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Giordano A, Malandrino M, Ajmone Marsan F, Padoan E. Potentially toxic elements and lead isotopic signatures in the 10 μm fraction of urban dust: Environmental risk enhanced by resuspension of contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117664. [PMID: 38029818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In urban environments, soils are a sink of pollutants and might become a source of contamination, as they commonly display potentially toxic elements (PTE) concentrations above the legislative limits. Particularly, the inhalable fraction of soils (<10 μm) is enriched in PTE compared to bulk soils (BS). The enrichment makes these particles an environmental hazard because of their susceptibility to resuspension and their potential contribution to road dust (RD) and atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) pollution. To gain a better insight into urban contamination dynamics we studied the BS, the resuspended <10 μm fraction of BS (Res-BS) and RD (Res-RD) in a European historically industrialized and densely populated city. Compared to BS, the Res-BS and Res-RD showed higher PTE concentrations and a higher variability for most of the elements. Lead was the only PTE showing similar concentrations in all the matrices, suggesting shared sources and redistribution pathways within the city. Chemometric elaborations identified Res-BS as a transition between BS and Res-RD or, rather, a Res-RD precursor. Also, Pb was confirmed to be ubiquitous in all the media. In all the matrices, Pb isotopic signatures were investigated and compared with PM10 fingerprints from the same city. The anthropogenic isotopic signature in Res-BS and Res-RD was evident, and samples belonging to neighboring sites showed comparable isotopic ratios. The Res-BS appeared as a key driver for Pb distribution within the city both in Res-RD and in PM10. These results demonstrate the intimate interaction between urban environmental compartments (soil, road dust and PM10), and the active contribution of fine soil fractions to anthropogenic pollution, with relevant policy implications in urban areas since soils were found to contribute directly to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Giordano
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095, Italy
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, I-10125, Italy.
| | - Franco Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095, Italy
| | - Elio Padoan
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095, Italy
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Xue Y, Cong J, Bai Y, Zheng P, Hu G, Kang Y, Wu Y, Cui L, Jia G, Wang T. Associations between Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure and the Peripheral Leukocyte Distribution in the Adult Male Population in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4695. [PMID: 36981603 PMCID: PMC10048523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory effects of air pollution exposure may account for increased public health risk. However, evidence regarding the effects of air pollution on peripheral blood leukocytes in the population is inconsistent. We investigated the association between the short-term effects of ambient air pollution and the peripheral blood leukocyte distribution in adult men in Beijing, China. From January 2015 to December 2019, a total of 11,035 men aged 22-45 years in Beijing were included in the study. Their peripheral blood routine parameters were measured. The ambient pollution monitoring parameters (particulate matter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3)) were collected daily. The potential association between ambient air pollution exposure and peripheral blood leukocyte count and classification was analyzed with generalized additive models (GAMs). After adjusting for confounding factors, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO were significantly correlated with changes to at least one peripheral leukocyte subtype. Short-term and cumulative air pollutant exposure dramatically increased the participants' peripheral blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte numbers and decreased eosinophils and basophils. Our results demonstrated that air pollution induced inflammation in the participants. The peripheral leukocyte count and classification can be utilized to evaluate the inflammation induced by air pollution in the exposed male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ji Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Institute of Environmental Information, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Contiero P, Borgini A, Bertoldi M, Abita A, Cuffari G, Tomao P, D’Ovidio MC, Reale S, Scibetta S, Tagliabue G, Boffi R, Krogh V, Tramuto F, Maida CM, Mazzucco W. An Epidemiological Study to Investigate Links between Atmospheric Pollution from Farming and SARS-CoV-2 Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084637. [PMID: 35457503 PMCID: PMC9029287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to farming-related air pollutants might predispose to an increased risk of COVID-19-related death. To test this hypothesis, we performed an ecological study of five Italian Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna and Sicily), linking all-cause mortality by province (administrative entities within regions) to data on atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ammonia (NH3), which are mainly produced by agricultural activities. The study outcome was change in all-cause mortality during March-April 2020 compared with March-April 2015-2019 (period). We estimated all-cause mortality rate ratios (MRRs) by multivariate negative binomial regression models adjusting for air temperature, humidity, international import-export, gross domestic product and population density. We documented a 6.9% excess in MRR (proxy for COVID-19 mortality) for each tonne/km2 increase in NH3 emissions, explained by the interaction of the period variable with NH3 exposure, considering all pollutants together. Despite the limitations of the ecological design of the study, following the precautionary principle, we recommend the implementation of public health measures to limit environmental NH3 exposure, particularly while the COVID-19 pandemic continues. Future studies are needed to investigate any causal link between COVID-19 and farming-related pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Contiero
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandro Borgini
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (M.B.)
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0223903536
| | - Martina Bertoldi
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Abita
- UOC Qualità dell’Aria, ARPA Sicilia, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cuffari
- Reporting Ambientale, Salute e Ambiente, ARPA Sicilia, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paola Tomao
- Inail-Dipartimento di Medicina, Epidemiologia, Igiene del Lavoro ed Ambientale, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Maria Concetta D’Ovidio
- Inail-Dipartimento di Medicina, Epidemiologia, Igiene del Lavoro ed Ambientale, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Stefano Reale
- Laboratorio Tecnologie Diagnostiche Innovative Area Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Rocco Dicillo 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Scibetta
- Laboratorio Tecnologie Diagnostiche Innovative Area Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Rocco Dicillo 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanna Tagliabue
- Cancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Boffi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabio Tramuto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”—University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.T.); (C.M.M.); (W.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory of West Sicily for the Emergency of COVID-19, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Massimo Maida
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”—University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.T.); (C.M.M.); (W.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory of West Sicily for the Emergency of COVID-19, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”—University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.T.); (C.M.M.); (W.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory of West Sicily for the Emergency of COVID-19, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Otani S, Funaki Ishizu S, Masumoto T, Amano H, Kurozawa Y. The Effect of Minimum and Maximum Air Temperatures in the Summer on Heat Stroke in Japan: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041632. [PMID: 33572074 PMCID: PMC7915318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the global surface temperature and changes in urban morphologies are associated with increased heat stress especially in urban areas. This can be one of the contributing factors underlying an increase in heat strokes. We examined the impact of summer minimum air temperatures, which often represent nighttime temperatures, as well as a maximum temperature on a heat stroke. We collected data from the records of daily ambulance transports for heat strokes and meteorological data for July and August of 2017–2019 in the Tottori Prefecture, Japan. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to determine the association of maximum/minimum air temperatures and the incidence of heat strokes. We used a logistic regression to identify factors associated with the severity of heat strokes. A total of 1108 cases were identified with 373 (33.7%) calls originating in the home (of these, 59.8% were the age of ≥ 75). A total of 65.8% of cases under the age of 18 were related to exercise. Days with a minimum temperature ≥ 25 °C had an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.77 (2.19, 6.51) for the incidence of an exercise-related heat stroke (reference: days with a minimum temperature < 23 °C). The odds ratio for a heat stroke occurring at home or for calls for an ambulance to the home was 6.75 (4.47, 10.20). The severity of the heat stroke was associated with older age but not with air temperature. Minimum and maximum air temperatures may be associated with the incidence of heat strokes and in particular the former with non-exertional heat strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Otani
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-857-30-6317
| | - Satomi Funaki Ishizu
- Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (S.F.I.); (T.M.); (H.A.); (Y.K.)
| | - Toshio Masumoto
- Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (S.F.I.); (T.M.); (H.A.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hiroki Amano
- Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (S.F.I.); (T.M.); (H.A.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youichi Kurozawa
- Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (S.F.I.); (T.M.); (H.A.); (Y.K.)
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Rivera-Caravaca JM, Roldán V, Vicente V, Lip GYH, Marín F. Particulate Matter and Temperature: Increased Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2360-2369. [PMID: 33153628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) and temperature are associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). PATIENTS AND METHODS We included patients with AF whose condition was stable while taking VKAs (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) for 6 months seen in a tertiary hospital (recruitment from May 1, 2007, to December 1, 2007). During a median follow-up of 6.5 years (interquartile range, 4.3 to 7.9 years), ischemic strokes, major bleeding, adverse cardiovascular events, and mortality were recorded. From 2007 to 2016, data on average temperature and PM10 were compared with clinical outcomes. RESULTS The study group included 1361 patients (663 [48.7%] male; median age, 76 years [interquartile range, 71 to 81 years]). High PM10 and low temperatures were associated with higher risk of major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.70 and aHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05, respectively) and mortality (aHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.69 and aHR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.06, respectively); PM10 was also associated with ischemic stroke and temperature with cardiovascular events. The relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular events and mortality increased in months in the lower quartile of temperature (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.21 and RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.74, respectively). Comparing seasons, there were higher risks of cardiovascular events in spring, autumn, and winter than in summer, whereas the risk of mortality increased only in winter. CONCLUSION In patients with AF taking VKAs, high PM10 and low temperature were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular events, respectively. Both factors increased major bleeding and mortality risks, which were higher during colder months and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Roldán
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francisco Marín
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
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