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Gamarra J, Álvarez-Ordaz D, Molina-Frechero N, Sánchez-Pérez L, Pierdant-Rodriguez A, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Gómez Palacio-Gastelum M, González-González R, Salas-Pacheco J, Bologna-Molina R. Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:708. [PMID: 38898439 PMCID: PMC11186227 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis (DF) is caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during odontogenesis and leads to various changes in the development of tooth enamel. Some regions in Mexico are considered endemic fluorosis zones due to the high fluoride content in drinking water. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the association between the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and the severity of dental fluorosis in northern and western Mexico. METHODS This protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42023401519). The search for information was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases between January 2015 and October 2023. The overall relative risk was calculated using the inverse of variance approach with the random effects method. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to construct risk plots. RESULTS Eleven articles were analyzed qualitatively, and most of the included studies presented at least one level of DF severity; six articles were analyzed quantitatively, dividing them into two regions. In North region it was observed a higher prevalence of severe TF cases, corresponding to ≥ TF 5 category (4.78) [3.55, 6.42]. In the West region, most of the included studies presented a higher prevalence of less severe cases, corresponding to ≤ TF 4, in comparison with the North region (0.01) [0.00, 0.52], interpreted as a protective effect. CONCLUSION The concentrations of fluorides in drinking water are reportedly high in these regions and are directly related to the severity of dental fluorosis experienced by the inhabitants. In the Northern region exists a major concentration of fluoride in drinking water compared with the Western region as well as a prevalence of higher severity cases of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gamarra
- Master's Degree in Dental Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Álvarez-Ordaz
- Master's Degree in Dental Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Master's Degree in Dental Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Master's Degree in Dental Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Pierdant-Rodriguez
- Master's Degree in Dental Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Medical Sciences Research Institute. Clinical Department, Centro Universitario Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG) Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master's Degree in Dental Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio González-González
- Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico.
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Liu H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230033. [PMID: 38264681 PMCID: PMC10742219 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The process and mechanism of biomineralization and relevant physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are remarkably sophisticated multidisciplinary fields that include biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. The components of the organic matter, structural construction of minerals, and related mechanical interaction, etc., could help to reveal the unique nature of the special mineralization process. Herein, the paper provides an overview of the biomineralization process from the perspective of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, including the physicochemical properties of biomineralized tissues, from physiological to applied mineralization. These physicochemical characteristics closely to the hierarchical mineralization process include biological crystal defects, chemical bonding, atomic doping, structural changes, and content changes in organic matter, along with the interface between biocrystals and organic matter as well as the specific mechanical effects for hardness and toughness. Based on those observations, the special physiological properties of mineralization for enamel and bone, as well as the possible mechanism of pathological mineralization and calcification such as atherosclerosis, tumor micro mineralization, and urolithiasis are also reviewed and discussed. Indeed, the clearly defined physicochemical properties of mineral crystals could pave the way for studies on the mechanisms and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Perez-Perez N, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Velazquez-Alva MC, Castaño-Seiquer A, Barbero-Navarro I, Sanchez-Perez L. Relationships between dental fluorosis and fluoride concentrations in bottled water and groundwater in low-income children in Mexico. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1187463. [PMID: 37377524 PMCID: PMC10291056 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1187463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between dental fluorosis in children living in low socioeconomic areas in Mexico, and fluoride concentrations in tap water, fluoride concentrations and in bottled water, and body mass index (BMI). Methods A cross-sectional study involving 585 schoolchildren aged 8-12 years was conducted in communities in a southern state of Mexico with >0.7 parts per million (ppm) fluoride in the groundwater. The Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI) was used to evaluate dental fluorosis, and the World Health Organization growth standards were used to calculate age-adjusted and sex-adjusted BMI Z-scores. A BMI Z-score ≤ -1 SD was used as the cut-off point for thinness, and multiple logistic regression models for dental fluorosis (TFI ≥ 4) were constructed. Results The mean fluoride concentration in tap water was 1.39 ppm (SD 0.66), and the mean fluoride concentration in bottled water was 0.32 ppm (SD 0.23). Eighty-four children (14.39%) had a BMI Z-score ≤ -1 SD. More than half (56.1%) of the children presented with dental fluorosis in TFI categories ≥ 4. Children living in areas with higher fluoride concentrations in the tap water [odds ratio (OR) 1.57, p = 0.002] and bottled water (OR 3.03, p < .001) were more likely to have dental fluorosis in the severe categories (TFI ≥ 4). BMI Z-score was associated with the probability of dental fluorosis (TFI ≥ 4; OR 2.11, p < 0.001), and the effect size was 29.3%. Discussion A low BMI Z-score was associated with a higher prevalence of dental fluorosis in the severe category. Awareness of the fluoride concentrations in bottled water may help prevent dental fluorosis, particularly in children exposed to several high fluoride content sources. Children with a low BMI may be more vulnerable to dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Perez-Perez
- School of Dentistry, Regional University of the Southeast, Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonor Sanchez-Perez
- Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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González-Casamada C, Nevarez-Rascón M, Nevarez-Rascón A, González-Galván M, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Bologna-Molina R, Sánchez-Pérez L, Molina-Frechero N. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:211. [PMID: 36354656 PMCID: PMC9689045 DOI: 10.3390/dj10110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to fluoride exposure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify alleles/genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF) and to identify them as protective or risk factors. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles; the last search was performed in August 2022. Human studies that analyzed the relationship between SNPs and DF published in English were included; systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Methodological quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Eighteen articles were included, 44% of which showed high methodological quality and data from 5,625 participants aged 6 to 75 years were analyzed. The SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were considered risk factors, and ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were considered protective factors. In conclusion, there are alleles and genotypes of different single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in increasing or decreasing the risk of developing dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Casamada
- Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Institute of Research in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinics, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47650, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Chakraborty A, Pramanik S, Datta K, Goswami R, Saha D, Majumdar KK, Sikdar N. Possible Association Between Polymorphisms in ESR1, COL1A2, BGLAP, SPARC, VDR, and MMP2 Genes and Dental Fluorosis in a Population from an Endemic Region of West Bengal. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4641-4653. [PMID: 35066749 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dental fluorosis (DF) is the most prevalent form of fluorosis in India affecting millions of people all over the country. As estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2), bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGLAP), secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) genes play critical roles in bone metabolism, bone formation, mineral metabolism, and mineralization, variants in these genes could influence susceptibility to DF. The present study was aimed at evaluating the association between 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the six candidate genes (namely, ESR1, COL1A2, BGLAP, SPARC, VDR, and MMP2) and DF among 132 individuals (case = 71 and control = 61) living in a fluoride endemic region of West Bengal, India. No statistically significant association with disease risk was found when the genotypes and allele frequencies of each of the 15 SNPs was analyzed individually using odd's ratio with 95% confidence interval. "CC" and "AG" haplotypes of the COL1A2 gene showed a borderline association with DF. The present study is the first in India to use multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis for identifying gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in fluorosis. The biomarker of serum fluoride showed a significant association with the disease state among the 17 attributes (15 SNPs and 2 biomarkers of urine fluoride and serum fluoride) (P value = 0.011). The best model of MDR analysis with maximized testing accuracy involved two SNPs from the ESR1 gene (rs9340799 and rs2077647) and one SNP from BGLAP gene (rs1543294) (P value < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Chakraborty
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Sreemanta Pramanik
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India.
| | - Kallol Datta
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O. N.S.S., Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Goswami
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Depanwita Saha
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, i-8 Sector-C, East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Kunal Kanti Majumdar
- Department of Community Medicine, KPC Medical College and Hospital, 1F Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nilabja Sikdar
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Baranagar, Kolkata, 700108, India
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Feltrin-Souza J, Costa SAD, Bussaneli DG, Santos-Pinto L, Cerri PS, Cury J, Tenuta L, Cordeiro RDCL. In vivo effect of fluoride combined with amoxicillin on enamel development in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210171. [PMID: 34852156 PMCID: PMC8653805 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence in vitro suggested that amoxicillin and fluoride could disturb the enamel mineralization. Objective: To assess the effect of amoxicillin and of the combination of amoxicillin and fluoride on enamel mineralization in rats. Methodology: In total, 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CG); amoxicillin group (AG - amoxicillin (500 mg/kg/day), fluoride group (FG - fluoridated water (100 ppm -221 mg F/L), and amoxicillin + fluoride group (AFG). After 60 days, the samples were collected from plasma and tibiae and analyzed for fluoride (F) concentration. The incisors were also collected to determine the severity of fluorosis using the Dental Fluorosis by Image Analysis (DFIA) software, concentration of F, measurements of enamel thickness, and hardness. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, or Games-Howell post-hoc test (α=0.05). Results: Enamel thickness of the incisors did not differ statistically among the groups (p=0.228). Groups exposed to fluoride (AFG and FG) have higher F concentrations in plasma, bone and teeth than those not exposed to fluoride (CG and AG). The groups showed a similar behavior in the DFIA and hardness test, with the FG and AFG groups showing more severe fluorosis defects and significant lower hardness when compared with the AG and CG groups, with no difference from each other. Conclusion: The rats exposed to fluoride or fluoride + amoxicillin developed dental fluorosis, while exposure to amoxicillin alone did not lead to enamel defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Feltrin-Souza
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Estomatologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Silas Alves da Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Morfologia e Clínica Infantil, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Diego Girotto Bussaneli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Morfologia e Clínica Infantil, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lourdes Santos-Pinto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Morfologia e Clínica Infantil, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Morfologia e Clínica Infantil, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jaime Cury
- Universidade de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Departamento de Biociências, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Livia Tenuta
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, Department of Cariology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rita de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Morfologia e Clínica Infantil, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Li X, Liu D, Sun Y, Yang J, Yu Y. Association of genetic variants in enamel-formation genes with dental caries: A meta- and gene-cluster analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1645-1653. [PMID: 33732050 PMCID: PMC7938150 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the association between multiple genetic variants in the enamel-formation genes and the risk of dental caries with inconsistent results. We performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, HuGE and Google Scholar databases for studies published before March 21, 2020 and conducted meta-, gene-based and gene-cluster analysis on the association between genetic variants in the enamel-formation genes and the risk of dental caries. We identified 21 relevant publications including a total of 24 studies for analysis. The genetic variant rs17878486 in AMELX was significantly associated with dental caries risk (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.93, P = 0.037). We found no significant association between the risk of dental caries with rs12640848 in ENAM (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.88–1.52, P = 0.310), rs1784418 in MMP20 (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.76–1.49, P = 0.702) and rs3796704 in ENAM (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96–1.17, P = 0.228). Gene-based analysis indicated that multiple genetic variants in AMELX showed joint association with the risk of dental caries (6 variants; P < 10−5), so did genetic variants in MMP13 (3 variants; P = 0.004), MMP2 (3 variants; P < 10−5), MMP20 (2 variants; P < 10−5) and MMP3 (2 variants; P < 10−5). The gene-cluster analysis indicated a significant association between the genetic variants in this enamel-formation gene cluster and the risk of dental caries (P < 10−5). The present meta-analysis revealed that genetic variant rs17878486 in AMELX was associated with dental caries, and multiple genetic variants in the enamel-formation genes jointly contributed to the risk of dental caries, supporting the role of genetic variants in the enamel-formation genes in the etiology of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Eye & Ent Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Division of Statistics, School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,Research Center of Financial Information, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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