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Zhou Y, Duan X, Chen T, Yan B, Li L. Mechanical Properties and Toxicity Risks of Lead-Zinc Sulfide Tailing-Based Construction Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112940. [PMID: 34072496 PMCID: PMC8198401 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The leaching residue of the lead-zinc sulfide tailing (LRT) is the only residue generated from the tailing leaching recovery process; it is a typical hazardous material for its high heavy-metal contents and high acidity. Due to the large output of LRT, and because its main components are Ca, Si, and Al, the preparation of building construction materials with LRT was studied. The results showed that when the LRT addition is less than 47%, with the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and fly ash (FA) added and the curing conditions appropriate, the strength values of the tested specimens meet the M15 Class of the autoclaved lime sand brick standard (GB/T 16753-1997). The carbonization coefficient and drying shrinkage of the specimen were 0.79 and smaller than 0.42, respectively. As the SEM, TG, and XRD analysis have shown, the LRT can chemically react with additives to form stable minerals. The heavy metal contents that were leached out well met the limits in GB5085.3-2007. Based on the high addition of the LRT, the good strength and lower heavy metals were leached out of the prepared test specimen, and the tailing could be reused completely with the leaching recovery and the LRT reuse process. LRT can be used to replace OPC, allowing more sustainable concrete production and improved ecological properties of LRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 510049, China
| | - Xinlian Duan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510631, China; (X.D.); (B.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510631, China; (X.D.); (B.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Bo Yan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510631, China; (X.D.); (B.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China;
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Chen Z, Yu G, Wang Y, Wang X. Fate of heavy metals during co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and sewage sludge by hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 109:28-37. [PMID: 32380379 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis (HTP) method was used to treat municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) and municipal sewage sludge (MSS). The regulation of migration mechanism of heavy metals (HMs), which included Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, were investigated, including the conditional effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTT), the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time, and the heating rate (HR) on the HM distribution. The results indicated that HTT, as a pretreatment method, achieved the redistribution and preliminary immobilization of the HMs, decreasing the potential environmental risk level. After HTP, the HMs (Cr, Ni, and Cu) were more immobilized, and this effect was enhanced when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C. However, Zn, Cd, and Pb evaporated under high temperature. Leaching experiments revealed that all the HMs in the pyro-char from pyrolysis at 800 °C were below the standard (US EPA). The influences of the HR and pyrolysis time on the HM immobilization were slight under a higher temperature. After HTP, the HM environmental risk decreased to a low level. The physico-chemical characteristics of the pyro-char demonstrated that carbon trapping and chemical sedimentation played leading roles in the middle-temperature range, while mineral matrix encapsulation might have been dominant under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Chen Y, Xu L, Tan SN, Sun X, Deng Y, Yang W. Solidification and multi-cytotoxicity evaluation of thermally treated MSWI fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122041. [PMID: 31954298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash produced in waste-to-energy plants possesses a serious threat to human health. Although the traditional methods including toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and sequential extraction approach can partially evaluate the reduction of heavy metals leaching from thermally treated MSWI fly ash, the potential threat towards organisms is frequently ignored in previous literature. Considering this, herein we systematically assess the cytotoxicity of heat-treated samples using multiple cells from different biological tissues/organs for the first time. The results indicate that the leachability and transferability of heavy metals are declined after treatment. The biological assays demonstrate that the leachates from the treated residues induce lower phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity compared with the original samples. Moreover, according to the cellular responses of multiple cells to the leachates, normal cells (MC3T3-E1, HUVEC, and L929) are more tolerant to the leachates than cancerous cells (4T1, MG63), and the skin fibroblasts (L929), which often interact with the external circumstance, have the best cellular tolerance. This work provides a novel platform to determine the potential biosecurity of MSWI fly ash-derived products towards organisms, when they are served as secondary building materials in the constructional industry that may be contact with animals and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Swee Ngin Tan
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore; Zerowaste Asia Co. Ltd., Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Wong S, Mah AXY, Nordin AH, Nyakuma BB, Ngadi N, Mat R, Amin NAS, Ho WS, Lee TH. Emerging trends in municipal solid waste incineration ashes research: a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7757-7784. [PMID: 32020458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) threatens the environmental integrity and well-being of humans at a global level. Incineration is regarded as a technically sound technology for the management of MSW. However, the effective management of the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes remains a challenge. This article presents the global dynamics of MSWI ashes research from 1994 to 2018 based on a bibliometric analysis of 1810 publications (research articles and conference proceedings) extracted from the Web of Science database, followed by a comprehensive summary on the research developments in the field. The results indicate the rapid growth of annual publications on MSWI ashes research, with China observed as the most productive country within the study period. Waste Management, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Chemosphere and Waste Management & Research, which accounted for 35.42% of documents on MSWI research, are the most prominent journals in the field. The most critical thematic areas on this topic are MSWI ashes characterisation, dioxin emissions from fly ash, valorisation of bottom ash and heavy metal removal. The evolution of MSWI ashes treatment technologies is also discussed, together with the challenges and future research directions. This is the first bibliometric analysis on global MSWI ashes research based on a sufficiently large dataset, which could provide new insights for researchers to initiate further research with leading institutions/authors and ultimately advance this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syieluing Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Angel Xin Yee Mah
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Laboratory, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Ramli Mat
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Shin Ho
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ting Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocess, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
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Heavy Metals Removing from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ashes by Electric Field-Enhanced Washing. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030793. [PMID: 32050513 PMCID: PMC7040735 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains chlorides, heavy metals, and organic pollutants, which requires appropriate disposal to eliminate this risk. In this study, the effects of agents on heavy metals removal from MSWI fly ash by electric field-enhanced washing were systematically studied. The results show that when these fly ashes were washed at a current density of 35 mA/cm2, polarity switching frequency of 40 Hz, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dosage of 0.5 mol/L, and a pH of 2 for 4 h, almost all of the Cd and Ni could be were removed, with a removal efficiency of 100.00% and 99.59%, respectively. Meanwhile, it also shows a significant effect on Cu and Zn, with a removal efficiency higher than 85%. After washing, the results of the sequential extraction procedure showed that the residual forms of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, and As increased obviously. According to GB5085.3-2007, the toxicity of the treated MSWI fly ash were below their thresholds of 5 and 1 mg/L for Pb and Cd, respectively. Thus, a novel technology for heavy metals removal from MSWI fly ash is proposed.
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Chen P, Zheng H, Xu H, Gao YX, Ding XQ, Ma ML. Microbial induced solidification and stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with high alkalinity and heavy metal toxicity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223900. [PMID: 31622406 PMCID: PMC6797113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on the applicability of microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) to treat municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash with high alkalinity and heavy metal toxicity. The experiments were carried out on fly ashes A and B produced from incineration processes of mechanical grate furnace and circulating fluidized bed, respectively. The results showed that both types of fly ashes contained high CaO content, which could supply sufficient endogenous Ca for MICP treatment. Moreover, S. pasteurii can survive from high alkalinity and heavy metal toxicity of fly ash solution. Further, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of MICP treated fly ashes A and B reached 0.385MPa and 0.709 MPa, respectively. The MICP treatment also resulted in a reduction in the leaching toxicity of heavy metals, especially for Cu, Pb and Hg. MICP had a higher solidification and stabilization effect on fly ash B, which has finer particle size and higher Ca content. These findings shone a light on the possibility of using MICP technique as a suitable and efficient tool to treat the MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan-xu Gao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-qing Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-ling Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Huang T, Zhang S, Liu L. Immobilization of trace heavy metals in the electrokinetics-processed municipal solid waste incineration fly ashes and its characterizations and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:207-218. [PMID: 30472564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mass production of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ashes has caused severe concerns in regarding to the inherently ecological harm and the decreasing landfilling space. To relieve the heavy metal contamination into the environment and complete a closed-loop electrokinetics (EK), the sequential effects of electrokinetics and alkali activating solidification/stabilization (S/S) technique on the immobilization of HMs in the remnant of MSWI fly ashes were investigated in the research. The compressive strength for the remnant-based solidified product at the proposing time of 18 days was 2.58 MPa, 104.76% higher than that of the MWSI-based specimen with the optimal curing parameters being adopted for the production of the solidified matrices. The leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu were 9.74, 0.21, and 0.75 mg/L, correspondingly reduced by 57.84%, 80.19%, and 17.58%, respectively. The opposite correlation between the compressive strength and the leaching concentration was demonstrated for both two groups of the curing samples. The mechanism results showed that the electrokinetics had significantly changed the micromorphology characteristics of MSWI fly ashes and distinctly affected the whole curing process. The cementation and geo-polymerization were comprehensively determined as two of main mechanisms for the immobilization of HMs in the curing matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China.
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Nuclear Resources Engineering College, University of South China, 421001, China.
| | - Longfei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi Y, Xi F. Incineration Kinetic Analysis of Upstream Oily Sludge and Sectionalized Modeling in Differential/Integral Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030384. [PMID: 30700030 PMCID: PMC6388273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the most significant solid residue generated in the oil production industry, upstream oily sludge was regarded as hazardous waste in China due to its toxicity and ignitability, and to date, the incineration process has been considered the most efficient method in practice. Due to the complicated components of oily sludge, a kinetic model of the incineration process was difficult to build, and is still absent in engineering use. In this study, multiple non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were applied for the kinetic analysis of upstream oily sludge in air conditions. A viewpoint regarding the rules to sectionalize the reaction stages was raised, and a differential integral method to obtain the incineration kinetic model was provided. The results showed that four stages that were divided based on the weight-loss regions in the TGA curves and the endothermic/exothermic sections in the DSC curves were suitable to obtain an incineration kinetic model of oily sludge. The integral method was beneficial for obtaining the average activation energy of each stage, and the differential method was suitable for gaining the nth-order reaction rate equation and the pre-exponential factor before the operating temperature became lower than 635.968 °C. The average activation energies of stages one, two, three, and four were 60.87 KJ/mol, 78.11 KJ/mol, 98.82 KJ/mol, and 15.96 KJ/mol, respectively. The nth-order reaction rate equations and pre-exponential factors of stages one, two, and three were 0.82, 3.50, and 2.50, and e 13.32 min - 1 , e 19.69 min - 1 , and e 21.00 min - 1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Technical Test Center of Shengli Oil Field, Dongying 257001, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Qi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Fei Xi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
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