Hellman
- University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John C. Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anaesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Development, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Chagnsha, Hunan, China
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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14
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Osuchowski MF, Ayala A, Bahrami S, Bauer M, Boros M, Cavaillon JM, Chaudry IH, Coopersmith CM, Deutschman C, Drechsler S, Efron P, Frostell C, Fritsch G, Gozdzik W, Hellman J, Huber-Lang M, Inoue S, Knapp S, Kozlov AV, Libert C, Marshall JC, Moldawer LL, Radermacher P, Redl H, Remick DG, Singer M, Thiemermann C, Wang P, Wiersinga WJ, Xiao X, Zingarelli B. Minimum quality threshold in pre-clinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:26. [PMID: 30112605 PMCID: PMC6093828 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-clinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of pre-clinical models of sepsis has not been done and clear modeling guidelines are lacking. Objective To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on pre-clinical sepsis modeling was held in Vienna in May 2017. The goal of the conference was to identify limitations of pre-clinical sepsis models and to propose a set of guidelines, defined as the “Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies” (MQTiPSS), to enhance translational value of these models. Methods A total of 31 experts from 13 countries participated and were divided into 6 thematic working groups (WG): (1) study design, (2) humane modeling, (3) infection types, (4) organ failure/dysfunction, (5) fluid resuscitation, and (6) antimicrobial therapy endpoints. As basis for the MQTiPSS discussions, the participants conducted a literature review of the 260 most highly cited scientific articles on sepsis models (2002–2013). Results Overall, the participants reached consensus on 29 points; 20 at “recommendation” (R) and 9 at “consideration” (C) strength. This executive summary provides a synopsis of the MQTiPSS consensus (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Detailed commentaries to all Rs and Cs are simultaneously published in three separate full-length papers. Conclusions We believe that these recommendations and considerations will serve to bring a level of standardization to pre-clinical models of sepsis and ultimately improve translation of pre-clinical findings. These guideline points are proposed as “best practices” for animal models of sepsis that should be implemented. In order to encourage its wide dissemination, this article is freely accessible in Shock, Infection and Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Rhode Island Hospital & Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mihaly Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Irshad H Chaudry
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Clifford Deutschman
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Efron
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Claes Frostell
- Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Fritsch
- AUVA Traumacenter, Vienna, Austria.,Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Judith Hellman
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine 1, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John C Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anaesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Development, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Willem Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Chagnsha, Hunan, China
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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15
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Kim H, Yu T, Cam-Etoz B, van Groen T, Hubbard WJ, Chaudry IH. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with 17α-ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate in a rat model. J Neurosurg 2017; 127:23-31. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.7.jns161263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE17α-ethynylestradiol-3-sulfate (EE-3-SO4) is a highly water-soluble synthetic estrogen that has an extended half-life (∼ 10 hours) over that of naturally occurring estrogen (∼ 10 minutes). In this study, EE-3-SO4 was evaluated in a lateral fluid percussion–induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in rats.METHODSA total of 9 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats underwent craniectomy. Twenty-four hours later, lateral fluid percussion was applied to 6 groups of animals to induce TBI; the remaining 3 groups served as sham control groups. EE-3-SO4 (1 mg/kg body weight in 0.4 ml/kg body weight) or saline (vehicle control) was injected intravenously 1 hour after TBI; saline was injected in all sham animals. One day after EE-3-SO4/saline injection, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and partial brain oxygen pressure (PbtO2) were measured in Groups 1–3 (2 TBI groups and 1 sham group), and brain edema, diffusion axonal injury, and cerebral glycolysis were assessed in Groups 4–6 using MRI T2 mapping, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and FDG-PET imaging, respectively. Four days after dosing, the open-field anxiety of animals was assessed in Groups 7–9 by measuring the duration that each animal spent in the center area of an open chamber during 4 minutes of monitoring.RESULTSEE-3-SO4 significantly lowered ICP while raising CPP and PbtO2, compared with vehicle treatment in TBI-induced animals (p < 0.05). The mean size of cerebral edema of TBI animals treated with EE-3-SO4 was 25 ± 3 mm3 (mean ± SE), which was significantly smaller than that of vehicle-treated animals (67 ± 6 mm3, p < 0.001). Also, EE-3-SO4 treatment significantly increased the fractional anisotropy of the white matter in the ipsilateral side (p = 0.003) and cerebral glycolysis (p = 0.014). The mean duration that EE-3-SO4-treated animals spent in the center area was 12 ± 2 seconds, which was significantly longer than that of vehicle-treated animals (4 ± 1 seconds; p = 0.008) but not different from that of sham animals (11 ± 3 seconds; p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese data support the clinical use of EE-3-SO4 for early TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Betul Cam-Etoz
- 3Department of Physiology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Thomas van Groen
- 4Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender is increasingly recognized as a key factor in trauma and sepsis. Multiple clinical and experimental studies on sepsis have shown a distinct advantage of females in the proestrus cycle to survive sepsis compared with age-matched males. In addition, estrogen treatment is beneficial in non-proestrus cycles and also in ovarectomized females. In this manuscript, the effects of gender and sex hormones in sepsis are summarized and potential gender-specific therapeutic strategies in women are evaluated. AREAS COVERED This review comprises current clinical studies on the effect of gender in sepsis and gives an overview on gender and sex hormone-related effects on immune cells and organ function. Based on clinical and experimental data, potential therapeutic targets are presented. EXPERT OPINION Estrogens and estrogen-receptor agonists have been extensively shown to be beneficial in the setting of sepsis. Clinical data, however, do not clearly support their therapeutic use. This discrepancy appears to be mainly due to insufficient study design in clinical trials conducted up to now. Therefore, improved study protocols with exact analysis of the patients' hormonal status are needed to clarify the role of gender and sex hormones in trauma and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Weniger
- a 1 Ludwig Maximilians-University, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Campus Grosshadern , Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D'Haese
- b 2 Ludwig Maximilians-University, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Campus Grosshadern , Munich, Germany
| | - Martin K Angele
- c 3 Ludwig Maximilians-University, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Campus Grosshadern , Munich, Germany
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- d 4 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery , G094 Volker Hall, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA +1 205 975 2195 ; +1 205 975 9719 ;
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Abstract
Estrogen plays an important role as a neuroprotector in the central nervous system (CNS), directly interacting with neurons and regulating physiological properties of non-neuronal cells. Here we evaluated estrogen sulfate (E2-SO4) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a Sprague-Dawley rat model. TBI was induced via lateral fluid percussion (LFP) at 24 h after craniectomy. E2-SO4 (1 mg/kg BW in 1 mL/kg BW) or saline (served as control) was intravenously administered at 1 h after TBI (n=5/group). Intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and partial brain oxygen pressure (pbtO2) were measured for 2 h (from 23 to 25 h after E2-SO4 injection). Brain edema and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) were assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and cerebral glycolysis was measured by (18)F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, at 1 and 7 days after E2-SO4 injection. E2-SO4 significantly decreased ICP, while increasing CPP and pbtO2 (p<0.05) as compared with vehicle-treated TBI rats. The edema size in the brains of the E2-SO4 treated group was also significantly smaller than that of vehicle-treated group at 1 day after E2-SO4 injection (p=0.04), and cerebral glycolysis of injured region was also increased significantly during the same time period (p=0.04). However, E2-SO4 treatment did not affect DAI (p>0.05). These findings demonstrated the potential benefits of E2-SO4 in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Kim
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Betul Cam-Etoz
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Guihua Zhai
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William J Hubbard
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- 1 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Hubbard W, Keith J, Berman J, Miller M, Scott C, Peck C, Chaudry IH. 17α-ethynylestradiol-3-sulfate treatment of severe blood loss in rats. J Surg Res 2015; 193:355-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jian B, Yang S, Chaudry IH, Raju R. Resveratrol restores sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression after hemorrhagic injury in a rat model. Mol Med 2014; 20:10-6. [PMID: 24395567 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hemorrhage leads to decreased blood flow to tissues resulting in decreased oxygen and nutrient availability affecting mitochondrial function. A mitoscriptome profiling study demonstrated alteration in several genes related to mitochondria, consistent with the mitochondrial functional decline observed after trauma hemorrhage (T-H). Our experiments led to the identification of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as a potential target in T-H. Administration of resveratrol (a naturally occurring polyphenol and activator of SIRT1) after T-H improved left ventricular function and tissue ATP levels. Our hypothesis was that mitochondrial function after T-H depends on SIRT1 activity. In this study, we evaluated the activity of SIRT1, a mitochondrial functional modulator, and the mitochondrial-glycolytic balance after T-H. We determined the changes in protein levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-1 and nuclear c-Myc, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and NF-E2-related factor (NRF)2 after T-H and after treatment with resveratrol or a combination of sirtinol (a SIRT1 inhibitor) and resveratrol. We have also tested the activity of mitochondrial complex 1. SIRT1 enzyme activity was significantly decreased after T-H, whereas resveratrol treatment restored the activity. We found elevated PDK1 and c-Myc levels and decreased PGC-1α, NRF2 and mitochondrial complex I activity after T-H. The reduced SIRT1 activity after T-H may be related to declining mitochondrial function, since resveratrol was able to reinstate SIRT1 activity and mitochondrial function. The elevated level of PDK1 (an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) after T-H indicates a possible shift in cellular energetics from mitochondria to glycolysis. In conclusion, SIRT1 modulation alters left ventricular function after T-H through regulation of cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Jian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shaolong Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raghavan Raju
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Abstract
During sepsis, a complex network of cytokine, immune, and endothelial cell interactions occur and disturbances in the microcirculation cause organ dysfunction or even failure leading to high mortality in those patients. In this respect, numerous experimental and clinical studies indicate sex-specific differences in infectious diseases and sepsis.
Female gender has been demonstrated to be protective under such conditions, whereas male gender may be deleterious due to a diminished cell-mediated immune response and cardiovascular functions. Male sex hormones, i.e., androgens, have been shown to be suppressive on cell-mediated immune responses. In contrast, female sex hormones exhibit protective effects which may contribute to the natural advantages of females under septic conditions. Thus, the hormonal status has to be considered when treating septic patients.
Therefore, potential therapies could be derived from this knowledge. In this respect, administration of female sex hormones (estrogens and their precursors) may exert beneficial effects. Alternatively, blockade of male sex hormone receptors could result in maintained immune responses under adverse circulatory conditions. Finally, administration of agents that influence enzymes synthesizing female sex hormones which attenuate the levels of pro-inflammatory agents might exert salutary effects in septic patients. Prospective patient studies are required for transferring those important experimental findings into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Angele
- Department of Surgery; Klinikum Grosshadern; Munich, Germany
| | | | - William J Hubbard
- Center for Surgical Research; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Irshad H Chaudry
- Center for Surgical Research; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
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21
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Day NL, Floyd CL, D'Alessandro TL, Hubbard WJ, Chaudry IH. 17β-estradiol confers protection after traumatic brain injury in the rat and involves activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:1531-41. [PMID: 23659385 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem in the United States. Despite preclinical success of various drugs, to date all clinical trials investigating potential therapeutics have failed. Recently, sex steroid hormones have sparked interest as possible neuroprotective agents after traumatic injury. One of these is 17β-estradiol (E2), the most abundant and potent endogenous vertebrate estrogen. The goal of our study was to investigate the acute potential protective effects of E2 or the specific G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) agonist G-1 when administered in an intravenous bolus dose 1 hour post-injury in the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) rodent model of TBI. The results of this study show that, when assessed at 24 hours post-injury, E2 or G-1 confers protection in adult male rats subjected to LFP brain injury. Specifically, we found that an acute bolus dose of E2 or G-1 administered intravenously 1 hour post-TBI significantly increases neuronal survival in the ipsilateral CA 2/3 region of the hippocampus and decreases neuronal degeneration and apoptotic cell death in both the ipsilateral cortex and CA 2/3 region of the hippocampus. We also report a significant reduction in astrogliosis in the ipsilateral cortex, hilus, and CA 2/3 region of the hippocampus. Finally, these effects were observed to be chiefly dose-dependent for E2, with the 5 mg/kg dose generating a more robust level of protection. Our findings further elucidate estrogenic compounds as a clinically relevant pharmacotherapeutic strategy for treatment of secondary injury following TBI, and intriguingly, reveal a novel potential therapeutic target in GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Day
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Spain Rehabilitation Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Kawasaki T, Chaudry IH. The effects of estrogen on various organs: therapeutic approach for sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury. Part 1: central nervous system, lung, and heart. J Anesth 2012; 26:883-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Investigators continue to debate whether gender plays any role in patient outcome following injury/critical illness. We submit that age and hormonal milieu at the time of injury, rather than gender, are the critical factors influencing patient outcome under those conditions.
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Jian B, Yang S, Chaudry IH, Raju R. Resveratrol improves cardiac contractility following trauma-hemorrhage by modulating Sirt1. Mol Med 2012; 18:209-14. [PMID: 22113495 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in metabolic homeostasis of a cell. Our recent studies, based on the reported interrelationship between c-Myc and Sirt1 (mammalian orthologue of yeast sir2 [silent information regulator 2]) expression and their role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, demonstrated a significant downregulation of Sirt1 protein expression and an upregulation of c-Myc following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Activators of Sirt1 are known to improve mitochondrial function and the naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to significantly increase Sirt1 activity by increasing its affinity to both NAD+ and the acetylated substrate. In this study we tested the salutary effect of RSV following T-H and its influence on Sirt1 expression. Rats were subjected to T-H or sham operation. RSV (8 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) or vehicle was administered 10 min after the onset of resuscitation, and the rats were killed 2 h following resuscitation. Sirtinol, a Sirt1 inhibitor, was administered 5 min prior to RSV administration. Cardiac contractility (±dP/dt) was measured and heart tissue was tested for Sirt1, Pgc-1α, c-Myc, cytosolic cytochrome C expression and ATP level. Left ventricular function, after T-H, was improved (P < 0.05) following RSV treatment, with significantly elevated expression of Sirt1 (P < 0.05) and Pgc-1α (P < 0.05), and decreased c-Myc (P < 0.05). We also observed significantly higher cardiac ATP content, declined cytosolic cytochrome C and decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α in the T-H-RSV group. The salutary effect due to RSV was abolished by sirtinol, indicating a Sirt1-mediated effect. We conclude that RSV may be a useful adjunct to resuscitation fluid following T-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Jian
- Center for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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25
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Wang YY, Ryg U, Dahle MK, Steffensen KR, Thiemermann C, Chaudry IH, Reinholt FP, Collins JL, Nebb HI, Aasen AO, Gustafsson JÅ, Wang JE. Liver X receptor protects against liver injury in sepsis caused by rodent cecal ligation and puncture. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011; 12:283-9. [PMID: 21815813 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2010.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver X receptor (LXR) is a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, regulating genes involved in metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. In the present investigation, we examined the role of LXR in organ injury and systemic inflammation in rodent models of polymicrobial peritonitis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS Rats were subjected to CLP sepsis or a sham operation. Some were treated with the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 0.3 mg/kg 30 min prior to the CLP procedure, and organs and plasma were harvested at 3, 10, 18, or 24 h. Organs were analyzed for RNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or for morphologic differences by histologic review. Organ injury and inflammatory markers were measured in plasma. RESULTS Expression of the LXRα gene was decreased in the livers of CLP rats compared with sham-operated rats. Administration of a synthetic agonist of LXR (GW3965) reduced biochemical indices of liver injury in the blood of CLP rats. We also demonstrated that liver injury associated with CLP is aggravated in LXRα- and LXRαβ-deficient mice compared with wild-type and LXRβ-deficient mice, indicating a role for LXRα in protecting the liver. The enhanced liver injury in LXR-deficient mice was associated with elevated plasma concentrations of high mobility group box 1, a late mediator of inflammation and a known factor in the pathology of this model. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results argue in favor of a role for LXRα in protection against liver injury in experimental sepsis induced by CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yong Wang
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet HF, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
A significant number of burn and other traumatic injuries are reported to occur under the influence of alcohol (EtOH) intoxication. Despite this overwhelming association between EtOH intoxication and injury, relatively little attention has been paid to determining the role of EtOH in post-injury pathogenesis. This article reviews studies which have evaluated the impact of EtOH on post-burn intestinal immunity and barrier functions. The findings from these studies suggest that while a smaller burn injury by itself may not have an adverse effect on host defense, when combined with prior EtOH intoxication it may become detrimental. Experimental data from our laboratory further supports the notion that EtOH intoxication before burn injury suppresses intestinal immune defense, impairs gut barrier functions, and increases bacterial growth. This results in increased bacterial translocation which may contribute to post injury pathogenesis. Altogether, the studies reviewed in this article suggest that EtOH intoxication at the time of injury is a risk factor, and therefore blood EtOH should be checked in burn/trauma patients at the time of hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Thobe BM, Frink M, Hildebrand F, Schwacha MG, Hubbard WJ, Choudhry MA, Chaudry IH. Erratum: The role of MAPK in Kupffer cell toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, TLR4-, and TLR9-mediated signaling following trauma-hemorrhage. J Cell Physiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Suzuki T, Kawasaki T, Choudhry MA, Chaudry IH. Role of PPARγ in the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on Kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:205-11. [PMID: 20665707 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that administration of 17β-estradiol prevents trauma-hemorrhage-induced increase in proinflammatory cytokine production by Kupffer cells and associated multiple organ injury. Since activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) following ischemic conditions has been shown to be protective, we examined if PPARγ plays any role in the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on Kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage. Male mice underwent trauma-hemorrhage (mean blood pressure 40 mmHg for 90 min, then resuscitation). 17β-estradiol (50 µg/kg) or vehicle with or without PPARγ antagonist GW9662 was injected subcutaneously at the middle of resuscitation. At 2 h after trauma-hemorrhage, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, Kupffer cell IL-6 and TNF-α production and mRNA expression, and PPARγ, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding activity were determined. Kupffer cell IL-6 and TNF-α production, as well as plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased following trauma-hemorrhage. Moreover, NF-κB and AP-1 DNA binding activity and IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression were also enhanced under such conditions. However, 17β-estradiol administration normalized all these parameters. Although PPARγ activity decreased after trauma-hemorrhage, administration of 17β-estradiol following trauma-hemorrhage elevated PPARγ activity above the normal level. Inhibition of PPARγ by co-administration of GW9662, however, abolished the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on plasma cytokine and Kupffer cells. Thus, activation of PPARγ appears to play an important role in mediating the salutary effects of 17β-estradiol on plasma cytokine levels and Kupffer cell cytokine production after trauma-hemorrhage, which are likely mediated via NF-κB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Suzuki
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Kawasaki T, Kawasaki C, Sata T, Chaudry IH. Lidocaine suppresses mouse Peyer's Patch T cell functions and induces bacterial translocation. Surgery 2010; 149:106-13. [PMID: 20466400 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal mucosa is an important route of entry for microbial pathogens. The immune cells of Peyer's patch (PP) compartments contribute to the active immune response against infection. Although local anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice, it remains unclear whether local anesthetics such as lidocaine affect PP T cell functions. METHODS The aim of this study was to examine if lidocaine has any effects on mouse PP T cell functions. To test this, freshly isolated mouse Peyer's patch T cells were incubated with lidocaine. The effects of lidocaine on concanavalin A-stimulated PP T cell proliferation and cytokine production were assessed. The effect of lidocaine on PP T cell mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was also assessed. RESULTS The results indicate that lidocaine suppresses cell proliferation, cytokine production, and MAPK activation in PP T cells. Furthermore, we found that the chronic in vivo exposure to lidocaine increases bacterial accumulation in PP. CONCLUSION The enhanced immunosuppressive effects of lidocaine on PP T cell functions could contribute to the host's enhanced susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawasaki
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Kawasaki T, Suzuki T, Choudhry MA, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Salutary effects of 17beta-estradiol on Peyer's patch T cell functions following trauma-hemorrhage. Cytokine 2010; 51:166-72. [PMID: 20400328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves immune functions in male rodents, it remains unclear whether E2 has salutary effects on Peyer's patch (PP) T cell functions. We hypothesized that T-H induces PP T cell dysfunction and E2 administration following T-H will improve PP T cell function. T-H was induced in male C3H/HeN mice (6-8weeks) by midline laparotomy and approximately 90min of hemorrhagic shock (blood pressure 35mmHg), followed by fluid resuscitation (4x the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer's lactate). Estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT; 5microg/kg), ER-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN; 5microg/kg), E2 (50microg/kg), or vehicle was injected subcutaneously at resuscitation onset. Two hours later, mice were sacrificed and PP T cells isolated. PP T cell capacity to produce cytokines in response to in vitro stimulation, PP T cell proliferation and MAPK (p38, ERK-1/2, JNK) activation were measured. Results indicate PP T cell proliferation, cytokine production and MAPK activation decreased significantly following T-H. E2, PPT or DPN administration normalized these parameters. Since PPT or DPN administration following T-H was effective in normalizing PP T cell functions, the salutary effects of E2 are mediated via ER-alpha and ER-beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawasaki
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, G094 Volker Hall, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Kozlov AV, Duvigneau JC, Hyatt TC, Raju R, Behling T, Hartl RT, Staniek K, Miller I, Gregor W, Redl H, Chaudry IH. Effect of estrogen on mitochondrial function and intracellular stress markers in rat liver and kidney following trauma-hemorrhagic shock and prolonged hypotension. Mol Med 2010; 16:254-61. [PMID: 20379612 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) is known to impair tissue perfusion, leading to tissue hypoxia, and thus affecting mitochondria, the organelles with the highest oxygen demand. In a model of T-H and prolonged hypotension without fluid resuscitation, administration of a small volume of 17beta-estradiol (E2), but not vehicle, prolonged the survival of rats for 3 h, even in the absence of fluid resuscitation. The main finding of this study is that T-H followed by prolonged hypotension significantly affects mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and free iron levels, and that E2 ameliorated all these changes. All of these changes were observed in the liver but not in the kidney. The sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to exogenous cytochrome c can reflect increased permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane for cytochrome c. Increased levels of free iron are indicative of oxidative stress, but neither oxidative nor nitrosylative stress markers changed. The spliced isoform of XBP1 mRNA (an early marker of ER stress) and the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) (a protein regulating ER stress-induced apoptosis) were elevated in T-H animals but remained unchanged if T-H rats received E2. Both the prevention of elevated sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to cytochrome c and a decrease in ER stress by E2 maintain functional integrity of the liver and may help the organ during prolonged hypotension and following resuscitation. A decrease in free iron levels by E2 is more relevant for resuscitation, often accompanied by oxidative stress reaction. Thus, E2 appears to be a novel hormonal adjunct that prolongs permissive hypotension during lengthy transportation of the injured patient between the injury site and the hospital in both civilian and military injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA, Vienna, Austria
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Yang S, Hu S, Choudhry MA, Rue LW, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Corrigendum to “Anti-rat soluble IL-6 receptor antibody down-regulates cardiac IL-6 and improves cardiac function following trauma–hemorrhage” [J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 42 (2007) 620–630]. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
This is the Fourth article in the Journal's series on major trauma. Chaudry and Bland, leading experts in the field, consider the cellular implications of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Chaudry
- Center for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Hsieh CH, Hsu JT, Hsieh YC, Frink M, Raju R, Hubbard WJ, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Suppression of activation and costimulatory signaling in splenic CD4+ T cells after trauma-hemorrhage reduces T-cell function: a mechanism of post-traumatic immune suppression. Am J Pathol 2009; 175:1504-14. [PMID: 19729482 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced immune function is frequently a consequence of serious injury such as trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Injury may lead to reduced T-cell activation, resulting in decreased engagement of costimulatory molecules after antigen recognition and in subsequent immunological compromise and anergy. We hypothesized that inhibition of CD28 expression is one possible mechanism by which immune functions are suppressed after T-H. Male C3H/HeN mice (with or without ovalbumin immunization) were subjected to sham operation or T-H and sacrificed after 24 hours. Splenic T cells were then stimulated with concanavalin A or ovalbumin in vivo or in vitro, and CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), CD69, and phospho-Akt expression was determined. T-cell proliferation/cytokine production was measured in vitro. Stimulation-induced CD69, CD28, and phospho-Akt up-regulation were significantly impaired after T-H compared with sham-operated animals; however, CTLA-4 expression was significantly higher in the T-H group. Over a 3-day span, stimulated T cells from sham-operated animals showed significantly higher proliferation compared with the T-H group. IL-2 and IFN-gamma were elevated in sham-operated animals, whereas IL-4 and IL-5 rose in the T-H group, revealing a shift from T(H)1 to T(H)2 type cytokine production after T-H. Dysregulation of the T-cell costimulatory pathway is therefore likely to be a significant contributor to post-traumatic immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsun Hsieh
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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Li X, Chaudry IH, Choudhry MA. ERK and not p38 pathway is required for IL-12 restoration of T cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma in a rodent model of alcohol intoxication and burn injury. J Immunol 2009; 183:3955-62. [PMID: 19710466 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that acute alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) intoxication combined with burn injury suppresses T cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by inhibiting p38 and ERK activation. Because IL-12 plays a major role in Th1 differentiation and IFN-gamma production, we examined whether diminished IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after EtOH plus burn injury resulted from a decrease in IL-12. Furthermore, we investigated whether IL-12 utilizes the p38/ERK pathway to modulate T cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after EtOH and burn injury. Male rats ( approximately 250 g) were gavaged with 5 ml of 20% EtOH 4 h before approximately 12.5% total body surface area burn or sham injury. Rats were sacrificed on day 1 after injury, and mesenteric lymph node T cells were isolated. T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 in the absence or presence of rIL-12 (10 ng/ml) for 5 min and lysed. Lysates were analyzed for p38/ERK protein and phosphorylation levels using specific Abs and Western blot. In some experiments, T cells were cultured for 48 h with or without the inhibitors of p38 (10 microM SB203580/SB202190) or ERK (50 microM PD98059) to delineate the role of p38 and ERK in IL-12-mediated restoration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Our findings indicate that IL-12 normalizes both p38 and ERK activation in T cells, but the results obtained using p38 and ERK inhibitors indicate that the restoration of ERK plays a predominant role in IL-12-mediated restoration of T cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after EtOH and burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Institute and Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Akhtar S, Li X, Chaudry IH, Choudhry MA. Neutrophil chemokines and their role in IL-18-mediated increase in neutrophil O2- production and intestinal edema following alcohol intoxication and burn injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G340-7. [PMID: 19497959 PMCID: PMC2724079 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00044.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemokines (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 in the neutrophil release of superoxide anion (O2-) and elastase following alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) and burn injury. Male rats (approximately 250 g) were gavaged with EtOH to achieve a blood EtOH level of approximately 100 mg/dl before approximately 12.5% total body surface area burn or sham injury. Immediately after injury, rats were administered with anti-rat IL-18 antibody (80 microg/kg) or isotype control. After 20 min, anti-IL-18 antibody-treated rats were given either recombinant (r) rat CINC-1 or CINC-3. On day 1 after injury, the combined insult of EtOH and burn injury caused a significant increase in neutrophil elastase and O2- production as well as an increase in neutrophil accumulation, myeloperoxidase activity, and edema in the intestine. Treatment of rats with anti-IL-18 antibody normalized the above parameters. However, administration of rCINC-1 in anti-IL-18 antibody-treated rats increased the above parameters to levels similar to those observed following EtOH and burn injury. In contrast, administration of rCINC-3 did not influence the above parameters except neutrophil elastase. These findings indicate that IL-18 and CINC-1 may independently modulate neutrophil tissue-damaging actions following EtOH and burn injury. However, the finding that the treatment of rats with anti-IL-18 antibodies inhibits CINC-1 and CINC-3 supports the notion that IL-18 plays a critical role in increased neutrophil tissue-damaging action following a combined insult of EtOH intoxication and burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Akhtar
- Burn and Shock Trauma Institute and Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois; Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Burn and Shock Trauma Institute and Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois; Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Irshad H. Chaudry
- Burn and Shock Trauma Institute and Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois; Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn and Shock Trauma Institute and Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois; Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Walz CR, Zedler S, Schneider CP, Albertsmeier M, Loehe F, Bruns CJ, Faist E, Chaudry IH, Angele MK. The potential role of T-cells and their interaction with antigen-presenting cells in mediating immunosuppression following trauma-hemorrhage. Innate Immun 2009; 15:233-41. [PMID: 19586998 DOI: 10.1177/1753425909104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma-hemorrhage results in depressed immune responses of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T-cells. Recent studies suggest a key role of depressed T-cell derived interferon (IFN)-g in this complex immune cell interaction. The aim of this study was to elucidate further the underlying mechanisms responsible for dysfunctional T-cells and their interaction with APCs following trauma-hemorrhage. DESIGN Adult C3H/HeN male mice were subjected to trauma-hemorrhage (3-cm midline laparotomy) followed by hemorrhage (blood pressure of 35 +/- 5 mmHg for 90 min and resuscitation) or sham operation. At 24 h thereafter, spleens were harvested and T-cells (by Microbeads) and APCs (via adherence) were Isolated. Co-cultures of T-cells and APCs were established for 48 h and stimulated with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. T-Cell specific cytokines known to affect APC function (i.e. interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)) were measured in culture supernatants by Multiplex assay. The expression of MHC class II as well as co-stimulatory surface molecules on T-cells and APCs was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The release of IL-4 and GM-CSF by T-cells was suppressed following trauma-hemorrhage, irrespective of whether sham or trauma-hemorrhage APCs were present. Antigen-presenting cells from animals subjected to trauma-hemorrhage did not affect T-cell derived cytokine release by sham T-cells. In contrast, T-cells from trauma-hemorrhage animals depressed MHC class II expression of CD11c(+) cells, irrespective of whether APCs underwent sham or trauma-hemorrhage procedure. Surprisingly, co-stimulatory molecules on APCs (CD80, CD86) were not affected by trauma-hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that beside IFN-g other T-cell derived cytokines contribute to immunosuppression following trauma-hemorrhage causing diminished MHC II expression on APCs. Thus, T-cells appear to play an important role in this interaction at the time-point examined. Therapeutic approaches should aim at maintenance of T-cell function and their interaction with APCs to prevent extended immunosuppression following trauma-hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Walz
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Hsieh CH, Nickel EA, Chen J, Schwacha MG, Choudhry MA, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Mechanism of the salutary effects of estrogen on kupffer cell phagocytic capacity following trauma-hemorrhage: pivotal role of Akt activation. J Immunol 2009; 182:4406-14. [PMID: 19299741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are macrophages in the liver whose major role is to clear circulating pathogens. Decreased phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells may result in severe systemic infection. We tested the hypothesis that the depressed Kupffer cell phagocytic capacity following trauma-hemorrhage is enhanced by estrogen administration and this occurs due to maintenance of Fc receptor expression and cellular ATP content via the activation of Akt. Male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to sham operation or trauma-hemorrhage and sacrificed 2 h thereafter. Estrogen, with or without an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780), a PI3K inhibitor (Wortmannin), or vehicle, was injected during resuscitation. Kupffer cell phagocytic capacity was tested in vivo. The expression of Fc receptors, of Akt phosphorylation, of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, of DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and ATP content of Kupffer cells were also determined. Trauma-hemorrhage suppressed Kupffer cell phagocytosis by decreasing Fc receptor expression and Akt activation; however, it induced p38 MAPK activation and increased NF-kappaB activity. Cellular ATP levels were also decreased following trauma-hemorrhage. Administration of estrogen following trauma-hemorrhage increased phospho-Akt levels and normalized all the parameters described as well as plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10. Coadministration of ICI 182,780 or Wortmannin abolished the beneficial effects of estrogen in improving the phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells following trauma-hemorrhage. Thus, activation of Akt plays a crucial role in mediating the salutary effect of estrogen in restoring trauma-hemorrhage-induced suppression of Kupffer cell phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsun Hsieh
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 35294, USA
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Yang S, Hu S, Chen J, Choudhry MA, Rue LW, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Mechanism of hepatoprotection in proestrus female rats following trauma-hemorrhage: heme oxygenase-1-derived normalization of hepatic inflammatory responses. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 85:1015-26. [PMID: 19244165 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic damage occurs in males and ovariectomized (OVX), not in proestrus (PE), females following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). The mechanism responsible for hepatoprotection remains unknown. We hypothesized protection in PE is a result of enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-derived down-regulation of liver inflammatory responses. PE and OVX rats underwent T-H (midline laparotomy, 60% blood loss). PE rats received vehicle (Veh; saline), HO-1 inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin IX chloride (CrMP; 2.5 mg/kg), zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP; 25 mg/kg), or Akt/PI-3K inhibitor Wortmannin (Wort; 1 mg/kg) 30 min prior to resuscitation or sham operation i.p. OVX rats received Veh or 17beta-estradiol (E2; 1 mg/kg) 30 min before hemorrhage. Rats were killed 2 h thereafter. Following T-H, left ventricular performance was maintained in PE and E2 OVX rats but was depressed in OVX and CrMP-, ZnPP-, and Wort-treated PE rats; liver damage was not evident in PE rats, and CrMP, ZnPP, and Wort abrogated protection; liver HO-1, p38 MAPK, Akt/PI3K, and Bcl-2 expression increased in PE and E2 OVX rats, which was abrogated by CrMP, ZnPP, and Wort, and liver ICAM-1, caspase-3, phospho-IkappaB-alpha, and NF-kappaB expression increased in OVX and CrMP-, ZnPP-, and Wort-PE rats; liver myeloperoxidase, NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity, TNF-alpha, IL-6, plasma proinflammatory cytokines, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants increased in OVX and CrMP-, ZnPP-, and Wort-PE rats; and plasma estradiol levels and hepatic estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta expression decreased in OVX but were unaltered by CrMP, ZnPP, and Wort. Thus, enhanced HO-1 in PE and E2 OVX females modulates inflammatory responses and protects liver following T-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Yang
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd., G094 Volker Hall, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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Hsieh YC, Athar M, Chaudry IH. When apoptosis meets autophagy: deciding cell fate after trauma and sepsis. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:129-38. [PMID: 19231289 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is considered to be an underlying mechanism in immunosuppression and multiple organ dysfunction after trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis. Although studied intensively over the last decade, the role of other cell death mechanisms under similar pathophysiological conditions has remained elusive. Recently, autophagy has emerged as an important mediator of programmed cell death pathways. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of apoptosis and autophagy and the crosstalk between these processes. We explore the coexistence of these two processes and the effects of autophagy on apoptosis after trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis. The inter-relationship between autophagy and apoptosis might unveil novel therapeutic approaches for the detection and treatment of trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsu JT, Kan WH, Hsieh CH, Choudhry MA, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in 17β-estradiol-mediated attenuation of lung injury after trauma-hemorrhage. Surgery 2009; 145:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zou L, Yang S, Champattanachai V, Hu S, Chaudry IH, Marchase RB, Chatham JC. Glucosamine improves cardiac function following trauma-hemorrhage by increased protein O-GlcNAcylation and attenuation of NF-{kappa}B signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 296:H515-23. [PMID: 19098112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01025.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that in a rat model of trauma-hemorrhage (T-H), glucosamine administration during resuscitation improved cardiac function, reduced circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, and increased tissue levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on proteins. The mechanism(s) by which glucosamine mediated its protective effect were not determined; therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that glucosamine treatment attenuated the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway in the heart via an increase in protein O-GlcNAc levels. Fasted male rats were subjected to T-H by bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation. Glucosamine treatment during resuscitation significantly attenuated the T-H-induced increase in cardiac levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA, IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, NF-kappaB, NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, ICAM-1, and MPO activity. LPS (2 microg/ml) increased the levels of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, and NF-kappaB in primary cultured cardiomyocytes, which was significantly attenuated by glucosamine treatment and overexpression of O-GlcNAc transferase; both interventions also significantly increased O-GlcNAc levels. In contrast, the transfection of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with OGT small-interfering RNA decreased O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAc levels and enhanced the LPS-induced increase in IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation. Glucosamine treatment of macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 also increased O-GlcNAc levels and attenuated the LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB. These results demonstrate that the modulation of O-GlcNAc levels alters the response of cardiomyocytes to the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, which may contribute to the glucosamine-mediated improvement in cardiac function following hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Zou
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Kawasaki T, Choudhry MA, Schwacha MG, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Effect of interleukin-15 on depressed splenic dendritic cell functions following trauma-hemorrhage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 296:C124-30. [PMID: 18987248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00447.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) induces suppressed splenic dendritic cell (DC) maturation and antigen presentation capacity, it remains unclear whether IL-15 modulates splenic DC functions. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the effect of IL-15 on splenic DC functions after T-H. Male C3H/HeN mice (6-8 wk old) were randomly assigned to T-H or sham operation. T-H was induced by midline laparotomy and approximately 90 min of hemorrhagic shock (blood pressure 35 mmHg), followed by fluid resuscitation (4x the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer lactate). Two hours later, mice were killed, splenic DCs were isolated, and the effects of exogenous IL-15 on their costimulatory factors, major histocompatibility class II expression, ability to produce cytokines, and antigen presentation were measured. The results indicate that IL-15 production capacity of splenic DCs was reduced following T-H. Ex vivo exposure to IL-15 attenuated the suppressed production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IFN-gamma from splenic DCs following T-H. In addition, expression of surface antigen studies demonstrate that exogenous IL-15 attenuated T-H-induced downregulation of the activation of DC. The suppressed splenic DC antigen presentation function following T-H was also attenuated by IL-15 treatment. Moreover, IL-15 enhanced IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production and antigen presentation by splenic DCs. These data suggest that ex vivo treatment with IL-15 following T-H provides beneficial effects on splenic DCs. The depression in IL-15 production by splenic DCs could contribute to the host's enhanced susceptibility to infections following T-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawasaki
- Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd., Volker Hall, Rm. G094, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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Raju R, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Erratum to: Estrogen: A Novel Therapeutic Adjunct for the Treatment of Trauma-Hemorrhage-Induced Immunological Alterations. Mol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.2119/2008-00001.erratum.raju] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chen J, Yang S, Hu S, Choudhry MA, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Estrogen prevents intestinal inflammation after trauma-hemorrhage via downregulation of angiotensin II and angiotensin II subtype I receptor. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G1131-7. [PMID: 18832446 PMCID: PMC2584827 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90443.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a key role in development of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury, it remains unclear whether it is involved in development of intestinal injury following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Studies have shown that 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration following T-H improves small intestinal blood flow; however, it is unclear whether Ang II plays a role in this E2-mediated salutary effect. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (removal of 60% total blood volume, fluid resuscitation after 90 min). At onset of resuscitation, rats were treated with vehicle, E2, or E2 and estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI). A separate group of rats was treated with Ang II subtype I receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan. At 24 h after T-H, plasma Ang II, IL-6, TNF-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and AT1R expression were determined. T-H significantly increased plasma and intestinal Ang II, IL-6, TNF-alpha levels, intestinal ICAM-1, CINC-1, CINC-3 levels, MPO activity, and AT1R protein compared with shams. E2 treatment following T-H attenuated increased intestinal MPO activity, Ang II level, and AT1R protein expression. ICI administration abolished the salutary effects of E2. In contrast, losartan administration attenuated increased MPO activity without affecting Ang II and AT1R levels. Thus Ang II plays a role in producing small intestine inflammation following T-H, and the salutary effects of E2 on intestinal inflammation are mediated in part by Ang II and AT1R downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shaolong Yang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kirby I. Bland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Irshad H. Chaudry
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Hsieh CH, Frink M, Hsieh YC, Kan WH, Hsu JT, Schwacha MG, Choudhry MA, Chaudry IH. The role of MIP-1 alpha in the development of systemic inflammatory response and organ injury following trauma hemorrhage. J Immunol 2008; 181:2806-12. [PMID: 18684972 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although MIP-1alpha is an important chemokine in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, it remains unknown whether MIP-1alpha plays any role in the development of systemic inflammatory response following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and MIP-1alpha-deficient (KO) mice were used either as control, subjected to sham operation (cannulation or laparotomy only or cannulation plus laparotomy) or T-H (midline laparotomy, mean blood pressure 35 +/- 5 mmHg for 90 min, followed by resuscitation) and sacrificed 2 h thereafter. A marked increase in serum alpha-glutathione transferase, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha and Kupffer cell cytokine production was observed in WT T-H mice compared with shams or control. In addition lung and liver tissue edema and neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase (MPO) content) was also increased following T-H in WT animals. These inflammatory markers were markedly attenuated in the MIP-1alpha KO mice following T-H. Furthermore, compared with 2 h, MPO activities at 24 and 48 h after T-H declined steadily in both WT and KO mice. However, normalization of MPO activities to sham levels within 24 h was seen in KO mice but not in WT mice. Thus, MIP-1alpha plays an important role in mediating the acute inflammatory response following T-H. In the absence of MIP-1alpha, acute inflammatory responses were attenuated; rapidly recovered and less remote organ injury was noted following T-H. Thus, interventions that reduce MIP-1alpha levels following T-H should be useful in decreasing the deleterious inflammatory consequence of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsun Hsieh
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
Although endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced organ hypoperfusion after trauma-hemorrhage is improved by estrogen administration, it remains unclear whether estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes play any role in the attenuation of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in any specific organ bed. To investigate this, isolated perfusion experiments in the heart, liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung were carried out in sham, at the time of maximum bleedout (MBO; i.e., 5-cm midline incision, with removal of 60% of circulating blood volume over 45 min to maintain a mean blood pressure of 40 mmHg), and 2 h after trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation (T-H/R). Organ-specific ET-1-induced vasoconstriction was evaluated, and the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and ER-specific agonists propylpyrazole triol (PPT; ERalpha agonist) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN; ERbeta agonist) were determined. ET-1 induced the greatest vasoconstriction in sham animals, with the strongest response in the kidneys, followed by the small intestine and liver. ET-1-induced responses were weakest in the heart and lungs. ET-1-induced vasoconstriction was evident at the time of MBO but was significantly decreased at 2 h after T-H/R. ERbeta plays an important role in cardiac performance, as evidenced by improved heart performance (+dP/dt) in the presence of DPN. DPN also induced a greater effect than PPT in the reduction of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in the kidneys and lungs. In contrast, PPT attenuated ET-1-induced vasoconstriction in the liver, whereas both DPN and PPT were equally effective in the small intestine. The increased +dP/dt values induced by E2, DPN, or PPT were evident at the time of MBO but were significantly decreased at 2 h after T-H/R. These data indicate that the effects of ET-1 on vasoconstriction and the role of ER subtypes in estrogen-induced vasorelaxation are organ specific and temporally specific after trauma-hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng F Ba
- Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama, 1670 Univ. Blvd., G094 Volker Hall, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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Raju R, Chaudry IH. Sex steroids/receptor antagonist: their use as adjuncts after trauma-hemorrhage for improving immune/cardiovascular responses and for decreasing mortality from subsequent sepsis. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:159-66. [PMID: 18635483 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318163213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies in human as well as animal models demonstrate that females in the proestrus cycle (i.e., with high estrogen) tolerate trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis far better than males. The female sex steroid, estrogen, is the significant factor contributing to this observed gender difference in outcome. One reason for the lack of significant gender association in some clinical studies is the possibility of heterogeneity of the population in terms of their hormonal status at the time of injury. Several experimental investigations have revealed that androgens produce immune and cardiovascular depression after trauma-hemorrhage. However, the use of an androgen receptor antagonist after trauma-hemorrhage has salutary effects of immune and cardiovascular function. Likewise, estrogen produces beneficial effects on immune and cardiovascular function after trauma-hemorrhage and significantly decreases mortality rates from subsequent sepsis. The salutary effects of estrogen after trauma-hemorrhage have been shown to be due to both genomic and nongenomic effects. Thus, the use of an estrogen or androgen receptor antagonist as an adjunct after trauma-hemorrhage is a safe and novel approach for restoring immune and cardiovascular function after trauma-hemorrhage and for decreasing the mortality from subsequent sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Raju
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Moeinpour F, Choudhry MA, de Figueiredo LFP, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Estradiol's salutary effects on keratinocytes following trauma-hemorrhage are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and ER-beta. Mol Med 2008; 14:689-96. [PMID: 18769638 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00068.moeinpour] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although administration of 17beta-estradiol (estrogen) following trauma-hemorrhage attenuates the elevation of cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in epidermal keratinocytes, whether the salutary effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha or ER-beta is not known. To determine which estrogen receptor is the mediator, we subjected C3H/HeN male mice to trauma-hemorrhage (2-cm midline laparotomy and bleeding of the animals to a mean blood pressure of 35 mmHg and maintaining that pressure for 90 min) followed by resuscitation with Ringer's lactate (four times the shed blood volume). At the middle of resuscitation we subcutaneously injected ER-alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT; 5 microg/kg), ER-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN; 5 microg/kg), estrogen (50 microg/kg), or ER antagonist ICI 182,780 (150 microg/kg). Two hours after resuscitation, we isolated keratinocytes, stimulated them with lipopolysaccharide for 24 h (5 microg/mL for maximum cytokine production), and measured the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha and the activation of MAPK. Keratinocyte cytokine production markedly increased and MAPK activation occurred following trauma-hemorrhage but were normalized by administration of estrogen, PPT, and DPN. PPT and DPN administration were equally effective in normalizing the inflammatory response of keratinocytes, indicating that both ER-alpha and ER-beta mediate the salutary effects of estrogen on keratinocytes after trauma-hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Moeinpour
- Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Kan WH, Hsu JT, Schwacha MG, Choudhry MA, Raju R, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Selective inhibition of iNOS attenuates trauma-hemorrhage/resuscitation-induced hepatic injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:1076-82. [PMID: 18635878 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90495.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although trauma-hemorrhage produces tissue hypoxia, systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction, the mechanisms responsible for these alterations are not clear. Using a potent selective inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N-[3-(aminomethyl) benzyl]acetamidine (1400W), and a nonselective NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), we investigated whether inducible NO synthase plays any role in producing hepatic injury, inflammation, and changes of protein expression following trauma-hemorrhage. To investigate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to midline laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure 35-40 mmHg for approximately 90 min) followed by fluid resuscitation. Animals were treated with either vehicle (DMSO) or 1400W (10 mg/kg body wt ip), or L-NAME (30 mg/kg iv), 30 min before resuscitation and killed 2 h after resuscitation. Trauma-hemorrhage/resuscitation induced a marked hypotension and increase in markers of hepatic injury (i.e., plasma alpha-glutathione S-transferase, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and nitrotyrosine formation). Hepatic expression of iNOS, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, ICAM-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and neutrophil chemoattractant (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) protein levels were also markedly increased following trauma-hemorrhage/resuscitation. Administration of the iNOS inhibitor 1400W significantly attenuated hypotension and expression of these mediators of hepatic injury induced by trauma-hemorrhage/resuscitation. However, administration of L-NAME could not attenuate hepatic dysfunction and tissue injury mediated by trauma-hemorrhage, although it improved mean blood pressure as did 1400W. These results indicate that increased expression of iNOS following trauma-hemorrhage plays an important role in the induction of hepatic damage under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Kan
- Center for Surgical Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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