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van Velthoven MJJ, Gudde AN, van der Kruit M, van Loon MPC, Rasing L, Wagener FADTG, Roovers JP, Guler Z, Kouwer PHJ. An Improved Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A 3D In Vitro Model under Static and Mechanical Loading Conditions. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302905. [PMID: 38219051 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The suboptimal outcomes of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery illustrate the demand for improved therapies. However, their development is hampered by the limited knowledge on the cellular pathophysiology of POP. Current investigations, that are limited to tissues and 2D in vitro models, provide highly inconclusive results on how the extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and fibroblasts are affected in POP. This study uses a physiologically relevant 3D in vitro model to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of POP by determining the differences between POP and non-POP fibroblasts on ECM metabolism, proliferation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast (FMT) transition. This model, based on the synthetic and biomimetic polyisocyanide hydrogel, enables the incorporation of mechanical loading, which simulates the forces exerted on the pelvic floor. Under static conditions, 3D cultured POP fibroblasts are less proliferative, undergo FMT, and exhibit lower collagen and elastin contents compared to non-POP fibroblasts. However, under mechanical loading, the differences between POP and non-POP fibroblasts are less pronounced. This study contributes to the development of more comprehensive models that can accurately mimic the POP pathophysiology, which will aid in an enhanced understanding and may contribute to improved therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J J van Velthoven
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Aksel N Gudde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marit van der Kruit
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Malou P C van Loon
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Lissy Rasing
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul Roovers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Zeliha Guler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H J Kouwer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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Wu H, Zhang L, He L, Lin W, Yu B, Yu X, Lin Y. Roles and mechanisms of biomechanical-biochemical coupling in pelvic organ prolapse. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1303044. [PMID: 38410754 PMCID: PMC10894963 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1303044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant contributor to hysterectomy among middle-aged and elderly women. However, there are challenges in terms of dedicated pharmaceutical solutions and targeted interventions for POP. The primary characteristics of POP include compromised mechanical properties of uterine ligaments and dysfunction within the vaginal support structure, often resulting from delivery-related injuries. Fibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix, which, along with the cytoskeleton, forms the structural foundation that ensures proper biomechanical function of the fascial system. This system is crucial for maintaining the anatomical position of each pelvic floor organ. By systematically exploring the roles and mechanisms of biomechanical-biochemical transformations in POP, we can understand the impact of forces on the injury and repair of these organs. A comprehensive analysis of the literature revealed that the extracellular matrix produced by fibroblasts, as well as their cytoskeleton, undergoes alterations in patient tissues and cellular models of POP. Additionally, various signaling pathways, including TGF-β1/Smad, Gpx1, PI3K/AKT, p38/MAPK, and Nr4a1, are implicated in the biomechanical-biochemical interplay of fibroblasts. This systematic review of the biomechanical-biochemical interplay in fibroblasts in POP not only enhances our understanding of its underlying causes but also establishes a theoretical foundation for future clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyi Lin
- Department of Medical Pathology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang J. Molecular mechanisms of pelvic organ prolapse influenced by FBLN5 via FOSL1/miR-222/MEIS1/COL3A1 axis. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111000. [PMID: 38056607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into the role of FBLN5 in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and its molecular mechanisms, focusing on the FOSL1/miR-222/MEIS1/COL3A1 axis. Gene relationships linked to POP were confirmed using bioinformatics databases like GEO and StarBase. Primary human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts (hUSLF) were extracted and subjected to mechanical stretching. Cellular cytoskeletal changes were examined via phalloidin staining, intracellular ROS levels with a ROS kit, cell apoptosis through flow cytometry, and cell senescence using β-galactosidase staining. FBLN5's downstream targets were identified, and the interaction between FOSL1 and miR-222 and miR-222 and MEIS1 were validated using assays. In rat models, the role of FBLN5 in POP was assessed using bladder pressure tests. Results indicated diminished FBLN5 expression in uterine prolapse. Enhanced FBLN5 countered mechanical damage in hUSLF cells by downregulating FOSL1. FOSL1 augmented miR-222, inhibiting MEIS1, which subsequently fostered COL3A1 transcription. In rat models, the absence of FBLN5 exacerbated POP by influencing the FOSL1/miR-222/MEIS1/COL3A1 pathway. FBLN5's protective role likely involves regulating the above axis and boosting COL3A1 expression. Further research is needed to validate the effectiveness and safety of this mechanism in human patients and to propose potential new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China.
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Zhao Z, Huang G, He Y, Zuo X, Han W, Li H. Estrogen inhibits the differentiation of fibroblasts induced by high stiffness matrix by enhancing DNMT1 expression. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102207. [PMID: 37708582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Pelvic organ prolapse(POP) is a multifactorial connective tissue disorder caused by damage to the supporting structures of the pelvic floor. Evidence from several studies suggests that anterior vaginal wall stiffness is higher in patients with POP, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. METHODS Tissue from the anterior vaginal wall of patients with POP or other benign diseases was obtained. The modulus of elasticity of the anterior vaginal wall was measured using a microindenter. Cells were cultured in vitro on acrylamide gels of different stiffness and treated with DNMT1 inhibitor, microtubule polymerisation inhibitor and estrogen. Western blot or immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect DNA Methyltransferase 1, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression, and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) expression. CONCLUSION Estrogen can inhibit high stiffness matrix-induced fibroblast differentiation, by enhancing DNMT1 expression. This study may help to elucidate the complex crosstalk between fibroblasts and their surrounding matrix under healthy and pathological conditions and provide new insights into the options for material-related therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Guotao Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Wuyue Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Giverso C, Loy N, Lucci G, Preziosi L. Cell orientation under stretch: A review of experimental findings and mathematical modelling. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111564. [PMID: 37391125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The key role of electro-chemical signals in cellular processes had been known for many years, but more recently the interplay with mechanics has been put in evidence and attracted substantial research interests. Indeed, the sensitivity of cells to mechanical stimuli coming from the microenvironment turns out to be relevant in many biological and physiological circumstances. In particular, experimental evidence demonstrated that cells on elastic planar substrates undergoing periodic stretches, mimicking native cyclic strains in the tissue where they reside, actively reorient their cytoskeletal stress fibres. At the end of the realignment process, the cell axis forms a certain angle with the main stretching direction. Due to the importance of a deeper understanding of mechanotransduction, such a phenomenon was studied both from the experimental and the mathematical modelling point of view. The aim of this review is to collect and discuss both the experimental results on cell reorientation and the fundamental features of the mathematical models that have been proposed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giverso
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, 10126, Italy.
| | - Nadia Loy
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, 10126, Italy.
| | - Giulio Lucci
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, 10126, Italy.
| | - Luigi Preziosi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, 10126, Italy.
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Du R, Li D, Huang Y, Xiao H, Xue J, Ji J, Feng Y, Fan Y. Effect of mechanical stretching and substrate stiffness on the morphology, cytoskeleton and nuclear shape of corneal endothelial cells. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Xie T, Guo D, Guo T, Zhu Y, Li F, Zhang S, Lang J, Sun Z. The protective effect of 17 β-estradiol on human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts from postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse. Front Physiol 2022; 13:980843. [PMID: 36299259 PMCID: PMC9589284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.980843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the protective effects of 17 β-estradiol on the human uterosacral ligament fibroblasts (hUSLFs) under static or stretched conditions. The experiments were performed on hUSLFs derived from pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and non-POP patients. Fibroblasts were cultured after collagenase digestion and identified by morphological observation and immunocytochemical methods. 17 β-estradiol (10−10 M and 10−9 M) and mechanical stress induced by the FX-5000 T-cell stress loading system under a loading strain of 1/2 sin waveform uniaxial cyclic stress with a tensile strain of 20% and a frequency of 0.5 Hz were either or both applied on hUSLFs. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8, and cell apoptosis and death were detected using Annexin V/7-AAD staining and flow cytometric analysis. We found that the fibroblasts growth rate of POP patients was significantly lower than controls. The cell apoptosis and death rate increased as the mechanical load intensifying. After 20% mechanical stretching for 24 h, the dead cell rate was higher in POP than control. Notably, 17 β-estradiol treatment reversed mechanical stress induced hUSLFs apoptosis and death in both POP and Control cells. The protein and mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic PARP1 (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) and Bcl-2 were increased by estrogen treatment. Meanwhile, expression of estrogen receptor α, a target of Poly-ADP-Ribosylation of PARP1, was also enhanced by 17 β-estradiol under the mechanical load. In conclusion, estrogen application ameliorates the mechanical strain induced cell apoptosis and death in hUSLFs from POP patients. PARP1 might be involved in this protective process, providing novel insights into the mechanical biology of and possible therapies for POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yapei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijing Sun,
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Yu X, He L, Chen Y, Lin W, Liu H, Yang X, Ye Y, Zheng X, Yang Z, Lin Y. Construction of a focal adhesion signaling pathway-related ceRNA network in pelvic organ prolapse by transcriptome analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:996310. [PMID: 36176289 PMCID: PMC9513229 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects a large proportion of adult women, but the pathogenesis of POP remains unclear. The increase in global population aging will impose a substantial medical burden. Herein, we aimed to explore the related RNAs regulating the occurrence of POP and provide potential therapeutic targets. Method: Tissue biopsies were collected from the anterior vaginal wall of six women with POP and six matched subjects without POP. The profiles of mRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were obtained by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing. Result: The findings revealed that 71 circRNAs, 76 known lncRNAs, 84 miRNAs, and 931 mRNAs were significantly altered (p < 0.05 and |log2FC| > 1). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the focal adhesion signaling pathway. FLT, ITGA9, VEGFD, PPP1R12B, and ROCK2 were identified as focal adhesion signaling pathway-related hub genes by protein–protein interaction network analysis. Based on the relationships between the DEGs and miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA targets, we constructed a focal adhesion signaling pathway-related ceRNA network. The ceRNA network includes hsa_circ_0002190/hsa_circ_0046843/lnc-CARMN -miR-23a-3p - ROCK2 and hsa_circ_0001326/hsa_circ_0007733/lnc-AC107959/lnc-TPM1-AS - miR-205-5p - ROCK2/PPP1R12B/VEGFD. Moreover, abnormalities in the cytoskeleton in fibroblasts from individuals with POP were observed. Conclusion: In this study, a focal adhesion signaling pathway-related ceRNA network was constructed, and this network may serve as a target for finding suitable drugs for the treatment of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyi Lin
- Department of Medical Pathology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Surgical, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Surgical, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Surgical, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Lin, ; Zhenglin Yang,
| | - Yonghong Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Lin, ; Zhenglin Yang,
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Guler Z, Roovers JP. Role of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010094. [PMID: 35053242 PMCID: PMC8773530 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial connective tissue disorder caused by damage to the supportive structures of the pelvic floor, leading to the descent of pelvic organs in the vagina. In women with POP, fibroblast function is disturbed or altered, which causes impaired collagen metabolism that affects the mechanical properties of the tissue. Ideal surgical repair, either native tissue repair or POP surgery using an implant, aims to create a functional pelvic floor that is load-bearing, activating fibroblasts to regulate collagen metabolism without creating fibrotic tissue. Fibroblast function plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of POP by directly affecting the connective tissue quality. On the other hand, fibroblasts determine the success of the POP treatment, as the fibroblast-to-(myo)fibroblast transition is the key event during wound healing and tissue repair. In this review, we aim to resolve the question of “cause and result” for the fibroblasts in the development and treatment of POP. This review may contribute to preventing the development and progress of anatomical abnormalities involved in POP and to optimizing surgical outcomes.
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Gögele C, Hoffmann C, Konrad J, Merkel R, Schwarz S, Tohidnezhad M, Hoffmann B, Schulze-Tanzil GG. Cyclically stretched ACL fibroblasts emigrating from spheroids adapt their cytoskeleton and ligament-related expression profile. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:675-690. [PMID: 33835257 PMCID: PMC8211585 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stress of ligaments varies; hence, ligament fibroblasts must adapt their expression profile to novel mechanomilieus to ensure tissue resilience. Activation of the mechanoreceptors leads to a specific signal transduction, the so-called mechanotransduction. However, with regard to their natural three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment cell reaction to mechanical stimuli during emigrating from a 3D spheroid culture is still unclear. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the reaction profile of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived fibroblasts exposed to cyclic uniaxial strain in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture and during emigration from 3D spheroids with respect to cell survival, cell and cytoskeletal orientation, distribution, and expression profile. Monolayers and spheroids were cultured in crosslinked polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) elastomeric chambers and uniaxially stretched (14% at 0.3 Hz) for 48 h. Cell vitality, their distribution, nuclear shape, stress fiber orientation, focal adhesions, proliferation, expression of ECM components such as sulfated glycosaminoglycans, collagen type I, decorin, tenascin C and cell-cell communication-related gap junctional connexin (CXN) 43, tendon-related markers Mohawk and tenomodulin (myodulin) were analyzed. In contrast to unstretched cells, stretched fibroblasts showed elongation of stress fibers, cell and cytoskeletal alignment perpendicular to strain direction, less rounded cell nuclei, increased numbers of focal adhesions, proliferation, amplified CXN43, and main ECM component expression in both cultures. The applied cyclic stretch protocol evoked an anabolic response and enhanced tendon-related marker expression in ACL-derived fibroblasts emigrating from 3D spheroids and seems also promising to support in future tissue formation in ACL scaffolds seeded in vitro with spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gögele
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg and Salzburg, Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: IBI-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens Konrad
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: IBI-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: IBI-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Silke Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg and Salzburg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing: IBI-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gundula Gesine Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg and Salzburg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Malek S, Köster DV. The Role of Cell Adhesion and Cytoskeleton Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649082. [PMID: 33968931 PMCID: PMC8097055 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 disorders, clinically defined through features of joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Most subtypes are caused by mutations in genes affecting the structure or processing of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen. The Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSDs) are clinically indistinguishable disorders, but are considered to lack a genetic basis. The pathogenesis of all these disorders, however, remains poorly understood. Genotype-phenotype correlations are limited, and findings of aberrant collagen fibrils are inconsistent and associate poorly with the subtype and severity of the disorder. The defective ECM, however, also has consequences for cellular processes. EDS/HSD fibroblasts exhibit a dysfunctional phenotype including impairments in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization, though the pathological significance of this has remained unclear. Recent advances in our understanding of fibroblast mechanobiology suggest these changes may actually reflect features of a pathomechanism we herein define. This review departs from the traditional view of EDS/HSD, where pathogenesis is mediated by the structurally defective ECM. Instead, we propose EDS/HSD may be a disorder of membrane-bound collagen, and consider how aberrations in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics could drive the abnormal properties of the connective tissue, and be responsible for the pathogenesis of EDS/HSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeha Malek
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Darius V Köster
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Fully absorbable poly-4-hydroxybutyrate implants exhibit more favorable cell-matrix interactions than polypropylene. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111702. [PMID: 33545861 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the descent of the pelvic organs due to the loss of supportive tissue strength. This is presumably caused by the decreased fibroblast function and the subsequent change in the quality of the extracellular matrix. The correction of POP using an implant intends to provide mechanical support to the pelvic organs and to stimulate a moderate host response. Synthetic polypropylene (PP) implants were commonly used for the correction of prolapse. Although they were successful in providing support, these implants have been associated with clinical complications in the long term due to substantial foreign body response and inappropriate tissue integration. The complications can be avoided or minimized by engineering a biocompatible and fully absorbable implant with optimized mechanical and structural characteristics that favor more appropriate cellular interactions with the implant. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated implants comprised of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), a fully absorbable material with high mechanical strength, as an alternative to PP. The P4HB implants were knitted in four unique designs with different pore shapes ranging from a more rectangular geometry- as it is in PP implant- to a rounded geometry, to determine the effect of the implant structure on the textural and mechanical properties and subsequent cell-matrix interaction. The cellular response was investigated by seeding primary vaginal fibroblasts isolated from patients with POP. P4HB favored cellular functions more than PP, as indicated by greater cell attachment and proliferation (P < 0.01), and significantly more collagen deposition (P4HB vs PP, 11.19 μg vs 6.67 μg) at 28 days culture (P < 0.05). All P4HB implants had higher strength and lower stiffness than the PP scaffold. The material and the design of the implant also influenced the behavior of vaginal fibroblasts. The aspect ratio of the vaginal POP fibroblasts cultured on the PP implant (1.61 ± 0.75) was significantly (P < 0.005) smaller than those cultured on P4HB implants (average 2.31 ± 0.09). The P4HB structure with rounded pores showed the lowest stiffness and highest fibroblast attachment and proliferation (P < 0.01). Overall, P4HB induces more matrix deposition compared to PP and knit design can further optimize cell behavior.
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Ruiz-Zapata AM, Heinz A, Kerkhof MH, van de Westerlo-van Rijt C, Schmelzer CEH, Stoop R, Kluivers KB, Oosterwijk E. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and Composition Regulate the Myofibroblast Differentiation of Vaginal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134762. [PMID: 32635512 PMCID: PMC7369731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is a key feature of wound-healing in soft tissues, including the vagina. Vaginal fibroblasts maintain the integrity of the vaginal wall tissues, essential to keep pelvic organs in place and avoid pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The micro-environment of vaginal tissues in POP patients is stiffer and has different extracellular matrix (ECM) composition than healthy vaginal tissues. In this study, we employed a series of matrices with known stiffnesses, as well as vaginal ECMs, in combination with vaginal fibroblasts from POP and healthy tissues to investigate how matrix stiffness and composition regulate myofibroblast differentiation in vaginal fibroblasts. Stiffness was positively correlated to production of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Vaginal ECMs induced myofibroblast differentiation as both α-SMA and collagen gene expressions were increased. This differentiation was more pronounced in cells seeded on POP-ECMs that were stiffer than those derived from healthy tissues and had higher collagen and elastin protein content. We showed that stiffness and ECM content regulate vaginal myofibroblast differentiation. We provide preliminary evidence that vaginal fibroblasts might recognize POP-ECMs as scar tissues that need to be remodeled. This is fundamentally important for tissue repair, and provides a rational basis for POP disease modelling and therapeutic innovations in vaginal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M. Ruiz-Zapata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.W.-v.R.); (K.B.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Manon H. Kerkhof
- Curilion, Women’s Health Centre, 2015 BJ Haarlem, The Netherlands;
| | - Cindy van de Westerlo-van Rijt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.W.-v.R.); (K.B.K.)
| | - Christian E. H. Schmelzer
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Reinout Stoop
- TNO Metabolic Health Research, 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Kirsten B. Kluivers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.W.-v.R.); (K.B.K.)
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Zeng W, Li Y, Li B, Liu C, Hong S, Tang J, Hong L. Mechanical Stretching induces the apoptosis of parametrial ligament Fibroblasts via the Actin Cytoskeleton/Nr4a1 signalling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1491-1498. [PMID: 32669951 PMCID: PMC7359389 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical positions of pelvic floor organs are maintained mainly by ligaments and muscles. Long-term excessive mechanical tension stimulation of pelvic floor tissue beyond the endurance of ligaments or muscles will lead to the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). In addition, cytoskeletal reconstitution is a key process by which cells respond to mechanical stimulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of actin cytoskeleton to resist mechanical stretching (MS)-induced apoptosis in parametrial ligament fibroblasts (PLFs) and the underlying mechanisms. MS provided by a four‑point bending device could significantly induce apoptosis of PLFs from non-POP patients, which exhibited an apoptosis rate close to that of PLFs from POP patients, and the apoptosis rate was higher following latrunculin A (Lat-A, a potent inhibitor of actin) treatment. In addition, Nr4a1 and Bax expression was increased while Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression was clearly decreased after treatment with MS and Lat-A. However, the apoptosis induced by MS was reduced when the expression of Nr4a1 was downregulated by siRNA. These outcomes reveal a novel mechanism that links the actin cytoskeleton and apoptosis in PLFs by Nr4a1; this mechanism will provide insight into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects a significant percentage of women and contributes to major healthcare costs both in the United States and worldwide. This review examines the current understanding of the role of sex steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) in POP in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. METHODS We reviewed the relevant studies on POP related to estrogens, androgens, and progesterone in both animal models and humans. RESULTS Estrogen has a profound influence on the synthesis and metabolism of pelvic connective tissues, and may have the ability to both prevent POP and improve prognosis if used therapeutically. There is limited research regarding the role of androgens and progesterone and their receptors in POP and results so far have been contradictory, warranting further study to determine whether changes in androgen and progesterone receptor expression are a cause or effect of POP. CONCLUSIONS Because of the role that estrogen plays in maintaining the integrity of pelvic floor connective tissues, we propose that rigorous and well-controlled studies are needed on the role of exogenous estrogen administration as a form of POP prevention. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A583.
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New insight into glycation levels and pelvic organ prolapse - A combination of clinical and biochemical studies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 231:129-135. [PMID: 30368090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial disease with ageing as a most notable risk factor. Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), biochemical markers of ageing are increased in prolapsed tissues. It is however unclear if AGEs are a cause or outcome of prolapse. By combining analysis of clinically relevant parameters in women with prolapse and POP tissues biochemically, this study aims to bridge the gap between existing clinical and biochemical research on the cause of POP. METHODS Following national and local ethical approval, a case study of 49 POP and 16 control tissues was carried out. The AGEs' marker, pentosidine, was quantified via High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Oestrogen (ER-α) and glyoxalase I (GLO-I) expression of the tissues were studied. Age, obstetric factors and co-morbidities (hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus) were recorded and compared with biochemical findings. RESULTS Lower expressions of ER-α and GLO-I were observed in POP tissues in the comparison to the control, which also had significantly higher pentosidine content. Prolapsed tissue population had more notable age-dependent increase in pentosidine with significant differences between the 6th and 7th decade. Hypertension and smoking, which were more prevalent amongst women with POP, were associated with higher amounts of pentosidine in the vaginal tissues. CONCLUSION In the light of recent research regarding the relationship between POP and glycation, the present study shows that age-related oestrogen decline is a key player in glycation accumulation in prolapsed vaginal tissues and that glycation is a cause rather than an effect of prolapse. Hypertension is a significant POP association which is linked to high glycation level.
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Del Favero G, Woelflingseder L, Janker L, Neuditschko B, Seriani S, Gallina P, Sbaizero O, Gerner C, Marko D. Deoxynivalenol induces structural alterations in epidermoid carcinoma cells A431 and impairs the response to biomechanical stimulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11351. [PMID: 30054545 PMCID: PMC6063857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology together with the capability to respond to surrounding stimuli are key elements governing the spatial interaction of living cells with the environment. In this respect, biomechanical stimulation can trigger significant physiological cascades that can potentially modulate toxicity. Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and it was used to explore the delicate interaction between biomechanical stimulation and cytotoxicity in A431 cells. In fact, in addition of being a food contaminant, DON is a relevant toxin for several organ systems. The combination between biomechanical stimulation and the mycotoxin revealed how DON can impair crucial functions affecting cellular morphology, tubulin and lysosomes at concentrations even below those known to be cytotoxic in routine toxicity studies. Sub-toxic concentrations of DON (0.1-1 μM) impaired the capability of A431 cells to respond to a biomechanical stimulation that normally sustains trophic effects in these cells. Moreover, the effects of DON (0.1-10 μM) were partially modulated by the application of uniaxial stretching (0.5 Hz, 24 h, 15% deformation). Ultimately, proteomic analysis revealed the potential of DON to alter several proteins necessary for cell adhesion and cytoskeletal modulation suggesting a molecular link between biomechanics and the cytotoxic potential of the mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lydia Woelflingseder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Seriani
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Robotik und Mechatronik Zentrum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Paolo Gallina
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Wang S, Lü D, Zhang Z, Jia X, Yang L. Effects of mechanical stretching on the morphology of extracellular polymers and the mRNA expression of collagens and small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in vaginal fibroblasts from women with pelvic organ prolapse. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193456. [PMID: 29630675 PMCID: PMC5890965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of mechanical stretching load and the efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen therapy (ET) on pelvic organ prolapse (POP), vaginal fibroblasts isolated from postmenopausal women with or without POP were subjected to 0.1-Hz uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretching (CS) with 10% elongation and 10-8 M 17-β-estradiol (E2) treatment. We investigated the morphological characteristics of extracellular polymers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and monitored the mRNA expression of type I collagen (COL I) and type III collagen (COL III) as well as the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family members decorin (DCN), biglycan (BGN), fibromodulin (FMO), and lumican (LUM), using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using SEM, certain viscoelastic polymers were found to be randomly distributed among fibroblasts, which for normal fibroblasts formed clusters of plum flower-like patterns under static-culture conditions and resembled stretched strips when stretched in culture, whereas polymers among POP fibroblasts resembled stretched strips under static-cultured conditions and presented broken networks when stretched in culture. RT-PCR revealed that COL I, DCN, BGN, FMO, and LUM mRNA expression was significantly higher in POP than in normal fibroblasts under static-culture condition. Following CS, COL I and BGN mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in normal fibroblasts, and DCN and FMO mRNA expression was down-regulated in POP fibroblasts. Following concomitant CS and E2 treatment, significantly elevated COL I and DCN mRNA expression was observed in normal fibroblasts, and significantly elevated COL I and BGN mRNA expression was observed in POP fibroblasts. COL III mRNA expression was not significantly different between the POP and normal group, and CS did not significantly affect expression in either group, though COL III was down-regulated in normal fibroblasts concomitantly treated with E2 and CS. We conclude that the morphological distribution of extracellular polymers in POP fibroblasts exhibited higher sensitivity and lower tolerance to stretching loads than do normal fibroblasts. These mechanical properties were further reflected in the transcription of COL I. Defects in the compensatory function of BGN for DCN and LUM for FMO exist in POP fibroblasts, which further affect the structure and function of COL I in response to stretching load, ultimately resulting in abnormal reconstruction of pelvic supportive connective tissues and the occurrence of POP. ET can maintain stretching-induced elevations in COL I and DCN transcription in healthy women and improve stretching-induced COL I, DCN, BGN, and FMO transcriptional changes in POP women to prevent and improve POP. Only down-regulated COL III transcription was observed upon concomitant CS and E2 treatment in normal fibroblasts, which suggests that the tensile strength, not the elasticity, of the supportive connective tissues is damaged in POP and that the higher tensile strength induced by ET in healthy fibroblasts prevents POP. These findings confirm the role of higher sensitivity and lower tolerance to mechanical stretching in the pathogenesis of POP and further provide evidence supporting the use of ET to prevent and inhibit POP in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (SW); (XJ)
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (SW); (XJ)
| | - Xingyuan Jia
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (SW); (XJ)
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Giri A, Hartmann KE, Aldrich MC, Ward RM, Wu JM, Park AJ, Graff M, Qi L, Nassir R, Wallace RB, O'Sullivan MJ, North KE, Velez Edwards DR, Edwards TL. Admixture mapping of pelvic organ prolapse in African Americans from the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178839. [PMID: 28582460 PMCID: PMC5459562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests European American (EA) women have two- to five-fold increased odds of having pelvic organ prolapse (POP) when compared with African American (AA) women. However, the role of genetic ancestry in relation to POP risk is not clear. Here we evaluate the association between genetic ancestry and POP in AA women from the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy trial. Women with grade 1 or higher classification, and grade 2 or higher classification for uterine prolapse, cystocele or rectocele at baseline or during follow-up were considered to have any POP (N = 805) and moderate/severe POP (N = 156), respectively. Women with at least two pelvic exams with no indication for POP served as controls (N = 344). We performed case-only, and case-control admixture-mapping analyses using multiple logistic regression while adjusting for age, BMI, parity and global ancestry. We evaluated the association between global ancestry and POP using multiple logistic regression. European ancestry at the individual level was not associated with POP risk. Case-only and case-control local ancestry analyses identified two ancestry-specific loci that may be associated with POP. One locus (Chromosome 15q26.2) achieved empirically-estimated statistical significance and was associated with decreased POP odds (considering grade ≥2 POP) with each unit increase in European ancestry (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.57; p-value = 1.48x10-5). This region includes RGMA, a potent regulator of the BMP family of genes. The second locus (Chromosome 1q42.1-q42.3) was associated with increased POP odds with each unit increase in European ancestry (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28, 2.22; p-value = 1.93x10-4). Although this region did not reach statistical significance after considering multiple comparisons, it includes potentially relevant genes including TBCE, and ACTA1. Unique non-overlapping European and African ancestry-specific susceptibility loci may be associated with increased POP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Giri
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Hartmann
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Renee M. Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lihong Qi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mary J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Digna R. Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jin M, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Mei Y, Liu W, Pan C, Hua X. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing elastin alleviates pelvic floor dysfunction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:51. [PMID: 27048404 PMCID: PMC4822266 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a group of clinical conditions including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The abnormality of collagen and elastin metabolism in pelvic connective tissues is implicated in SUI and POP. Methods To reconstitute the connective tissues with normal distribution of collagen and elastin, we transduced elastin to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Elastin-expressing BMSCs were then differentiated to fibroblasts using bFGF, which produced collagen and elastin. To achieve the sustained release of bFGF, we formulated bFGF in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP). Results In an in vitro cell culture system of 7 days, when no additional bFGF was administrated, the initial PLGA-loaded bFGF NP induced prolonged production of collagen and elastin from elastin-expressing BMSCs. In vivo, co-injection of PLGA-loaded bFGF NP and elastin-expressing BMSCs into the PFD rats significantly improved the outcome of urodynamic tests. Together, these results provided an efficient model of connective tissue engineering using BMSC and injectable PLGA-loaded growth factors. Conclusions Our results provided the first instance of a multidisciplinary approach, combining both stem cell and nanoparticle technologies, for the treatment of PFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfei Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chenhao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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