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Weidberg S, González-Roz A, Castaño Y, Secades-Villa R. Emotion dysregulation in relation to cannabis use and mental health among young adults. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107757. [PMID: 37224581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that accounts for the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. The interplay between ED, cannabis use and mental health has not been appraised in the young adult population and whether there are sex-dependent effects has yet to be examined. This study looked at whether ED mediates the association between past-month cannabis use and mental health, while considering sex as a moderator. METHODS 2,762 (64.2% women) undergraduate Spanish students completed an online battery. Among others, they fulfilled the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-28). A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and past-month cannabis use on participants' DASS-21 scores. A set of moderated mediations tested whether the indirect effect of past-month cannabis use on DASS-21 through DERS differed by sex. RESULTS Past-month cannabis female users showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress (M = 51.10, SD = 26.72) than did men [(M = 33.76, SD = 20.31); F(1, 2758) = 5.119, p =.024, η2p =.002]. In female young adults only, the effect of past-month cannabis use on mental health was mediated by ED (total score), non-acceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional control, difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior, and lack of emotional clarity (all p's < 0.005) CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate the importance of considering ED in assessment and intervention practices. Interventions targeting ED may be particularly effective for female young adult cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Weidberg
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Yasmina Castaño
- Department of Psychology. University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Roberto Secades-Villa
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
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Moustafa AA, Alvinia NP, Liu L, Richard Y, Hanafy AA, Bagadood NH, Hamza EA. Drinking motives as a predictor of readiness to change alcohol use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDrinking motives have been identified as important predictors of alcohol consumption. Similarly, the degree of readiness to change (RTC) can predict behavioral changes when drinking alcohol. However, the link between drinking motives and RTC has not been explored in previous research. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the four drinking motives (coping, enhancement, social, conformity) can predict the three stages of RTC (precontemplation, contemplation and action) in relation to alcohol consumption. Two hundred and fifty-two undergraduates’ students completed an online self-assessment survey on Qualtrics that assessed motives for alcohol use, drinking behavior, and RTC. Hierarchical regressions showed that among the four specific drinking motives, coping motives significantly predicted all three stages of RTC; conformity motives positively predicted the action stage of change; social motives negatively predicted the precontemplation and action stages of change; enhancement motives were not significant in predicting RTC stages. These results indicate that the three RTC levels can be predicted by coping, social, and conformity motives, but not by enhancement motives. Additionally, given the importance of coping motives, it might be useful to address and include healthier coping mechanisms as part of clinical interventions and prevention methods to circumvent unsafe drinking behaviors independent of a single RTC stage.
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Ruiz-Azcona L, Markiv B, Expósito A, Pozueta A, García-Martínez M, Fernández-Olmo I, Santibáñez M. Poorer cognitive function and environmental airborne Mn exposure determined by biomonitoring and personal environmental monitors in a healthy adult population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152940. [PMID: 35007600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In the Santander Bay (Cantabria, northern Spain), a ferromanganese alloy plant is located. Our objective was to characterize the Mn personal exposure of adult healthy volunteers living in this highly Mn exposed region, and to determine its association with a poorer cognitive function. METHODS Cross-sectional study analyzing 130 consecutive participants. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color Word, Verbal Fluency tests, Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span (WAIS III) and Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) tests and crude scores were standardized according to NEURONORMA norms. Exposure to Mn was assessed in terms of source distance, by Personal Environmental Monitors (PEMs) allowing the separation of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) particles (obtaining the bioaccessible fraction by in-vitro bioaccessibility tests), and by biomarkers (blood, hair and fingernails). Age, sex, study level and number of years of residence were predefined as confounding variables and adjusted Mean Differences (MDs) were obtained. RESULTS Statistically significant lower scores (negative MDs) in all test were observed when living near the industrial emission source, after adjusting for the predefined variables. Regarding PEMs results, statistically significant lower scores in all Stroop parts were obtained in participants with higher levels of Total Mn in All fractions (PM10). For Verbal Fluency tests, negative MDs were obtained for both bioaccessible fractions. Digit Span Backward scores were lower for those with higher levels in the bioaccessible coarse fraction, and negative MDs were also observed for the ROCF Delayed part and the non-bioaccessible fine fraction. As regards to Mn in fingernails, adjusted MDs of -1.60; 95%CI (-2.57 to -0.64) and -1.45; 95%CI (-2.29 to -0.61) for Digit Span Forward and Backward parts were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results support an association between poorer cognitive function and environmental airborne Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group. Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Andrea Expósito
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Pozueta
- Service of Neurology, IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Martínez
- Service of Neurology, IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group. Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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Herrero-Montes M, Alonso-Blanco C, Paz-Zulueta M, Pellico-López A, Ruiz-Azcona L, Sarabia-Cobo C, Fradejas-Sastre V, Boixadera-Planas E, Parás-Bravo P. Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Personality, and Binge Drinking among University Students in Spain. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010053. [PMID: 35011792 PMCID: PMC8745157 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is a common practice among college students. Alcohol consumption has been related to depressive symptoms and certain personality factors, although less is known about the relationship of these variables with BD. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of BD with depressive symptoms and personality in university students. We performed a cross-sectional study among students (aged 18–30 years) enrolled in the academic year 2018–2019 at the Faculty of Nursing of the University of Cantabria (Spain). Sociodemographic, academic, and alcohol and other drug use information was collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to measure depressive symptomatology and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory was used for personality. A total of 142 participants were included, 88.03% of which were women. Up to 38.03% were classified as BD. Concerning depressive symptoms, 7.41% of BD were at the moderate-severe level compared to 3.41% of non-BD (p = 0.7096). Regarding personality, the median score for extraversion of BD was 35 (Q1 = 29, Q3 = 40), 32 (Q1 = 28, Q3 = 36) in non-BD (p = 0.0062), conscientiousness scored 34 (Q1 = 30.5, Q3 = 38) points in non-BD, 31.50 (Q1 = 27, Q3 = 37) in BD (p = 0.0224). In conclusion, BD students have higher levels of extraversion and lower levels of responsibility than non-BD students. No significant differences were found between the level of depressive symptomatology between BD and non-BD students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Herrero-Montes
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
- IDIVAL, Research Nursing Group, 39008 Cantabria, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Blanco
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
- IDIVAL, GI Derecho Sanitario y Bioética, GRIDES, 39008 Cantabria, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Amada Pellico-López
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
- Cantabria Health Service, 39340 Cantabria, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
| | - Carmen Sarabia-Cobo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
- IDIVAL, Research Nursing Group, 39008 Cantabria, Spain
| | - Víctor Fradejas-Sastre
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
| | - Ester Boixadera-Planas
- Servei d’Estadística Aplicada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain;
| | - Paula Parás-Bravo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Cantabria, Spain; (M.H.-M.); (A.P.-L.); (L.R.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (V.F.-S.); (P.P.-B.)
- IDIVAL, Research Nursing Group, 39008 Cantabria, Spain
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Relationship of Binge Drinking with Impairments Affecting Memory and Executive Function among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111508. [PMID: 34770023 PMCID: PMC8583337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is a common practice among college students. Alcohol consumption may affect brain structures that continue to develop in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of BD with impairments affecting memory and executive function among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (aged 18–30 years) enrolled for the academic year 2018–2019 at the Faculty of Nursing of the University of Cantabria (Spain). Data collection included sociodemographic and academic information, together with alcohol and drug use information, collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. A battery of validated tests was used to gather neuropsychological variables. A total of 142 participants were included, of which 88.03% were women. Up to 38.03% were classified as BD. No differences were found in memory tests. Regarding executive function, better performance in the Stroop Color and Word Test was observed in non-BD but the results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, no relationship was found between memory and executive function and BD, although better performance in executive function, specifically inhibitory control, was observed in non-BD.
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Ruiz-Azcona L, Markiv B, Expósito A, González-Aramburu I, Sierra M, Fernández-Olmo I, Santibáñez M. Biomonitoring and bioaccessibility of environmental airborne manganese in relation to motor function in a healthy adult population. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:195-207. [PMID: 34678399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Santander, the capital of Cantabria, Spain (172,000 inhabitants) is 7 km from an industrial emission source (IES) of Mn located in a 10,000 inhabitants town (Maliaño) (annual air Mn arithmetic mean = 231.8 ng/m3; reference WHO guideline = 150 ng/m3). Our objective was to compare the motor function of adult healthy volunteers living in both places. METHODS Cross-sectional study analyzing 130 consecutive participants. Exposure to Mn was assessed in terms of source distance from the IES, by Personal Environmental Monitors (PEMs) carried for 24 h by participants consisting of a portable impactor connected to a personal pump, and by biomarkers (blood, hair and fingernails). The impactor allowed the separation of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) particles and for each particle size in-vitro bioaccessibility tests with biologically active fluids were performed to separate the soluble (bioaccessible) from the insoluble (non-bioaccessible) fraction. Mean Differences (MDs) adjusted for age, sex, and study level, were obtained for motor function tests results. RESULTS Regarding Grooved Pegboard, overall mean time to complete the test was 59.31 and 65.27 seconds (Standard Deviation = 10.11 and 11.69) for dominant and nondominant hands respectively. Statistically significant higher times (indicating worse function) were observed when living near the IES in both hands but MDs of only 1.22 and 2.05 seconds were obtained after adjusting for the predefined confounders (p = 0.373 and 0.221 respectively). Regarding Mn levels in their PEMs (in both bioaccessible and non-bioaccessible coarse&fine fractions) higher times were computed in participants with higher levels for the bioaccessible-fine fraction, with a MD that diminished but still yielded statistical significance after controlling for confounding: adjusted MD = 3.01 more seconds; 95%CI (0.44-5.38), p = 0.022. Poorer results were also observed for fingernails levels. Regarding Finger Tapping Test, no statistically significant differences were found with the exception of Mn fingernails levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest poorer motor function as assessed by Grooved Pegboard test in relation to "proximity to IES", "bioaccessible-fine fraction as determined by PEMs and "Mn fingernails levels". However, our findings were affected by confounding, and only the adjusted MD for the Mn bioaccessible-fine fraction remained of sufficient magnitude to maintain statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Andrea Expósito
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Aramburu
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV-IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - María Sierra
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV-IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain; Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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López-Moreno M, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel M, Iglesias-López MT. Influence of eating habits and alcohol consumption on the academic performance among a university population in the community of Madrid: A pilot study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07186. [PMID: 34169161 PMCID: PMC8207223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary habits and alcohol consumption on academic performance among university students. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University located in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS 56 university students of nursing (45 women and 11 men). The study complies with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the University Ethics Committee (36/2018). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Dietary intake and habits assessed with validated survey, alcohol consumption and academic performance. ANALYSIS Chi-square test, Student's t-test, ANOVA analysis, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS The average daily energy intake of the students was 1918 ± 725 kcal and, on average, alcohol accounted for 6%. The increased energy contribution from alcohol was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an inverse association was also found in alcohol intake according to Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.02). Students with failing grades (53.6%) reported a higher daily alcohol intake than those who passed (42.2 %) (32 g/day versus 24 g/day) (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption is related to both poor academic performance as well as diminished quality of life. Thus, it is of vital importance to undertake awareness campaigns at various levels to dissuade alcohol consumption especially at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Iglesias-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Ramón-Arbués E, Gea-Caballero V, Granada-López JM, Juárez-Vela R, Pellicer-García B, Antón-Solanas I. The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and Their Associated Factors in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7001. [PMID: 32987932 PMCID: PMC7579351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and associated factors in a population of college students. METHOD Cross-sectional study of psychological distress measured through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a sample of 1074 college students. RESULTS We found a moderate prevalence of depression (18.4%), anxiety (23.6%) and stress (34.5%) symptoms in our study population. Being <21, having problematic Internet use behavior, smoking, presenting insomnia and having a low self-esteem were independently associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Being a woman, living with their family, having a stable partner, consuming alcohol frequently and having poor nutritional habits were significantly associated with symptoms of stress; lacking a stable partner was significantly associated with depressive symptoms; and frequent consumption of alcohol was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSION We found a moderate prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in our population. Interventions aimed at promoting mental health among college students should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ramón-Arbués
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Vicente Gea-Caballero
- Nursing School La Fe, Adscript Center of University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Research Group GREIACC, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, La Rioja University, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Begoña Pellicer-García
- Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Sector Alcañiz Atención Primaria, Centro de Salud Andorra Calle Huesca, 44500 Andorra, Spain;
| | - Isabel Antón-Solanas
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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We Need to Delay the Age of Onset of Alcohol Consumption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082739. [PMID: 32316106 PMCID: PMC7215939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, new consumption patterns, such as binge drinking, have increased among young people and have not always been recognized as problematic either by health personnel or by society in general, as they are intensive episodes, interspersed with no consumption periods. Although the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the adult population continues to be higher in men than in women, these gender differences in relation to alcohol consumption are barely observed in adolescents between 14 and 18. Therefore, we are witnessing a change in the pattern of consumption, from regular to episodic, and an attenuation of gender differences. New patterns of alcohol consumption have not only been associated with an increased risk of alcohol use disorders in adult life, but also with neurocognitive involvement in youth. Understanding the risk and resilience factors of alcoholism or problematic drinking patterns will not only allow us to identify the most vulnerable group, but also to guide prevention programs towards protective factors; the skills that contribute to the natural abandonment of the pattern. Knowing the variables involved in the trajectories of abandonment and dependency would contribute to personalizing the interventions and increasing their efficacy and success—a lower relapse rate—, reducing the economic and socio-sanitary costs associated with alcohol dependency, as well as improving the health and well-being, family relations, work and social status of alcohol-dependent people.
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