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Millender E, Harris RM, Bagneris JR, Marks LR, Barcelona V, Wong FY, Crusto CA, Taylor JY. The Cumulative Influence of Perceived Discrimination, Stress, and Coping Responses on Symptoms of Depression Among Young African American Mothers. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:322-332. [PMID: 35833679 PMCID: PMC9839894 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American women have an elevated risk for experiencing depressive symptoms, and discrimination, stress, and coping contribute to symptoms of depression. AIMS We aimed to examine the associations between discrimination, stress, and coping on symptoms of depression among young African American mothers. METHODS In this retrospective study, we utilized a hierarchical linear regression to explore the effects of perceived racial discrimination, stress, and general and discrimination-related coping responses on depressive symptoms in a sample of African American mothers (N = 250). The data were drawn from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure study (InterGEN), a study conducted between 2014 and 2019 and based in Connecticut. RESULTS After accounting for maternal age, level of education, and income, greater perceived racial discrimination (p = .03), higher levels of stress (p < .001), greater engagement in avoidance coping (p < .001), and use of passive coping responses to discrimination (p = .04) were uniquely associated with increased depressive symptoms. Other forms of coping, specifically, problem-solving and support seeking, did not appear to influence depressive symptoms in this sample. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the negative impact of discrimination, heightened stress, and maladaptive coping on the emotional health of young African American mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Millender
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Y. Wong
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn Y. Taylor
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Lee JJ, Chepkorir J, Alharthi A, Adeleye KK, Warren NE. Health Service Utilization of Black Immigrant Women Residing in the United States: A Systematic Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01945-x. [PMID: 38416293 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Black immigrants constitute a rapidly growing population group in the U.S. A comprehensive understanding of health services used by Black immigrant women is necessary to support the complex needs of this population. We conducted a systematic review to (1) understand the types of health services used by Black immigrant women living in the U.S. and (2) examine barriers and motivators to using health services. Relevant studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Embase. Articles published until October 2022 were included in the review. From a total of 15,245 records, 47 articles that reported on health service utilization practices of Black immigrant women were included in the review. A variety of different health services were accessed by Black immigrant women, such as hepatitis screening, reproductive health services, cancer screenings, substance abuse treatment, mental health services, HIV services, dental services, genetic testing, cardiovascular risk testing, and general health services/ hospitalizations. Motivators for using health services included possession of health insurance, knowledge of health resources and conditions, and positive experiences with providers. Barriers to using health services included challenges navigating the health system, language barriers, and cultural beliefs. Factors that positively influence health service utilization must be expanded at the institutional, societal, and policy levels to improve access to health services for Black immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Abeer Alharthi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khadijat K Adeleye
- University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Nursing, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nicole E Warren
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Hale ME, George AM, Caughy MO, Suveg C. Resting respiratory sinus arrythmia and cognitive reappraisal moderate the link between political climate stress and anxiety symptoms in Latina and Black mothers. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:100-113. [PMID: 37075162 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2199207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the Family Stress Model for minority families, the present study examined the potential buffering effect of resting respiratory sinus arrythmia (RRSA), cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness on the association between political climate stress (PCS) and anxiety symptoms in a sample of Latina and Black mothers. Participants were 100 mothers living in the southeastern United States. Mothers reported on PCS, cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, and symptoms of anxiety. RRSA were measured during a resting task. Moderation analyses tested the influence of these three factors (RRSA, cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness) on the relation between PCS and anxiety. Results showed that the relation between PCS and anxiety symptoms was strongest at low levels of RRSA and cognitive reappraisal. At high levels of these two factors, there was no association between PCS and anxiety symptoms. Mothers with high levels of RRSA and cognitive reappraisal may be able to interact with and evaluate environmental stimuli in such a way that allows for adaptive adjustment, buffering against the negative impact of PCS. RRSA and cognitive reappraisal may be important targets of interventions designed to address the rising rates of anxiety symptoms in Latina and Black mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Hale
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrea M George
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Margaret O Caughy
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia Suveg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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4
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Esie P, Bates LM. At the intersection of race and immigration: a comprehensive review of depression and related symptoms within the US Black population. Epidemiol Rev 2023; 45:105-126. [PMID: 37310121 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the literature on the differences between Black people and White people in terms of differences in major depressive disorder and related self-reported symptoms is robust, less robust is the literature on how these outcomes are patterned within the US Black population and why differences exist. Given increased ethnic diversity of Black Americans due to increases in immigration, continued aggregation may mask differences between Black ethnic-immigrant groups and Black Americans with more distant ancestral ties to Africa (African Americans). The purpose of this narrative review was to comprehensively synthesize the literature on depression and related symptoms within the US Black population across immigration- and ethnicity-related domains and provide a summary of mechanisms proposed to explain variation. Findings revealed substantial variation in the presence of these outcomes within the US Black population by nativity, region of birth, age at immigration, and Caribbean ethnic origin. Racial context and racial socialization were identified as important, promising mechanisms for better understanding variations by region of birth and among those born or socialized in the United States, respectively. Findings warrant data collection efforts and measurement innovation to better account for within-racial differences in outcomes under study. A greater appreciation of the growing ethnic-immigrant diversity within the US Black population may improve understanding of how racism differentially functions as a cause of depression and related symptoms within this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Esie
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Lisa M Bates
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States
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Jeong W, Kang H, Patel A, Singh M, Prachand N, Stewart WP. Financial, Social, and Health Impacts from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the Healthy Chicago Survey. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10220-y. [PMID: 37700149 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines self-reported impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chicago residents and disparities of these impacts across demographic characteristics. Six logistic regression models were developed to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with each COVID-19 impact. METHOD The study used de-identified and weighted data from the 2020 Healthy Chicago Survey (HCS). HCS is an annual survey using an address-based random sampling method administered by the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) across the city of Chicago on adults aged 18 or older living between July 17 and November 11, 2020, and received 4517 responses. RESULTS Chicago residents with lower socioeconomic status had a higher likelihood of food and housing insecurity. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black residents were more likely to report being unable to obtain food (OR: 2.996; 95% CI: 2.268-2.324); being unable to pay for rent, mortgage, or bills (OR: 2.352; 95% CI: 2.325-2.380); and grief from a loss of someone to COVID-19 (OR: 2.037; 95% CI: 2.013-2.061) compared to NH White residents. NH White residents were more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to report loss of social connections, worsened mental health, and canceling or postponing medical care. CONCLUSIONS The analysis showed higher odds of social contact loss and worsened mental health from COVID-19 in NH White and higher education populations. By implementing strategies to address specific challenges faced by different racial groups, Chicago may effectively mitigate pandemic's adverse effects. These strategies can promote a more inclusive approach to distributing COVID investments for programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Jeong
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Hyojung Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ajanta Patel
- Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meha Singh
- Healthy Chicago Survey, Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikhil Prachand
- Epidemiology, Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William P Stewart
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Sripada RK, Smith K, Walters HM, Ganoczy D, Kim HM, Grau PP, Nahum-Shani I, Possemato K, Kuhn E, Zivin K, Pfeiffer PN, Bohnert KM, Cigrang JA, Avallone KM, Rauch SAM. Testing adaptive interventions to improve PTSD treatment outcomes in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 129:107182. [PMID: 37044157 PMCID: PMC10349653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) disproportionately affects low-income individuals and is untreated in 70% of those affected. One third of low-income Americans are treated in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), which do not have the capacity to provide all patients with first-line treatments such as Prolonged Exposure (PE). To address this problem, FQHCs could use low-intensity interventions (e.g., Clinician-Supported PTSD Coach: CS PTSD Coach) and medium-intensity interventions (e.g., PE for Primary Care: PE-PC) to treat PTSD with fewer resources. However, some patients will still require high-intensity treatments (e.g., full-length PE) for sustained clinical benefit. Thus, there is a critical need to develop stepped-care models for PTSD in FQHCs. METHOD We are conducting a Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART) with 430 adults with PTSD in FQHCs. Participants are initially randomized to CS PTSD Coach or PE-PC. After four sessions, early responders step down to lower frequency interaction within their assigned initial treatment strategy. Slow responders are re-randomized to either continue their initial treatment strategy or step up to Full PE for an additional eight weeks. The specific aims are to test the effectiveness of initiating treatment with PE-PC versus CS PTSD Coach in reducing PTSD symptoms and to test the effectiveness of second-stage strategies (continue versus step-up to Full PE) for slow responders. CONCLUSIONS This project will provide critical evidence to inform the development of an effective stepped-care model for PTSD. Testing scalable, sustainable sequences of PTSD treatments delivered in low-resource community health centers will improve clinical practice for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Kayla Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Heather M Walters
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Dara Ganoczy
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - H Myra Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Consulting for Statistics, Computing and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Peter P Grau
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Data-Science for Dynamic Decision-making Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kyle Possemato
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric Kuhn
- National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kara Zivin
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Paul N Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kipling M Bohnert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Cigrang
- School of Professional Psychology, College of Health Education and Human Services, Wright State University, Fairborn, OH, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M Avallone
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sheila A M Rauch
- VA Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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7
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Chatters LM, Taylor RJ, Neighbors HW, Bowman PJ, Williams DR, Mezuk B, Caldwell C. James S. Jackson and the program for research on Black Americans: Contributions to psychology and the social sciences. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023; 78:413-427. [PMID: 37384497 PMCID: PMC10313130 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
James S. Jackson (1944-2020) is remembered as a groundbreaking social psychologist whose career contributions in scholarship, research, and service were fundamental to the field of psychology. This article briefly outlines his career-long work and contributions. A strong believer in interdisciplinary work, his research spanned other related social science disciplines (e.g., sociology, political science), as well as health and social welfare professions (public health, social work, medicine). As the founding director of the Program for Research on Black Americans at the Institute for Social Research, James Jackson initiated and led a long-standing program with a dual focus on research and training and mentoring doctoral students, postdoctoral scholars, and early career scientists. Jackson's efforts in the development of several nationally representative surveys of the Black population in the United States (e.g., National Survey of Black Americans, National Survey of American Life) revolutionized research focusing on the lives of Black Americans. James Jackson's international influence and reputation included numerous prestigious positions within national science organizations and honors and awards for his scientific contributions. Among James S. Jackson's most enduring legacies is the vast network of current scientists, researchers, and academics who were trained under his direction and leadership. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Chatters
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan
- Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan
| | - Robert Joseph Taylor
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan
- Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Cleopatra Caldwell
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan
- Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan
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Abstract
ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between eight measures of religious involvement and five anxiety disorders among a nationally representative sample of African-Americans ( N = 3403). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition , World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess 12-month and lifetime prevalence for each disorder. Logistic regression indicated weekly service attendance was inversely associated with 12-month and lifetime panic disorder, lifetime agoraphobia, and 12-month and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prayer was inversely associated with 12-month agoraphobia, 12-month social phobia, and lifetime PTSD. Listening to religious radio and looking to God for strength were also inversely related to, respectively, 12-month and lifetime panic disorder. Conversely, reading religious materials was positively associated with 12-month panic disorder, 12-month agoraphobia, lifetime PTSD, and lifetime generalized anxiety disorder. The results are discussed in light of conceptual models that specify multiple and sometimes divergent pathways through which religion impacts health, and suggestions for clinicians addressing anxiety disorders are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda M Chatters
- School of Public Health and Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Meng X, Gao Y, Qi H, Ding Y, Sun Y. Clinical Application Value of Lactobacillus Plantarum PS128 in Patients with Anxiety Disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:560-566. [PMID: 35879040 PMCID: PMC9329101 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective PS128 is a novel psycho biotic strain, it has been reported to play an important role in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study investigated the clinical effect of PS128 supplementation on patients with anxiety. Methods A total of 200 patients with anxiety were recruited, and divided into two groups (n = 100/group). The control group received oral treatment with citalopram, and the PS128 group received PS128 capsules based on citalopram treatment. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to evaluate the anxiety levels. After 2 months of continuous administration, clinical efficacy was evaluated according to HAMA score. Results There was no significant difference in HAMA and SAS scores between the two groups before treatment. With the treatment prolonged, the HAMA and SAS score decreased gradually in both control and PS128 groups, and the decrease rate of PS128 group was significantly greater than that of the control group. The clinical effective rates of PS128 group were higher than those in the control group, high levels of clinical cure rate were also detected in the PS128 group. Compared with the control group (22%), the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly reduced for patients in the PS128 group (4%). Conclusion The treatment effect of citalopram combined with PS128 against anxiety is satisfactory clinically. It can greatly improve the anxiety symptoms of patients, increase the cure rate, reduce adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yajie Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongyan Ding
- Department of Outpatient, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Gaocheng, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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10
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Ifatunji MA, Faustin Y, Lee W, Wallace D. Black Nativity and Health Disparities: A Research Paradigm for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159166. [PMID: 35954520 PMCID: PMC9367942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After more than a century of research and debate, the scientific community has yet to reach agreement on the principal causes of racialized disparities in population health. This debate currently centers on the degree to which "race residuals" are a result of unobserved differences in the social context or unobserved differences in population characteristics. The comparative study of native and foreign-born Black populations represents a quasi-experimental design where race is "held constant". Such studies present a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the social determinants of population health disparities. Since native and foreign-born Black populations occupy different sociocultural locations, and since populations with greater African ancestry have greater genetic diversity, comparative studies of these populations will advance our understanding of the complex relationship between sociocultural context, population characteristics and health outcomes. Therefore, we offer a conceptual framing for the comparative study of native and foreign-born Blacks along with a review of 208 studies that compare the mental and physical health of these populations. Although there is some complexity, especially with respect to mental health, the overall pattern is that foreign-born Blacks have better health outcomes than native-born Blacks. After reviewing these studies, we conclude with suggestions for future studies in this promising area of social and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosi Adesina Ifatunji
- Departments of African American Studies and Sociology, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanica Faustin
- Department of Public Health Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA;
| | - Wendy Lee
- Department of Sociology, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 54706, USA;
| | - Deshira Wallace
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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Jones AL, Rafferty J, Cochran SD, Abelson J, Mays VM. Persistence, Impairment, Disability and Unmet Treatment of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety Disorders in Black Men and Women, 50 Years of Age and Older. J Aging Health 2022; 34:378-389. [PMID: 35435023 PMCID: PMC9133161 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221086065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine anxiety disorders in aging Black adults. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Survey of American Life, we estimated lifetime/12-month prevalence of anxiety disorders in Black men and women, age 50+ (N = 1561). Disorder-specific persistence and severity, functional impairment, and mental health service utilization were investigated using multivariate regressions. Results: Black men and women who met criteria for anxiety disorders (lifetime prevalence=12.4%/18.3% in men/women) also demonstrated persistent disorders (percent meeting criteria = 40.3%-61.2%). Those with a 12-month anxiety disorder (6.2%/10.5% of men/women) typically reported severe task interference (38.3%-85.7%). Those with any 12-month anxiety disorder, compared to those without, experienced greater impairment in days out of role, work, family burden, cognition and, in women, mobility (p's < .05). Only 47.0%/65.2% of Black men/women with any lifetime anxiety disorder used mental health services. Discussion: Despite low prevalence, older Blacks with anxiety disorders experience substantial mental health burden in middle age and later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Jones
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (IDEAS), 422567Veteran Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jane Rafferty
- Program for Research on Black Americans, 51331Institute of Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, 143265University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Susan D Cochran
- Departments of Epidemiology and Statistics, Fielding School of Public Health, 25808University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- UCLA Center for Bridging Research Innovation, Training and Education for Minority Health Disparities Solutions (BRITE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Abelson
- Program for Research on Black Americans, 51331Institute of Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, 143265University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Vickie M Mays
- UCLA Center for Bridging Research Innovation, Training and Education for Minority Health Disparities Solutions (BRITE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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12
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Jones AL, Rafferty J, Cochran SD, Abelson J, Hanna MR, Mays VM. Prevalence, Severity and Burden of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Black Men and Women Across the Adult Life span. J Aging Health 2022; 34:401-412. [PMID: 35510479 PMCID: PMC9175561 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221086071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Black adults in younger, middle, and older ages. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Survey of American Life, we estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of PTSD in Black men and women ages 18-34, 35-49, and 50+. We determined PTSD persistence and severity by age group, then associations of PTSD with socio-economic status, chronic stress, and racial discrimination in middle age. Results: The lifetime prevalence of PTSD was higher in Black women/men ages 18-34 (prevalence=14.0%/6.3%) and 35-49 (12.8%/4.6%) versus 50 and older (8.7%/5.1%). Those ages 35-49 were more likely than younger/older Black adults to have severe interference in work, relationships, and activities domains. In middle age, PTSD was associated with unemployment, lower education, poverty, and stress in Black men, and unemployment, divorce, poverty, stress, and discrimination in Black women. Discussion: Black women experience a disproportionate burden of PTSD in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Jones
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, 20122Veteran Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jane Rafferty
- Program for Research on Black Americans, 51331Institute of Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, 143265University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan D Cochran
- Departments of Epidemiology and Statistics, Fielding School of Public Health, 25808University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA BRITE Center for Science, Research & Policy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Abelson
- Program for Research on Black Americans, 51331Institute of Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, 143265University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R Hanna
- Department of Psychology, 5926The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vickie M Mays
- UCLA BRITE Center for Science, Research & Policy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Morie KP, Crowley MJ, Mayes LC, Potenza MN. The process of emotion identification: Considerations for psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:264-274. [PMID: 35151218 PMCID: PMC8969204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emotional regulation is important for mental health and behavioral regulation. A relevant precursor to emotional regulation may involve identification of one's emotions. Here, we propose a model of seven components that may provide a foundation for emotion identification. These factors include baseline mood, monitoring, physiological responses, interoception, past personal experiences regarding emotions/metacognition, context, and labeling. We additionally examine how deficits in different components may contribute to the concept of alexithymia, which is defined by difficulty identifying and describing one's own emotions. Ultimately, we explore how the model may support a relationship between specific psychiatric disorders and alexithymia. The proposed model may help explain emotional identification impairment in multiple psychiatric disorders and guide future research and treatment development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Morie
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, 06109, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Motrico E, Salinas-Perez JA, Rodero-Cosano ML, Conejo-Cerón S. Editors' Comments on the Special Issue "Social Determinants of Mental Health". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083957. [PMID: 33918698 PMCID: PMC8070115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders are one of the greatest public health concerns of our time, and they are affected by social factors. To reduce the considerable burden of mental disorders, more global and systematic knowledge of the social determinants of mental health is necessary. This paper presents the results of the 27 studies included in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Special Issue, “Social Determinants of Mental Health”. The studies are grouped into four broad categories: social inclusion and mental health, young people’s mental health, mental health at work, and mental health service users. The results cover different countries, age populations, settings, and methodologies. Finally, the main findings on the relationship between social determinants and mental health are presented and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Motrico
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (J.A.S.-P.); (M.L.R.-C.); (S.C.-C.)
| | - Jose A. Salinas-Perez
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (J.A.S.-P.); (M.L.R.-C.); (S.C.-C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Rodero-Cosano
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (J.A.S.-P.); (M.L.R.-C.); (S.C.-C.)
| | - Sonia Conejo-Cerón
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (J.A.S.-P.); (M.L.R.-C.); (S.C.-C.)
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Nicholson HL, Wheeler PB. Prescription Drug Misuse among African Americans and Afro Caribbeans: Results from the National Survey of American Life. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:962-970. [PMID: 33769198 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1901928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The misuse of prescription medications is an understudied topic among the non-Hispanic Black population in the U.S. Even less is known about the prevalence and correlates of misuse among African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans, despite documented differences in their substance use behaviors. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of lifetime prescription drug misuse among African Americans and Afro Caribbeans using data from the National Survey of American Life. METHODS A national household probability sample of non-institutionalized African Americans and Afro Caribbeans from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys was used. Pooled and ethnicity-stratified logistic regressions were estimated. RESULTS Findings showed no significant differences between African Americans (6.36%) and Afro-Caribbeans (5.71%) in lifetime prescription drug misuse. Several correlates were found to be associated with misuse among only African American or Afro-Caribbean respondents. CONCLUSIONS While research has shown prescription drug misuse is an issue among Blacks overall, our results show that the role of ethnicity must not be overlooked, especially when tailoring prevention and intervention programs. Limitations of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey L Nicholson
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Paris B Wheeler
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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