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Dou Y, Wang N, Zhang S, Sun C, Chen J, Qu Z, Cui A, Li J. Electroactive nanofibrous membrane with antibacterial and deodorizing properties for air filtration. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134064. [PMID: 38513444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Water vapor from respiration can severely accelerate the charge dissipation of the face mask, reducing filtration efficiency. Moreover, the foul odor from prolonged mask wear tends to make people remove their masks, leading to the risk of infection. In this study, an electro-blown spinning electroactive nanofibrous membrane (Zn/CB@PAN) with antibacterial and deodorization properties was prepared by adding zinc (Zn) and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles to the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, respectively. The filtration efficiency of Zn/CB@PAN for PM0.3 was > 99% and could still maintain excellent durability within 4 h in a high-humidity environment (25 ℃ and RH = 95%). Moreover, the bacterial interception rate of the Zn/CB@PAN could reach 99.99%, and it can kill intercepted bacteria. In addition, the deodorization rate of Zn/CB@PAN in the moist state for acetic acid was 93.75% and ammonia was 95.23%, respectively. The excellent filtering, antibacterial, and deodorizing performance of Zn/CB@PAN can be attributed to the synergistic effect of breath-induced Zn/CB galvanic couples' electroactivity, released metal ions, and generated reactive oxygen species. The developed Zn/CB@PAN could capture and kill airborne environmental pathogens under humid environments and deodorize odors from prolonged wear, holding promise for broad applications as personal protective masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Dou
- College of Textiles and Clothing, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- College of Textiles and Clothing, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenghai Qu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Aihua Cui
- Weifang Yingke Marine Biological Material Co., Ltd, Weifang 262600, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- College of Textiles and Clothing, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Specialty Nonwoven Materials, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Ha NY, Jeong H, Son J, Cha MR, Song S, Hwang JH, Kim J. Preliminary investigation of a combined herbal extract of Aruncus dioicus, Cirsium nipponicum, and Ocimum basilicum for halitosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37061. [PMID: 38363943 PMCID: PMC10869069 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis, the unpleasant odor in the oral cavity, has garnered increased attention and concern due to the growing significance of social interaction. SGE-107, a blend of 3 botanical drugs-Korean goat's beard, Cirsium tanakae, and Basil-with caffeic acid as its indicator component. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of SGE-107 in treating halitosis in patients with mild gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS We enrolled 25 participants with oral malodor and dyspeptic symptoms. We assessed the severity of halitosis using the visual analog scale. Throughout a 4-week period of administering SGE-107, we evaluated both objective and subjective parameters, including the halitosis-associated life-quality test, the Korean gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, levels of volatile sulfur compounds, salivary flow rate, oral moisture, tongue index, Winkel tongue coating index, and tongue temperature. RESULTS After the intervention period, both the visual analog scale (5.88 ± 1.03 vs 2.38 ± 0.93, P < .001) and the scores of the halitosis-associated life-quality test (31.21 ± 11.78 vs 13.83 ± 6.38, P < .001) showed significant reductions. The proportion of participants with abnormal levels of methyl mercaptan (a volatile sulfur compound) also significantly decreased (17, 70.8% vs 9, 37.5%, P = .039). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in reflux, constipation, diarrhea, and the total scores on the Korean gastrointestinal symptom rating scale. Throughout the study period, only 2 participants experienced mild adverse events. CONCLUSION SGE-107 appears to be a safe and effective treatment for halitosis-associated with gastrointestinal symptoms; nevertheless, the limited sample size necessitates further large-scale randomized, controlled studies to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Ha
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digestive Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Jeong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digestive Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juah Son
- USCAREPHARM Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Cha
- USCAREPHARM Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Song
- USCAREPHARM Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jinsung Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digestive Diseases, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mouliou DS. C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians. Diseases 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37873776 PMCID: PMC10594506 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of various diseases is presented, of all cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, renal, gynecological, andrological, dental, oral, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, mental, splenic, thyroid conditions, as well as infections, autoimmune-supposed conditions and neoplasms, including other possible factors that have been linked with elevated concentrations of that protein. Moreover, data on molecular diagnostics on CRP are discussed, and possible etiologies of false test results are highlighted. Additionally, this review evaluates all current pieces of evidence on CRP and systemic inflammation, and highlights future goals. Finally, a novel diagnostic algorithm to carefully assess the CRP level for a precise diagnosis of a medical condition is illustrated.
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Mardiko AA, Bludau A, Heinemann S, Kaba HEJ, Fenz D, Leha A, von Maltzahn N, Mutters NT, Leistner R, Mattner F, Scheithauer S. Infection control strategies for healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in German hospitals: A cross-sectional study in march-april 2021. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14658. [PMID: 36945349 PMCID: PMC10022461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCW) are at risk of getting infected with COVID-19 at work. To prevent such incidents and provide a safe environment in hospitals, comprehensive infection control strategies are necessary. We aimed to collect information on COVID-19 infection control strategies regarding personal protective equipment (PPE), regulations during breaks for HCW and dissemination of pandemic-related information. Methods We invited infection control practitioners from 987 randomly selected German hospitals in March-April 2021 to participate in our cross-sectional online survey. We categorized the hospital based on bed capacity (≤499 beds = small; ≥500 beds = large). Fisher's exact test was performed and p < 0.05 defined as statistically significant. Findings 100 participants completed the questionnaire. Small hospitals were more directive about requiring FFP2 respirators (63%), whereas larger hospitals more often gave their HCW a choice between these and medical masks (67%). For the care of COVID-19 and suspected COVID-19 cases, >90% of the participants recommended the use of gloves. Notably, gloves were recommended beyond COVID-19 in 30% of the hospitals. During meal breaks various strategies were followed. Conclusion Recommendations for PPE varied across hospital sizes, which could be due to different assessments of necessity and safety. Regulations during breaks varied strongly which illustrates the need for clear official guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Mardiko
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Bludau
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinemann
- Local Task Force of the Network University Medicine (NUM), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hani E J Kaba
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Fenz
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistic, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole von Maltzahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico T Mutters
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rasmus Leistner
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Mattner
- Institute for Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Witten-Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Scheithauer
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Muzzamil M, Pervez H, Nawaz R, Raza S, Tharwani ZH, Nisa M. Impact of facemasks on the mouth as an emerging dental concern: A survey among residents of Karachi. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 19:101183. [PMID: 36467549 PMCID: PMC9699707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The illness known as "mask-mouth syndrome," which is brought on by constantly covering one's mouth and nose with a mask, was particularly prevalent among healthcare personnel. The covid-19 pandemic, however, had far-reaching effects on people's daily lives all around the world, to the point where mask use became practically mandatory. With Covid-19 posing a new threat to dental health, this study aims to assess the public's awareness of the issue and investigate how wearing a facemask affects oral hygiene. Methods Cross-sectional research was conducted at Karachi's Jinnah Medical & Dental College. From February to May of 2022, it was carried out in the Dental Opd. A survey of 400 people was conducted, representing a cross-section of society in terms of age, gender, occupation, and other criteria. The poll had 11 closed-ended questions. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the responses. Results Men made up 44.5% (n = 174) of responses and women 56.5% (n = 226). Mean participant age was 27.31, ranging from 18 to 50. 99% (n = 396) of respondents wear masks. 48% (n = 192) of participants were uncomfortable using facemasks. Disposable face masks were voted the best option by 60.5% of respondents (n = 242). Negative effects or conditions brought on by mask use, such as halitosis (47.3%, n = 189) and dehydration (64.3%, n = 257). Conclusion Mask-mouth syndrome can occur as a result of using a face mask for prolonged periods of time. Mask benefits outweigh the danger of mask mouth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zoaib Habib Tharwani
- Dow University of Health Sciences (Dow Medical College), Pakistan,Corresponding author
| | - Maryam Nisa
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kanzow P, Rammert LS, Rohland B, Barke S, Placzek M, Wiegand A. Effect of face masks on salivary parameters and halitosis: Randomized controlled crossover trial. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:56-62. [PMID: 36459058 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Face masking is associated with self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis. Aim of the study was to measure the effect of different face masks on salivary parameters and halitosis. METHODS The randomized controlled crossover clinical trial with four periods included 40 oral healthy participants using different face masks (cloth mask, surgical mask, filtering facepiece 2 [FFP2] mask) or no mask (control) for 4 h in random order. Unstimulated salivary flow rate (primary outcome) and stimulated salivary flow rate, salivary pH and buffer capacity of stimulated and unstimulated saliva (secondary outcomes, blinded), and volatile sulfur compounds (secondary outcome) were measured before and after the 4-h periods. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS Of 40 randomized participants, 39 completed the study. Unstimulated salivary flow rate prior to face masking amounted to 0.6 ± 0.3 ml/min. Face masking had no significant effect on unstimulated salivary flow (p = 0.550). Face masking had also no significant effect on the other salivary parameters (p ≥ 0.518). The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) prior to face masking amounted to 157.3 ± 59.7 ppb. After face masking, the concentration of VSC increased slightly, but not significantly (p = 0.055): 168.1 ± 76.3 ppb (control), 199.3 ± 132.7 ppb (cloth masks), 188.5 ± 101.1 ppb (surgical masks), and 189.7 ± 90.1 ppb (FFP2 masks). CONCLUSION Four hours of face masking did not change the salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity, and had no significant effect on VSC's levels. Wearing face masks does not seem to result in measurable side-effects on salivary parameters such as a reduced salivary flow rate or VSC's levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04914208) on June 4, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lea-Sophie Rammert
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Rohland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Barke
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius Placzek
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Balappanavar AY, Rijhwani K, Chahar P, Gupta R. Self-Perceived Halitosis and Related Factors Among the Mask-Wearing Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Delhi, India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e32507. [PMID: 36654644 PMCID: PMC9840413 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Halitosis (oral malodor) is a common health condition throughout the world. In India, data on self-reported halitosis and related factors is limited. Mouth mask usage has been made compulsory after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This could possibly alter oral microflora and environment and contribute to halitosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of self-perceived halitosis (SPH) among mask-wearing patients visiting a tertiary care dental hospital in Delhi, India. Methods A cross‑sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 300 patients visiting a tertiary care dental hospital in the capital of India. SPH status was measured using a self-designed and structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic factors, mask-related habits, and self-perceived oral health status. Statistical analysis was done using Jamovi software (The jamovi project, Sydney, Australia) version 1.8. Descriptive analysis followed by a chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression test was applied. Results Bad breath was perceived by 86 study subjects. Of the participants, 16.7% felt that they had bad breath before the pandemic, and 38% of the participants had an increased perception or feeling of bad breath since regular mask usage. Of the participants, 42.7% felt that they had an increased feeling of dryness in the mouth post-pandemic. SPH status was associated with mask usage frequency (p<0.001), change (p<0.001) and type of mask (p=0.004), increased feeling of dryness (p<0.001), frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.001), self-reported oral disease (p=0.007), and dental treatment in the past 12 months (p=0.005). Conclusion The SPH status of the study population was associated with mask-related habits and self-reported oral health status. The findings highlight the importance of possible amendments in preventive and curative care for patients with halitosis post-COVID-19 pandemic.
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Au S, Baraniya D, Dao J, Awan SB, Alvarez J, Sklar S, Chen T, Puri S, Al-Hebshi NN. Prolonged mask wearing does not alter the oral microbiome, salivary flow rate or gingival health status – A pilot study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1039811. [PMID: 36439237 PMCID: PMC9684305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1039811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread use of N95 respirators and surgical masks, with anecdotal reports among healthcare providers and the public of xerostomia, halitosis, and gingivitis, a consortium of symptoms colloquially termed “mask mouth”. However, this has not been scientifically verified. The aim of this study was to assess changes in salivary flow rate, gingival health status and oral microbiome associated with prolonged mask use. A total of 25 dental students (mean age = 26.36 ± 1.58) were included in the study and evaluated at three time points: T1, at the end of at least 2 months of full-day mask wear (7.26 ± 1.56 hours/day); T2, at the end of a period of minimal mask use (1.13 ± 1.13 hours/day); and T3, at the end of 2-3 weeks of resuming full-day mask wear (6.93 ± 1.80 hours/day). Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) flow rate, xerostomia (on a quantitative scale of 10), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were assessed at each time point. The salivary microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, UWS flow rates were normal (mean of 0.679 ml/min) and xerostomia, PI and GI scores were low (Mean of 3.11, 0.33 and 0.69, respectively) with no significant differences as a result of prolonged mask wearing. Similarly, there were no significant microbial changes at a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. However, some trends were identified using a nominal p-value cut-off of ≤ 0.01, namely Gemella sanguinis, Streptococcus sp. Oral taxon 066 and Oral taxon 058 were associated with prolonged mask wear. Trends were also seen by gender, race and age, for example an increase in P. gingivalis and P. intermedia with age. In conclusion, we found no evidence that prolonged mask wear adversely affects oral health. The findings support that the oral microbiome of healthy individuals is resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheralyn Au
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Dao
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shehar Bano Awan
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jenelle Alvarez
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shari Sklar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sumant Puri
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nezar N. Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nezar N. Al-Hebshi,
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Wojtasz I, Cofta S, Czudaj P, Jaracz K, Kaźmierski R. Effect of Face Masks on Blood Saturation, Heart Rate, and Well-Being Indicators in Health Care Providers Working in Specialized COVID-19 Center. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031397. [PMID: 35162420 PMCID: PMC8835197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether wearing face masks (filtering facepieces, FFP class 2) with personal protective equipment (FPP2/PPE), while working a 12-h shift in a COVID-19 referral center, affects the blood saturation, heart rate (HR), and well-being of health care providers (HCPs). The study included a group of 37 HCPs. To perform continuous recordings of the SpO2 and heart rate (HR) in real time, we used a Nellcor PM10N (Covidien, Mansfield, MA, USA) portable monitoring system. SpO2, HR, and HCP well-being scales were measured during two 3-h shifts, while HCPs worked during a 12-h period. Additionally, each subject completed a questionnaire concerning their well-being. The difference in the SpO2 level between the 1st and 2nd working shifts while wearing an FFP2/PPE was small, with a median decrease in SpO2 of -1%. The scales of the well-being indicators increased within the shift. They were mainly fatigue and thirst with median scores of 2 out of 6 (range 0-4). We assume that during a 12-h period, a work scheme that consists of a 3-h shift in FFP2/PPE and a 3-h rest period (working without FPP2/PPE) is a reliable and safe solution for HCPs working in specialized COVID-19 referral hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Wojtasz
- Department for Neurology with Stroke Unit, L. Bierkowski Hospital, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Szczepan Cofta
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paweł Czudaj
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-179 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Jaracz
- Department of Neurological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-179 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Radosław Kaźmierski
- Department of Neurology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-6076-61171
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