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Sailaja STN, Maisuls I, Hepp A, Brünink D, Doltsinis NL, Faust A, Hermann S, Strassert CA. Dual Emissive Zn(II) Naphthalocyanines: Synthesis, Structural and Photophysical Characterization with Theory-Supported Insights towards Soluble Coordination Compounds with Visible and Near-Infrared Emission. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2605. [PMID: 38473852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal phthalocyaninates and their higher homologues are recognized as deep-red luminophores emitting from their lowest excited singlet state. Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, and in-depth characterization of a new class of dual-emissive (visible and NIR) metal naphthalocyaninates. A 4-N,N-dimethylaminophen-4-yl-substituted naphthalocyaninato zinc(II) complex (Zn-NMe2Nc) and the derived water-soluble coordination compound (Zn-NMe3Nc) exhibit a near-infrared fluorescence from the lowest ligand-centered state, along with a unique push-pull-supported luminescence in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. An unprecedentedly broad structural (2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry) as well as photophysical characterization (steady-state state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy) is presented. The unique dual emission was assigned to two independent sets of singlet states related to the intrinsic Q-band of the macrocycle and to the push-pull substituents in the molecular periphery, respectively, as predicted by TD-DFT calculations. In general, the elusive chemical aspects of these macrocyclic compounds are addressed, involving both reaction conditions, thorough purification, and in-depth characterization. Besides the fundamental aspects that are investigated herein, the photoacoustic properties were exemplarily examined using phantom gels to assess their tomographic imaging capabilities. Finally, the robust luminescence in the visible range arising from the push-pull character of the peripheral moieties demonstrated a notable independence from aggregation and was exemplarily implemented for optical imaging (FLIM) through time-resolved multiphoton micro(spectro)scopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Thulaseedharan Nair Sailaja
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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2
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Khirudin NNM, Yusof ENM, Arshad S, Sirat SS. Cu(II) complex of S-benzyl-β-N-(2-methoxybenzylmethylene)dithiocarbazate: synthesis, DFT calculations, cell cytotoxicity assay and DNA binding studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Achache F, Khouba Z, Benabdallah T, Maschke U, Hadj Youcef M. Phase transition behavior of pentylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal containing n-dodecyl-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldimine. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2161561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Achache
- Département de Chimie Physique, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB, Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM), USTO-MB, Oran, Algeria
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Zoulikha Khouba
- Département de Chimie Physique, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB, Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM), USTO-MB, Oran, Algeria
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Tayeb Benabdallah
- Département de Chimie Physique, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB, Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM), USTO-MB, Oran, Algeria
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMET (UMR CNRS N°8207), Bâtiment C6, Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mohammed Hadj Youcef
- Département de Chimie Physique, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf USTO-MB, Laboratoire de Chimie et d’Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM), USTO-MB, Oran, Algeria
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4
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Dithiocarbazate Ligand-Based Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Investigations, Cytotoxicity, DNA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:2004052. [PMID: 35959229 PMCID: PMC9357781 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
S-4-methylbenzyl-β-N-(2-methoxybenzylmethylene)dithiocarbazate ligand, 1, prepared from S-(4-methylbenzyl)dithiocarbazate, was used to produce a novel series of transition metal complexes of the type, [M (L)2] [M = Cu(II) (2), Ni(II) (3), and Zn(II) (4), L = 1]. The ligand and its complexes were investigated by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C-NMR, MS spectrometry, and molar conductivity. In addition, single X-ray crystallography was also performed for ligand, 1, and complex 3. The Hirshfeld surface analyses were also performed to know about various bonding interactions in the ligand, 1, and complex 3. The investigated compounds were also tested to evaluate their cytotoxic behaviour. However, complex 2 showed promising results against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-213 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the interaction of CT-DNA with ligand, 1, and complex 2 was also studied using the electronic absorption method, revealing that the compounds have potential DNA-binding ability via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. A molecular docking study of complex 2 was also carried out, which revealed that free binding free energy value was −7.39 kcal mol−1.
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Niquini FM, Machado PH, Valadares Rodrigues JH, Pontes-Silva AV, Figueiredo RC, Silveira RG, Corrêa RS. On the experimental and theoretical calculations of rotameric conformations of a new Schiff base derived from amantadine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Theoretical Investigation on the ESIPT Process and Detection Mechanism for Dual-Proton Type Fluorescent Probe. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042132. [PMID: 35216247 PMCID: PMC8876953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new fluorescent probe AE-Phoswas reported to detect the activity of alkaline phosphatases (ALP) in different living cell lines. Here, we present an in-depth computational analysis of the mechanism and source of the fluorescence of the AE-Phos probe. There is an intermediate product (AE-OH-Phos) in the experiment as well as a different configuration of products that may emit fluorescence. It is essential to investigate the origin of fluorescence and the detection mechanism of the probe, which could help us eliminate the interference of other substances (including an intermediate product and possible isomers) on fluorescence during the experiment. According to the change of geometric parameters and Infrared spectra, we deduce that the dual intramolecular hydrogen bonds of salicylaldehyde azine (SA) were enhanced at the excited state, while AE-OH-Phos was attenuated. Considering the complex ESIPT behavior of the dual proton-type probe, the potential energy surfaces were further discussed. It can be concluded that the single proton transfer structure of SA (SA-SPT) is the most stable form. Both the concerted double proton transfer process and stepwise single proton transfer process of SA were forbidden. The fluorescence for SA was 438 nm, while that of SA-SPT was 521 nm, which agrees with the experimentally measured fluorescence wavelength (536 nm). The conclusion that single proton transfer occurs in SA is once again verified. In addition, the distribution of electron-hole and relative index was analyzed to investigate the intrinsic mechanism for the fluorescence quenching of the probe and the intermediate product. The identification of the origin of fluorescence sheds light on the design and use of dual-proton type fluorescent probes in the future.
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Li H, Dang C, Tai X, Xue L, Meng Y, Ma S, Zhang J. VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14985. [PMID: 34294779 PMCID: PMC8298535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schiff base compounds and their metal complexes have become important synthetic organic drugs due to their extensive biological activities, which include anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral effects. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced by VALD-3. Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis revealed that VALD-3 upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad and Bax), downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, survivin and XIAP) and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, Cyto-c and cleaved PARP. VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. In addition, survival analysis showed that VALD-3 can significantly prolong the survival time of mice (P = 0.036). This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Li
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Dang
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Tai
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Xue
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yuna Meng
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shuping Ma
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West road, Chengguan district, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China
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8
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Tin(IV) compounds of tridentate thiosemicarbazone Schiff bases: Synthesis, characterization, in-silico analysis and in vitro cytotoxicity. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Synthesis, cytotoxicity of some pyrazoles and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing benzothiazole moiety and investigation of their mechanism of action. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104053. [PMID: 32673889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazoles and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing benzothiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. Chemical structures were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analyses. Nine compounds were selected and screened for their cytotoxic activity at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA against 60 cancer cell lines in a single dose assay. Compounds 4 and 5 exerted the most potent growth inhibitory activity against most cancer cell lines with growth inhibition (GI%) ranges from 44.86% to 84.59% and 31.20% to 52.36%, respectively. Consequently, they were further investigated through IC50 determination using five dose MTT colorimetric assay against three sensitive cell lines, leukemia CCRF-CEM, non-small cell lung cancer HOP-92 and liver cancer Hep-G2. Compound 4 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the three tested cell lines with IC50 16.34, 3.45 and 7.79 μM, respectively representing half potency, 3.5 folds potency and nearly equipotent to roscovitine. To investigate its mechanism of action, cell cycle analysis of compound 4 was conducted and showed that it induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in HOP-92 cells. In correlation with the previous results, caspase-3 activation was tested and illustrated elevation in its concentration by nearly 14 folds than control. Besides, enzyme inhibition assay of compound 4 was evaluated towards two common antitumor targets namely KDM1 and CDK1 showing significant inhibitory activity with IC50 0.096 and 0.078 μM, respectively.
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10
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Barboza CA, Gawrys P, Banasiewicz M, Suwinska K, Sobolewski AL. Photophysical transformations induced by chemical substitution to salicylaldimines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6698-6705. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of electron-acceptor strength and microenvironment polarity on the photophysical properties of salicylaldimines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Gawrys
- Physics Institute
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Kinga Suwinska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw
- Warsaw
- Poland
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11
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Yusof ENM, Latif MAM, Tahir MIM, Sakoff JA, Simone MI, Page AJ, Veerakumarasivam A, Tiekink ERT, Ravoof TBSA. o-Vanillin Derived Schiff Bases and Their Organotin(IV) Compounds: Synthesis, Structural Characterisation, In-Silico Studies and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040854. [PMID: 30781445 PMCID: PMC6413231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new organotin(IV) compounds of Schiff bases derived from S-R-dithiocarbazate [R = benzyl (B), 2- or 4-methylbenzyl (2M and 4M, respectively)] condensed with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (oVa) were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic techniques including infrared, UV-vis, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR and mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The organotin(IV) compounds were synthesised from the reaction of Ph2SnCl2 or Me2SnCl2 with the Schiff bases (S2MoVaH/S4MoVaH/SBoVaH) to form a total of six new organotin(IV) compounds that had a general formula of [R2Sn(L)] (where L = Schiff base; R = Ph or Me). The molecular geometries of Me2Sn(S2MoVa), Me2Sn(S4MoVa) and Me2Sn(SBoVa) were established by X-ray crystallography and verified using density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, each experimental structure contained two independent but chemically similar molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The coordination geometry for each molecule was defined by thiolate-sulphur, phenoxide-oxygen and imine-nitrogen atoms derived from a dinegative, tridentate dithiocarbazate ligand with the remaining positions occupied by the methyl-carbon atoms of the organo groups. In each case, the resulting five-coordinate C2NOS geometry was almost exactly intermediate between ideal trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal geometries. The cytotoxic activities of the Schiff bases and organotin(IV) compounds were investigated against EJ-28 and RT-112 (bladder), HT29 (colon), U87 and SJ-G2 (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast) A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), DU145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma) and MIA (pancreatic) cancer cell lines and one normal breast cell line (MCF-10A). Diphenyltin(IV) compounds exhibited greater potency than either the Schiff bases or the respective dimethyltin(IV) compounds. Mechanistic studies on the action of these compounds against bladder cancer cells revealed that they induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bladder cancer cells were apoptotic after 24 h post-treatment with the diphenyltin(IV) compounds. The interactions of the organotin(IV) compounds with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were experimentally explored using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. This study revealed that the organotin(IV) compounds have strong DNA binding affinity, verified via molecular docking simulations, which suggests that these organotin(IV) compounds interact with DNA via groove-binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Nadia Md Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Muhammad A M Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed I M Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah NSW 2298, Australia.
| | - Michela I Simone
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Alister J Page
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Thahira B S A Ravoof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Md Yusof EN, Tiekink ER, Jotani MM, Simone MI, Page AJ, Ravoof TB. Synthesis, characterisation and structure determination of 3-[(1Z)-{2-[bis({[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]sulfanyl})methylidene]hydrazin-1-ylidene}methyl]benzene-1,2-diol. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Lugovik KI, Popova AV, Eltyshev AK, Benassi E, Belskaya NP. Synthesis of Thiazoles Bearing Aryl Enamine/Aza-enamine Side Chains: Effect of the π-Conjugated Spacer Structure and Hydrogen Bonding on Photophysical Properties. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya I. Lugovik
- Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Enrico Benassi
- Scuola Normale Superiore; Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
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14
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Hu JW, Wu YH, Tsai HY, Chen KY. Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of a White-Light-Emitting Molecule. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9010048. [PMID: 28787848 PMCID: PMC5456547 DOI: 10.3390/ma9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new white-light-emitting molecule (1) was synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with a = 12.6814(6), b = 7.0824(4), c = 17.4628(9) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming an infinite chain along [100], generating a C(10) motif. Compound 1 possesses an intramolecular six-membered-ring hydrogen bond, from which excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) takes place from the phenolic proton to the carbonyl oxygen, resulting in a tautomer that is in equilibrium with the normal species, exhibiting a dual emission that covers almost all of the visible spectrum and consequently generates white light. It exhibits one irreversible one-electron oxidation and two irreversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Furthermore, the geometric structures, frontier molecular orbitals (MOs), and the potential energy curves (PECs) for 1 in the ground and the first singlet excited state were fully rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. The results demonstrate that the forward and backward ESIPT may happen on a similar timescale, enabling the excited-state equilibrium to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Wei Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Yang Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Kew-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
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15
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Alam MS, Lee DU. Syntheses, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surfaces, fluorescence properties, and DFT analysis of benzoic acid hydrazone Schiff bases. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:563-574. [PMID: 25804368 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two hydrazone Schiff base analogues, namely, (E)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (3a) and (E)-N'-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (3b), were synthesized using a mild, efficient method and characterized by (1)H NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis of a single crystal of 3a revealed a tetragonal, space group I4(1)/a structure, with an E-configuration around the azomethine (C8N2) double bond. In this structure, the NH and OH groups act as proton donors and the >CO and N groups as proton acceptors, and these facilitate hydrogen bond formation in the crystal state. Plausible intermolecular interactions were studied using 3D Hirshfeld surfaces and related 2D fingerprint plots. The optimized geometry, vibrational frequencies, Mulliken charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and associated energies of the ground state and the first single excited state were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependant DFT calculations using the B3LYP/6-311G method. Vibrational frequencies calculated in the gaseous phase compared with experimental values measured in the solid state and showed good agreement with each other. The chemical reactivities of 3a and 3b were predicted by mapping MEP surface over optimized geometries and comparing these with MEP map generated over crystal structures. Mulliken charge distribution analysis and MEP map of 3a and 3b revealed that N(1), O(1), O(2) and O(3) atoms could act as electron donors and coordinate with metals and that these represented the most suitable sites for electrophilic attack. In fluorescence spectra, the absorption and emission spectra of 3a and 3b were similar in different polar solvents with few exceptions. In addition, both compounds exhibited dual emission spectra in acetone due to keto-enol tautomerism induced by photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sayed Alam
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
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