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Al-Omiri MK, Atieh DWA, Abu-Awwad M, Al Nazeh AA, Almoammar S, Hassan SAB, Aljbab AA, Alfaifi MA, Shat NM, Lynch E. The knowledge regarding the impacts and management of black triangles among dental professionals and laypeople. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10840. [PMID: 38735998 PMCID: PMC11089043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding impacts, causes and management of black triangles (BT) among participants from different educational backgrounds including dental students, dentists and laypeople. This descriptive cross-sectional observational research included 435 participants who comprised 4 groups: pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, dentists, and laypeople. A constructed self-reported questionnaire was utilized to assess participants' demographic data and their knowledge of the impacts, causes and management of BT. The VAS scale was used to assess participants' ratings for the impacts of BT on esthetics, with 0 meaning no impact and 10 meaning very severe negative impacts. The most reported treatments for BT were "cannot be treated" 99.3% and "non-surgical periodontal treatment" 67.1%. Meanwhile, the least reported was "modify the porcelain" 41.8%. The most reported cause of BT was "periodontal disease" 85.1%. However, the least reported were "parafunction" and "deep implants" 33.1% each. Dental professionals had better knowledge of the causes (t = 8.189, P < 0.001) and management (t = 8.289, P < 0.001) of BT than the non-dental participants. The dentists had the best knowledge, while the laypeople had the least knowledge of the causes (F = 62.056, P < 0.001) and treatment (F = 46.120, P < 0.001) of BT. The knowledge of the causes (t = 0.616, P = 0.538) and treatment (t = 1.113, P = 0.266) for BT was not significantly different between males and females. Age was not significantly related to the total knowledge about the causes (r = -0.034, P = 0.475) or treatment (r = -0.034, P = 0.482) for BT. Dental professionals had better knowledge of the impacts, causes and management of BT than the non-dental participants. The dentists were the best, while the laypeople were the worst in this regard. Age and gender had no relationships with the knowledge of causes or management of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud K Al-Omiri
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Prosthodontics, The City of London Dental School, Canada Water, Lower Road, London, UK.
| | | | - Motasum Abu-Awwad
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdullah A Al Nazeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Awod Bin Hassan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Alfaifi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji M Shat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental and Oral Surgery, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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Xu YG, Wei N, Zhang JX, Wang C, Zhang YL, Hu WJ, Chung KH. Layperson assessment of smile lines and upper lip combined images in smile esthetics. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00131-8. [PMID: 38519327 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The esthetic assessment of smile lines by laypersons is a subject of ongoing debate. However, smile lines often appear with different types of upper lip curvature, which further complicates the esthetic assessment process, and studies on this combination are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate a layperson's esthetic perception of smile lines and upper lip combined images. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six smile images resulting from combinations of 3 upper lip types, 4 anterior smile line types, and 3 posterior smile line types were generated by an image editing software program. Eighty-three laypersons (39 men and 44 women; 18 to 35 years of age) completed rating images using a visual analog scale. Unattractive smiles were designated to be those with scores <50 and attractive ones with scores ≥50. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS High anterior smile line with gingival display >4 mm obtained significantly lower scores of <50 when combined with all upper lip curvatures (upward: 28.29 ±22.79, straight: 38.74 ±23.00, downward: 30.67 ±22.25, P<.01). High anterior smile lines with gingival display ≤4 mm combined with upward and straight upper lip curvature images obtained significantly higher scores, and all were ≥50 (upward: 63.24 ±22.22, straight: 61.40 ±21.58, P<.01). CONCLUSIONS From a layperson's perspective, high anterior smile lines with gingival display >4 mm combined with any lip type were determined to be unattractive. If gingival display was ≤4 mm combined with both upward and straight lip types, the smile was assessed as attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Geng Xu
- Graduate student, Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Wei
- Resident, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian-Xun Zhang
- Graduate student, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cui Wang
- Attending, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Associate Chief, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Hu
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
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Al-Omiri MK, Atieh DWA, Al Nazeh AA, Almoammar S, Bin Hassan SA, Alshadidi AAF, Aldosari LIN, Aljehani A, Shat NM, Lynch E. Relationships between perception of black triangles appearance, personality factors and level of education. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5675. [PMID: 38454057 PMCID: PMC10920646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the perception of black triangles (BT) and examined the relationships between the perception of BT, personality factors, different educational backgrounds and demographic factors. 435 participants were included and divided into four groups: dentists, clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, and laypeople. Participants' perception of the attractiveness of smile profiles of maxillary and mandibular anterior dentition with BT was rated using a ten-point VAS scale with 0 being the least, and 10 being the most attractive smile profile. The personality was assessed using the NEO-FFI personality questionnaire. The smile profile with multiple large BT was rated the least attractive for the maxillary (mean = 3.6) and mandibular (mean = 3.9) tested profiles. The smile profile without BT was rated the most attractive for the maxillary (mean = 9.1) and mandibular (mean = 8.8) tested profiles. The dental professionals perceived the maxillary smile profile with multiple large BT as less attractive than the non-dental participants (t = - 2.715, P = 0.007). Being a male, having dental education, having lower Neuroticism scores, as well as having higher Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion scores predicted and contributed more towards perceiving various tested smile profiles as more attractive. These findings show that black triangles negatively impacts the perception of smile attractiveness, and that personality traits and having dental education impact the perception of smile attractiveness for smiles with black triangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud K Al-Omiri
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Prosthodontics, The City of London Dental School, Canada Water, Lower Road, London, UK.
| | | | - Abdullah A Al Nazeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Awod Bin Hassan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq Ali F Alshadidi
- Department of Allied Dental Health Sciences, College of Medical Applied Sciences, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Ibrahim N Aldosari
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljehani
- Dental Department-Periodontics Division, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji M Shat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental and Oral Surgery, University of Palestine, Al-Zahra, Palestine
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Influence of Lip Appearances and Tooth Shade on Smile Attractiveness Perception. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:5952643. [PMID: 36571069 PMCID: PMC9788899 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5952643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of lip thickness, lipstick color, and tooth shade on the smile attractiveness perceptions of dentists, laypersons, dental students, and other faculty students. A set of 27 smile photographs was prepared with different lip thicknesses (Tk, thick; M, medium; and Tn, thin), lipstick shade (R, red; P, pink; and O, orange), and tooth shades (0M1, 0M3, and A1). A total of 212 Thai participants in four rater groups (dentists, laypersons, dental students, and other faculty students) rated smile attractiveness using a visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise analysis at a 0.05% level of significance. Tk or M lip thickness was associated with more smile attractiveness than Th lip thickness. The R lipstick is more attractive than the P and O lipsticks. The 0M1 tooth shade appeared to be the most attractive for laypersons and other faculty students, whereas tooth shades (0M1, 0M3, or A1) did not influence the smile attractiveness perception of dentists and dental students. The smile attractiveness perception was influenced by the lip appearance and tooth shade for each rater group, which are essential for an attractive smile design.
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Cao R, Chen B, Xu H, Cai Y, Liu W. Accuracy of three-dimensional optical devices for facial soft-tissue measurement in clinical practice of stomatology: A PRISMA systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31922. [PMID: 36451461 PMCID: PMC9704975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) optical devices for facial soft-tissue measurement is essential to the success of clinical treatment in stomatology. The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the accuracy of 3D optical devices used for facial soft-tissue assessment in stomatology. METHODS An extensive systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for studies published in the English language up to May 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Peer-reviewed journal articles evaluating the facial soft-tissue morphology by 3D optical devices were included. The risk of bias was performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 guidelines by the 2 reviewers. The potential publication bias was analyzed using the Review Manager software. RESULTS The query returned 1853 results. A total of 38 studies were included in this review. Articles were categorized based on the principle of devices: laser-based scanning, structured-light scanning, stereophotogrammetry and red, green, blue-depth camera. CONCLUSION Overall, the 3D optical devices demonstrated excellent accuracy and reliability for facial soft-tissue measurement in stomatology. red, green, blue-depth camera can collect accurate static and dynamic 3D facial scans with low cost and high measurement accuracy. Practical needs and availability of resources should be considered when these devices are used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicai Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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The Effect of Perioral Scan and Artificial Skin Markers on the Accuracy of Virtual Dentofacial Integration: Stereophotogrammetry Versus Smartphone Three-Dimensional Face-Scanning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010229. [PMID: 33396780 PMCID: PMC7795468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different matching methods on the accuracy of dentofacial integration in stereophotogrammetry and smartphone face-scanning systems. The integration was done (N = 30) with different matching areas (n = 10), including teeth image only (TO), perioral area without markers (PN) and with markers (PM). The positional accuracy of the integrated models was assessed by measuring the midline linear deviations and incisal line canting between the experimental groups and laser scanner-based reference standards. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). The PM method exhibited the smallest linear deviations in both systems; while the highest deviations were found in the TO in stereophotogrammetry; and in PN in smartphone. For the incisal line canting; the canting degree was the lowest in the PM method; followed by that in the TO and the PN in both systems. Although stereophotogrammetry generally exhibited higher accuracy than the smartphone; the two systems demonstrated no significant difference when the perioral areas were used for matching. The use of perioral scans with markers enables accurate dentofacial image integration; however; cautions should be given on the accuracy of the perioral image obtained without the use of markers.
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Mai HN, Kim J, Choi YH, Lee DH. Accuracy of Portable Face-Scanning Devices for Obtaining Three-Dimensional Face Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010094. [PMID: 33375533 PMCID: PMC7795319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional face-scanning systems to obtain facial models is of increasing interest, however, systematic assessments of the reliability of portable face-scan devices have not been widely conducted. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed considering the accuracy of facial models obtained by portable face-scanners in comparison with that of those obtained by stationary face-scanning systems. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for articles published from 1 January 2009 to 18 March 2020. A total of 2806 articles were identified, with 21 articles available for the narrative review and nine studies available for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the accuracy of the digital face models generated by the portable scanners was not significantly different from that of the stationary face-scanning systems (standard mean difference (95% confidence interval) = -0.325 mm (-1.186 to 0.536); z = -0.74; p = 0.459). Within the comparison of the portable systems, no statistically significant difference was found concerning the accuracy of the facial models among scanning methods (p = 0.063). Overall, portable face-scan devices can be considered reliable for obtaining facial models. However, caution is needed when applying face-scanners with respect to scanning device settings, control of involuntary facial movements, landmark and facial region identifications, and scanning protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Nga Mai
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (H.-N.M.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jaeil Kim
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (H.-N.M.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Du-Hyeong Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (H.-N.M.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-600-7676
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