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Keshmiri FS, Gilani HG, Kazemi MS. Ultra-fast and ultra-efficient phenol removal from aqueous solution using a nano biocarbon adsorbent by RSM-CCD method: parameters, isotherm, kinetic, ANOVA. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:642. [PMID: 38904840 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the ability of peanut shell activated carbon (PSAC) to adsorb phenol from aqueous solutions. Phenolic wastewater in various industries and their release to the environment are environmental problems. Among the various separation methods, adsorption is an accepted method because of its efficiency, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and possibility to use different adsorbent materials to achieve maximum adsorption efficiency. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to minimize the required experiments, modeling, finding the optimal point, and variance analysis. Among the studied variables, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration are important. The results show that it is possible to completely remove at 300 ppm of phenol concentration and 5 min. Characterization of PSAC was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and size analysis. By examining the isotherm models, it was found that the adsorption follows the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 250 mg g-1 based on the Langmuir model. The three combined features of complete removal, ultra-fast adsorption, and high adsorption capacity are the unique features of this nano biocarbon for phenol removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Keshmiri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Samadi Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.
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Hidayat E, Mohamad Sarbani NM, Samitsu S, Situngkir YV, Lahiri SK, Yonemura S, Mitoma Y, Harada H. Simultaneous removal of ammonium, phosphate, and phenol via self-assembled biochar composites CBCZrOFe 3O 4 and its utilization as soil acidity amelioration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38853669 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2362993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, and phenol are recognized as water pollutants that contribute to the degradation of soil acidity. In contrast, small quantities of these nutrients are essential for soil nutrient cycling and plant growth. Here, we reported composite materials comprising biochar, chitosan, ZrO, and Fe3O4, which were employed to mitigate ammonium, phosphate, and phenol contamination in water and to lessen soil acidity. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of the adsorbents. Initially, comparative studies on the simultaneous removal of NH4, PO4, and phenol using CB (biochar), CBC (biochar + chitosan), CBCZrO (biochar + chitosan + ZrO), and CBCZrOFe3O4 (biochar + chitosan + ZrO + Fe3O4) were conducted. The results discovered that CBCZrOFe3O4 exhibited the highest removal percentage among the adsorbents (P < 0.05). Adsorption data for CBCZrOFe3O4 were well fitted to the second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, with maximum adsorption capacities of 112.65 mg/g for NH4, 94.68 mg/g for PO4 and 112.63 mg/g for phenol. Subsequently, the effect of CBCZrOFe3O4-loaded NH4, PO4, and phenol (CBCZrOFe3O4-APP) on soil acidity was studied over a 60-day incubation period. The findings showed no significant changes (P < 0.05) in soil exchangeable acidity, H+, Mg, K, and Na. However, there was a substantial increase in the soil pH, EC, available P, CEC, N-NH4, and N-NO3. A significant reduction was also observed in the available soil exchangeable Al and Fe (P < 0.05). This technique demonstrated multi-functionality in remediating water pollutants and enhancing soil acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endar Hidayat
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
- Department of Life System Science, Faculty of Bioresources Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
- Data-Driven Polymer Design Group, Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
- Department of Life System Science, Faculty of Bioresources Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Sadaki Samitsu
- Data-Driven Polymer Design Group, Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yaressa Vaskah Situngkir
- Department of Life System Science, Faculty of Bioresources Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Sudip Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Seiichiro Yonemura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
- Department of Life System Science, Faculty of Bioresources Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mitoma
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
- Department of Life System Science, Faculty of Bioresources Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
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Patil P, Jeppu G, Vallabha MS, Girish CR. Enhanced adsorption of phenolic compounds using biomass-derived high surface area activated carbon: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32971-1. [PMID: 38578594 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The progress of industrial and agricultural pursuits, along with the release of inadequately treated effluents especially phenolic pollutant, has amplified the pollution load on environment. These organic compounds pose considerable challenges in both drinking water and wastewater systems, given their toxicity, demanding high oxygen and limited biodegradability. Thus, developing an eco-friendly, low-cost and highly efficient adsorbent to treat the organic pollutants has become an important task. The present investigation highlights development of a novel adsorbent (CFPAC) by activation of Cassia fistula pod shell for the purpose of removing phenol and 2,4-dichlorophnenol (2,4-DCP). The significant operational factors (dosage, pH, concentration, temperature, speed) were also investigated. The factors such as pH = 2 and T = 20°C were found to be significant at 1.6 g/L and 0.6 g/L dosage for phenol and 2,4-DCP respectively. Batch experiments were further conducted to study isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamics studies for the removal of phenol and 2,4-DCP. The activated carbon was characterised as mesoporous (specific surface area 1146 m2/g, pore volume = 0.8628 cc/g), amorphous and pHPZC = 6.4. At optimum conditions, the maximum sorption capacity for phenol and 2,4-DCP were 183.79 mg/g and 374.4 mg/g respectively. The adsorption isotherm was better conformed to Redlich Peterson isotherm (phenol) and Langmuir isotherm (2,4-DCP). The kinetic study obeyed pseudo-second-order type behaviour for both the pollutants with R2 > 0.999. The thermodynamic studies and the value of isosteric heat of adsorption for both the pollutants suggested that the adsorption reaction was dominated by physical adsorption (ΔHx < 80 kJ/mol). Further, the whole process was feasible, exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The overall studies suggested that the activated carbon synthesised from Cassia fistula pods can be a promising adsorbent for phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveengouda Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham Jeppu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Chikmagalur Raju Girish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Deng J, Li C, Sun K, Luo X, Yuan S. Adsorption and mechanism study for phenol removal by 10% CO 2 activated bio-char after acid or alkali pretreatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119317. [PMID: 37857218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient bio-char used to remove phenol from wastewater holds great importance for environmental protection. In this work, wheat straw bio-char (BC) was acid-washed by HF and activated at 900 °C with 10% CO2 to obtain bio-char (B-Ⅲ-0.1D900). Adsorption experiments revealed that B-Ⅲ-0.1D900 achieved a remarkable phenol removal efficiency of 90% within 40 min. Despite its relatively low specific surface area of 492.60 m2/g, it exhibited a high maximum adsorption capacity of 471.16 mg/g. Furthermore, B-Ⅲ-0.1D900 demonstrated a good regeneration capacity for at least three cycles (90.71%, 87.54%, 84.36%). It has been discovered that HF washing, which removes AAEM and exposes unsaturated functional groups, constitutes one of the essential prerequisites for enhancing CO2 activation efficiency at high temperatures. After 10% CO2 activation, the mesoporous structure exhibited substantial development, facilitating enhanced phenol infiltration into the pores when compared to untreated BC. The increased branching of the bio-char culminated in a more complete aromatic system, which enhances the π-π forces between the bio-char and the phenol. The presence of tertiary alcohol structure enhances the hydrogen bonding forces, thereby promoting intermolecular multilayer adsorption of phenol. With the combination of various forces, B-Ⅲ-0.1D900 has a good removal capacity for phenol. This work provides valuable insights into the adsorption of organic pollutants using activated bio-char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Deng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Keyuan Sun
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shenfu Yuan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, National Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education Demonstration, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutral and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2, Cuihu North Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Darla UR, Lataye DH, Kumar A, Pandit B, Ubaidullah M. Adsorption of phenol using adsorbent derived from Saccharum officinarum biomass: optimization, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18356. [PMID: 37884549 PMCID: PMC10603077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research shows the application of Taguchi's design of experiment approach to optimize the process parameters for the removal of phenol onto surface of Saccharum officinarum biomass activated carbon (SBAC) from an aqueous solution to maximize adsorption capacity of SBAC. The effect of adsorption parameters viz. adsorbent dose (m), temperature (T), initial concentration (C0) and mixing time (t) on response characteristics i.e., adsorption capacity (qt) has been studied at three levels by using L9 orthogonal array (OA) which further analyzed by variance analysis (ANOVA) for adsorption data and signal/noise (S/N) ratio data by using 'larger the better' characteristics. Using ANOVA, the optimum parameters are found to be m = 2 g/L, C0 = 150 mg/L, T = 313 K and t = 90 min, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity of 64.59 mg/g. Adopting ANOVA, the percentage contribution of each process parameter in descending order of sequence is adsorbent dose 59.97% > initial phenol concentration 31.70% > contact time 4.28% > temperature 4.04%. The phenol adsorption onto SBAC was best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and follows the Radke-Prausnitz isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters suggested a spontaneous, exothermic nature and the adsorption process approaches physisorption followed by chemisorption. Hence the application of Taguchi orthogonal array design is a cost-effective and time-efficient approach for carrying out experiments and optimizing procedures for adsorption of phenol and improve the adsorption capacity of SBAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra R Darla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Dilip H Lataye
- Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Bidhan Pandit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohd Ubaidullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Elayadi F, Achak M, Boumya W, Barka N, Lamy E, El Adlouni C. Olive mill wastewater treatment using natural adsorbents: phytotoxicity on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109481-109499. [PMID: 37924176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This research was undertaken to optimize the phenolic compound removal from Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) by sawdust and red clay as natural adsorbents. Fractional factorial experimental design at 25-1 was used in order to optimize the experimental conditions for high removal efficiency. Statistics ANOVA analysis, Fisher's test, and Student's test suggested that the adsorbent dose has the most significant influence on polyphenol removal for both adsorbents. The maximum removal of polyphenols by sawdust reached 49.6% at 60 °C by using 60 g/L of adsorbent dose, pH 2, reaction time of 24 h, and agitation speed of 80 rpm. Whereas, for red clay, 48.08% of polyphenols removal was observed under the same conditions for sawdust except the temperature of 25 °C instead of 60 °C. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters suggested spontaneous process for both adsorbents, endothermic for the sawdust and exothermic for red clay. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity effect of OMW on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination was investigated. The obtained results showed that the untreated OMW inhibited the seed germination of T. turgidum and P. vulgaris seeds. OMW treatment with red clay followed by dilution (95% water) resulted in 87 and 30% germination of P. vulgaris and T. turgidum, respectively. While, the treatment of OMW with sawdust and dilution at 95% resulted in 51 and 26% germination of P. vulgaris and T. turgidum, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Elayadi
- Marine Biotechnologies and Environment, Laboratory Sciences Faculty, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
- Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mounia Achak
- Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.
- Chemical & Biochemical Sciences. Green Process Engineering, CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Wafaa Boumya
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Barka
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Edvina Lamy
- Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter (TIMR), Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiegne, UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Compiegne, France
| | - Chakib El Adlouni
- Marine Biotechnologies and Environment, Laboratory Sciences Faculty, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
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Akin Sahbaz D. Enhanced Adsorption Performance Cross-Linked Chitosan/ Citrus reticulata Peel Waste Composites as Low-Cost and Green Bio-Adsorbents: Kinetic, Equilibrium Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3246. [PMID: 37571140 PMCID: PMC10422377 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study revealed the synthesis of cross-linked chitosan/Citrus reticulata peel waste (C/CRPW) composites that could be used as low-cost and green bio-adsorbents for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions. C/CRPW composites containing different amounts of Citrus reticulata peel waste (CRPW) and chitosan were prepared and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The composites were characterized by FESEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, BET, and zeta potential measurements. The C/CRPW composites as a new type of bio-adsorbents displayed superior adsorption capability toward anionic CR molecules, and the adsorption capacities increased with the incorporation of CRPW. Effects of different ambient conditions, such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and temperature, were fully studied. The conditions which obtained 43.57 mg/g of the highest adsorption capacity were conducted at pH 4 with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L, and contact time of 24 h at 328 K. The adsorption data was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. According to the findings of this investigation, it was observed that the C/CRWP composites could be used as adsorbents due to their advantages, including the simple preparation process, being environmentally friendly, renewable, efficient, and low-cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Akin Sahbaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20070, Turkey
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Kumar L, Yadav V, Yadav M, Saini N, Jagannathan K, Murugesan V, Ezhilselvi V. Systematic studies on the effect of structural modification of orange peel for remediation of phenol contaminated water. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10872. [PMID: 37113106 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, orange peel biochar has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of phenol from contaminated water. The biochar was prepared by thermal activation process at three different temperature 300, 500 and 700°C and are defined as B300, B500, and B700 respectively. The synthesized biochar has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), RAMAN spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed a highly irregular and porous structure for B700 as compared with others. The parameters such as initial phenol concentration, pH, adsorption dosage, and contact time were optimized, and the maximum adsorption efficiency and capacity of about 99.2% and 31.0 mg/g was achieved for B700 for phenol adsorption. The Branauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and Berrate-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore diameter obtained for B700 were about 67.5 m2 /g and 3.8 nm. The adsorption of phenol onto the biochar followed Langmuir isotherm showing linear fit with R2 = 0.99, indicating monolayer adsorption. The kinetic data for adsorption is best fitted for pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values obtained are negative, which means that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption efficiency of phenol marginally declined from 99.2% to 50.12% after five consecutive reuse cycles. The study shows that the high-temperature activation increased the porosity and number of active sites over the orange peel biochar for efficient adsorption of phenol. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Orange peel is thermally activated at 300, 500, and 700°C for structure modification. Orange peel biochars were characterized for its structure, morphology, functional groups, and adsorption behavior. High-temperature activation improved the adsorption efficiency up to 99.21% due to high porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Meenakshi Yadav
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Vajjiravel Murugesan
- Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur, Chennai, India
| | - V Ezhilselvi
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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Gürkan EH, Akyol RB, Çoruh S. Kinetic, isotherm modeling analyses of the adsorption of phenol on activated carbon/alginate composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:832-839. [PMID: 36028953 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize calcium alginate-commercial activated carbon composite beads (CA-AC) and calcium alginate-walnut shell biochar composite beads (CA-WSB) using activated carbon (AC), walnut shell biochar (WSB), and to apply its efficiency in phenol removal. The synthesized samples were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method was used to obtain information about the samples' surface area and pore size. The kinetic model of phenol fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm model of phenol fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model compared with other models. The maximum adsorption capacity was 76.92, 0.419, 8.130 1.375 mg/g for AC, WSB, CA-AC, CA-WSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Hatice Gürkan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Rasim Berk Akyol
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Semra Çoruh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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10
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Fabrication of modified carbon nano tubes based composite using ionic liquid for phenol removal. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Valorization of an Underutilized Waste from Olive Oil Production by Recovery of Hydroxytyrosol. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, mainly contained in olive oil and its by-products. Here, a procedure for the preparation of an HT-enriched sample is described. An acidic aqueous extract (pH 1.25) from Olive Oil Dregs (OOD), a by-product from oil mills, was prepared by incubation at 37 °C for 1 h. The total phenolic content and HT amount were 6.24 ± 0.10 mg gallic acid equivalent/g OOD and 532.98 ± 5.78 μg/g OOD, respectively. Amberlite XAD16N and XAD7HP resins were used for the recovery of HT from the raw extract. Several elution conditions were tested with both resins, and elution with 25% ethanol provided the highest HT recovery (92.50% from XAD7HP). Antioxidant activities were assessed in the pool containing the highest quantity of HT. The results were compared with those of the raw extract. Ferric reducing antioxidant power values were comparable (95.71 ± 2.50 and 96.64 ± 13.47 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg for HT-enriched pool and raw extract, respectively), while the radical scavenging activity was higher for the pool (92.83% ± 0.44 and 44.12% ± 1.82, respectively). The results reported here demonstrate that HT can be recovered with a high yield from OOD, providing a preparation with high radical scavenging power. In addition, it is proved that this by-product, poorly considered up to now, can be usefully exploited.
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Vohra M, Hussaini M, Mohammad T. Olive branches activated carbon: synthesis, phenol adsorption and modeling. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bosacka A, Zienkiewicz-Strzałka M, Deryło-Marczewska A, Chrzanowska A, Wasilewska M, Sternik D. Physicochemical, structural, and adsorption properties of chemically and thermally modified activated carbons. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Yang L, Yin D, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Hao J, Ai B, Ge T, Zuo C, Wang X, Wang Q, Wang M, Huang H. Modified high-efficiency carbon material for deep degradation of phenol by activating persulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134135. [PMID: 35283141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of cobalt-nitrogen modified catalysts were prepared and applied to the degradation of phenol. The Mott Schottky catalyst (CoO/NGr@C) with high pyridine nitrogen content was designed to activate potassium peroxodisulfate (PDS) to generate active free radicals for phenol degradation. The structural properties of the materials are analyzed by XPS, TEM and then the charge density calculation is performed by DFT, which proves the existence of the highly active interface effect. Co-N-CMCM-41 can only degrade phenol into benzoquinone and it is difficult to achieve further degradation of benzoquinone, while the modified CoO/NGr@C can achieve deep mineralization of the intermediate benzoquinone through UV spectrum. EPR was used to prove that both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals exist in the degradation process of phenol. Through the DFT simulation calculation of the material, it is proved that the existence of carbon activated by nitrogen and the electron rearrangement between cobalt and nitrogen-rich carbon lead to the catalytic activity of the material. The degradation conditions of phenol were optimized and the reaction kinetics of further phenol degradation were studied. The activation energy of phenol degradation on CoO/NGr@C is calculated to be 34.38 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixi Yang
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Defeng Yin
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Yanxia Zheng
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China.
| | - Jinguo Hao
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Bing Ai
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Tingting Ge
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Cuncun Zuo
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China.
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
| | - Haofei Huang
- Research Institute of Clean Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China
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15
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Ali A, Siddique M, Chen W, Han Z, Khan R, Bilal M, Waheed U, Shahzadi I. Promising Low-Cost Adsorbent from Waste Green Tea Leaves for Phenol Removal in Aqueous Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116396. [PMID: 35681981 PMCID: PMC9180375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenol is the most common organic pollutant in many industrial wastewaters that may pose a health risk to humans due to its widespread application as industrial ingredients and additives. In this study, waste green tea leaves (WGTLs) were modified through chemical activation/carbonization and used as an adsorbent in the presence of ultrasound (cavitation) to eliminate phenol in the aqueous solution. Different treatments, such as cavitation, adsorption, and sono-adsorption were investigated to remove the phenol. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphology of the adsorbent revealed that the structure of WGTLs was porous before phenol was adsorbed. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed an open chain of carboxylic acids after the sono-adsorption process. The results revealed that the sono-adsorption process is more efficient with enhanced removal percentages than individual processes. A maximum phenol removal of 92% was obtained using the sono-adsorption process under an optimal set of operating parameters, such as pH 3.5, 25 mg L−1 phenol concentration, 800 mg L−1 adsorbent dosage, 60 min time interval, 30 ± 2 °C temperature, and 80 W cavitation power. Removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reached 85% and 53%. The Freundlich isotherm model with a larger correlation coefficient (R2, 0.972) was better fitted for nonlinear regression than the Langmuir model, and the sono-adsorption process confirmed the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The findings indicated that WGTLs in the presence of a cavitation effect prove to be a promising candidate for reducing phenol from the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ali
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (W.C.); Tel.: +92-992-383592 (M.S.); +86-13006374077 (W.C.); Fax: +92-992-383441 (M.S.)
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (W.C.); Tel.: +92-992-383592 (M.S.); +86-13006374077 (W.C.); Fax: +92-992-383441 (M.S.)
| | - Zhixin Han
- Geological Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Tai’an 271000, China;
| | - Romana Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Ummara Waheed
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 59300, Pakistan;
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
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16
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Moghazy MA. High‐Efficiency Adsorptive Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Red Clay and ZnO Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Moghazy
- Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials Lab. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Aswan University 81528 Assuan Egypt
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17
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Oladipo AC, Tella AC, Clayton HS, Olayemi VT, Akpor OB, Dembaremba TO, Ogunlaja AS, Clarkson GJ, Walton RI. A zinc-based coordination polymer as adsorbent for removal of trichlorophenol from aqueous solution: Synthesis, sorption and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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M Saber SE, Abdullah LC, Jamil SNAM, Choong TSY, Ting TM. Trimethylamine functionalized radiation-induced grafted polyamide 6 fibers for p-nitrophenol adsorption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19573. [PMID: 34599205 PMCID: PMC8486744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The method of pre-irradiation grafting was used with the aid of electron beam (EB) accelerator to accomplish the grafting of polyamide 6 fibers (PA6) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The extent to which GMA was grafted on PA6 was found to be markedly influenced by the absorbed dose of radiation and the reaction time of grafting. Trimethylamine (TMA) was afterwards employed for the functionalization of GMA-grafted fibers (PA6-g-GMA). A range of analyses (e.g., FTIR, FESEM, XRD, BET, and pHpzc) were carried out to determine the physiochemical and morphological properties of the fibrous adsorbent. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption from aqueous solution was conducted with the resulting TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) adsorbent. The adsorption behaviour of PNP on the fibrous adsorbent was clarified by investigating the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. According to the results, the adsorption of PNP on TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) reflected the pseudo-second order model. Meanwhile, the isotherm analysis revealed that the best description of the equilibrium data was provided by Redlich-Peterson model, followed closely by Langmuir isotherm model. The achieved adsorption capacity was highest at 176.036 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption was indicated by the thermodynamic analysis to be spontaneous and exothermic. Regeneration and recycling of the adsorbent was possible for a minimum of five cycles with no reduction in adsorption capacity. It was concluded that the fibrous adsorbent could have applications for the removal of PNP at industrial pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Ezzuldin M Saber
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- North Refineries Company, Baiji, Salahuddin, Ministry of Oil, Iraq.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thomas S Y Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teo Ming Ting
- Radiation Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Al Bsoul A, Hailat M, Abdelhay A, Tawalbeh M, Al-Othman A, Al-Kharabsheh IN, Al-Taani AA. Efficient removal of phenol compounds from water environment using Ziziphus leaves adsorbent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143229. [PMID: 33160673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial processes generate toxic organic molecules that pollute environment water. Phenol and its derivative are classified among the major pollutant compounds found in water. They are naturally found in some industrial wastewater effluents. The removal of phenol compounds is therefore essential because they are responsible for severe organ damage if they exist above certain limits. In this study, ground Ziziphus leaves were utilized as adsorbents for phenolic compounds from synthetic wastewater samples. Several experiments were performed to study the effect of several conditions on the capacity of the Ziziphus leaves adsorbent, namely: the initial phenol concentration, the adsorbent concentration, temperature, pH value, and the presence of foreign salts (NaCl and KCl). The experimental results indicated that the adsorption process reached equilibrium in about 4 h. A drop in the amount of phenol removal, especially at higher initial concentration, was noticed upon increasing the temperature from 25 to 45 °C. This reflects the exothermic nature of the adsorption process. This was also confirmed by the calculated negative enthalpy of adsorption (-64.8 kJ/mol). A pH of 6 was found to be the optimum value at which the highest phenol removal occurred with around 15 mg/g at 25 °C for an initial concentration of 200 ppm. The presence of foreign salts has negatively affected the phenol adsorption process. The fitting of the experimental data, using different adsorption isotherms, indicated that the Harkins-Jura isotherm model was the best fit, evident by the high square of the correlation coefficient (R2) values greater than 0.96. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption was represented by a pseudo-second-order reaction. The results of this study offer a basis to use Ziziphus leaves as promising adsorbents for efficient phenol removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Bsoul
- Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson University College, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Hailat
- Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson University College, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jordan
| | - Arwa Abdelhay
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, German Jordanian University, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Tawalbeh
- Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Al-Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Ahmed A Al-Taani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural & Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yarmouk University, Jordan
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20
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Ezzuldin M Saber S, Md Jamil SNA, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY, Ming Ting T. Insights into the p-nitrophenol adsorption by amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile- co-acrylic acid): characterization, kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamic, regeneration and mechanism study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8150-8162. [PMID: 35423311 PMCID: PMC8695099 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10910j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study performs an appraisal of the adsorptive capacity of amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) or abbreviated as (AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA)) for the p-nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption, from aquatic environments via batch system. The AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) polymer was developed with redox polymerization, and then altered by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH). Tools used to describe the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) were Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption kinetics were examined by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. Meanwhile, the isotherms were investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson models. It was found that the adsorption was best fitted with pseudo-second order, and agreed with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was described best with the Freundlich isotherm due to highest R 2 (0.999). The maximum adsorption capacity was 143.06 mg g-1 at 298 K, and thermodynamic functions showed that the adsorption process was exothermic. Also, following five regeneration cycles, the adsorbent recorded 71.7% regeneration efficiency. The finding in this study indicates that the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) is an effective adsorbent to remove PNP from an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Ezzuldin M Saber
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- North Refineries Company, Ministry of Oil of Iraq Baiji Salahuddin Iraq
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Malaysia
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Malaysia
| | - Teo Ming Ting
- Radiation Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
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21
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An Overview and Evaluation of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols Removal from Wastewater. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds had been widely recognized as priority organic pollutants in wastewater with toxic effects on both plants and animals. Thus, the remediation of these pollutants has been an active area of research in the field of environmental science and engineering. This review highlighted the advantage of adsorption technology in the removal of PAHs and phenols in wastewater. The literature presented on the applications of various porous carbon materials such as biochar, activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene as potential adsorbents for these pollutants has been critically reviewed and analyzed. Under similar conditions, the use of porous polymers such as Chitosan and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been well presented. The high adsorption capacities of advanced porous materials such as mesoporous silica and metal-organic frameworks have been considered and evaluated. The preference of these materials, higher adsorption efficiencies, mechanism of adsorptions, and possible challenges have been discussed. Recommendations have been proposed for commercialization, pilot, and industrial-scale applications of the studied adsorbents towards persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal from wastewater.
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