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Franzo G, Mira F, Schirò G, Canuti M. Not Asian Anymore: Reconstruction of the History, Evolution, and Dispersal of the "Asian" Lineage of CPV-2c. Viruses 2023; 15:1962. [PMID: 37766368 PMCID: PMC10535194 DOI: 10.3390/v15091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability has been one of the hallmarks of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) since its discovery, and several lineages and antigenic variants have emerged. Among these, a group of viruses commonly called Asian CPV-2c has recently been reported with increasing frequency in different regions. Currently, its global epidemiology and evolution are essentially unknown. The present work deals with this information gap by evaluating, via sequence, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic analyses, all the complete coding sequences of strains classified as Asian CPV-2c based on a combination of amino acid markers and phylogenetic analysis. After its estimated origin around 2008, this lineage circulated undetected in Asia until approximately 2012, when an expansion in viral population size and geographical distribution occurred, involving Africa, Europe, and North America. Asia was predicted to be the main nucleus of viral dispersal, leading to multiple introduction events in other continents/countries, where infection establishment, persistence, and rapid evolution occurred. Although the dog is the main host, other non-canine species were also involved, demonstrating the host plasticity of this lineage. Finally, although most of the strains showed an amino acid motif considered characteristic of this lineage, several exceptions were observed, potentially due to convergent evolution or reversion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Padua University, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Faraji R, Mostafavi B, Sadeghi M, Decaro N, Vasinioti V, Desario C, Miraei-Ashtiani SR, Mozhgani SH. Genomic characterization and Phylogenetic evolution of the canine parvoviruses in Iranian dogs, a nationwide study: CPV evolutionary analysis in Iran. Acta Trop 2023:106948. [PMID: 37224989 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine Parvo Virus 2(CPV-2) culminated in lots of fatalities in domestic dogs since its emergence in 1978. Mainly, it is responsible for severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. CPV-2 has three main variants known 2a, 2b, and 2c. Due to the necessity of monitoring the evolutionary parameters of the virus, and also the lack of comprehensive study of CPV2 in Iran, this study is done for the first time in this country not only to characterize Iranian CPV genomes but also to study the evolutionary parameters and phylodynamics of CPV. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. By the use of the Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain (BMCMC) method, evolutionary analysis and phylodynamics of the virus were investigated. Phylogenetic results showed that all Iranian isolates were classified in the CPV-2a variant. The central part of Iran was suggested to be the origin of the virus, especially the Alborz province. Before its prevalence throughout the country, the virus circulated in the central part, in Thran, Karaj, and Qom. Mutational analysis showed a positive selection pressure of CPV-2a. Investigating the evolutionary parameters of the virus proposed 1970 to be the date of birth of the virus, with a 95% credible interval between 1953 and 1987. The effective number of infections increased dramatically from 2012 to 2015, then faced a slightly decreasing trend from 2015 to 2019. A considerable up warding pattern was witnessed from the middle of 2019, which can be taken as a concern about the risk of vaccination failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Faraji
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behnam Mostafavi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | | | | | - Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.; Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran..
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de Oliveira Santana W, Silveira VP, Wolf JM, Kipper D, Echeverrigaray S, Canal CW, Truyen U, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Molecular phylogenetic assessment of the canine parvovirus 2 worldwide and analysis of the genetic diversity and temporal spreading in Brazil. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105225. [PMID: 35101636 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a relevant pathogen for dogs and causes a severe disease in carnivore species. CPV-2 reached pandemic proportions after the 1970s with the worldwide dissemination, generating antigenic and genetic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) with different pathobiology in comparison with the original type CPV-2. The present study aimed to assess the current global CPV-2 molecular phylogeny and to analyze genetic diversity and temporal spreading of variants from Brazil. A total of 284 CPV-2 whole-genome sequences (WGS) and 684 VP2 complete genes (including 23 obtained in the present study) were compared to analyze phylogenetic relationships. Bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and the population dynamics of the different CPV-2 lineages in the last decades. The WGS phylogenetic tree demonstrated two main clades disseminated worldwide today. The VP2 gene tree showed a total of four well-defined clades distributed in different geographic regions, including one with CPV-2 sequences exclusive from Brazil. These clades do not have a relationship with the previous classification into CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, despite some having a predominance of one or more antigenic types. Temporal analysis demonstrated that the main CPV-2 clades evolved within a few years (from the 1980s to 1990s) in North America and they spread worldwide afterwards. Population dynamics analysis demonstrated that CPV-2 presented a major dissemination increase at the end of the 1980s / beginning of the 1990s followed by a period of stability and a second minor increase from 2000 to 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslei de Oliveira Santana
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Proença Silveira
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jonas Michel Wolf
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diéssy Kipper
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Echeverrigaray
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institut für Tierhygiene und Öffentliches Veterinärwesen, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Takano T, Hamaguchi S, Hasegawa N, Doki T, Soma T. Predominance of canine parvovirus 2b in Japan: an epidemiological study during 2014-2019. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3151-3156. [PMID: 34387749 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is an important pathogen of domestic dogs and wild canids. In Japan, CPV-2 infection is one of the most common infectious diseases of dogs. We analyzed samples collected between 2014 and 2019 to identify antigenic variants of CPV-2 in dogs in Japan. Our results demonstrated that the CPV-2b variant was predominant. The CPV-2c variant was not found among our samples. Our findings demonstrate that the distribution of CPV-2 antigenic variants in Japan was more similar to that in Australia than to that in neighboring countries in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Shun Hamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Doki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takehisa Soma
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Marupi Lifetech Co., Ltd, Fushio-cho, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-0011, Japan
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Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082387. [PMID: 34438844 PMCID: PMC8388783 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a relevant pathogen, mainly affecting unvaccinated puppies, causing severe and fatal disease. CPV is classified into three variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c), which are widely distributed worldwide. These variants may be mutated at specific sites relevant to the immune response against CPV in dogs, and thus previously characterized vaccines may not be effective against new mutants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform a molecular characterization of CPV variants. For this purpose, blood samples from canine patients in central Chile were used. The results of this study showed that the circulating variants were mainly CPV-2c followed by CPV-2b. In addition, genetic mutations were found in regions important for the immune response against CPV, which possibly has implications for the protective immunity generated by available vaccines. Abstract Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major pathogen in canines, with a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies. CPV is traditionally classified into three antigenic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) based on the amino acid sequence of the VP2 protein. Currently, various mutations are described in the receptor-binding area or in the regions of greatest antigenicity of the VP2 protein, giving rise to new viral variants that are capable of immunological escape, affecting the protective immunity of traditional vaccines. In the present study, a molecular characterization of the VP2 gene was performed, which included phylogenetic analysis, amino acid characterization and determination of selection pressures. Blood samples were initially collected from canine patients with clinical signs of gastrointestinal infection, of which 69 were positive for CPV as measured by means of PCR and 18 samples were selected for the amplification of the complete VP2 gene. The analysis revealed a higher rate of CPV-2c-positive patients compared to CPV-2b. Furthermore, the amino acid characterization of VP2 indicated mutations in the regions of highest antigenicity previously described in the literature (CPV-2b: 297 and 324; CPV-2c: 440), as well as others not previously documented (CPV-2b: 514; CPV-2c: 188, 322, 379, 427 and 463). Our analysis of selection pressure showed that the VP2 gene is under negative selection. However, positive selection point sites were identified, both in CPV-2c (324, 426 and 440) and CPV-2b (297 and 324), at sites that have been associated with evasion of the immune response via antigenic drift, which possibly has implications for the protective immunity generated by traditional vaccines.
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Chang AM, Chen CC. Molecular Characteristics of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 with High Sequence Similarity between Wild and Domestic Carnivores in Taiwan. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060671. [PMID: 34072499 PMCID: PMC8229444 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is a DNA virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. Domestic dogs and cats are considered the primary CPPV-1 reservoirs. The habitat overlap of wild carnivores and free-roaming dogs increases the threat of CPPV-1 transmission between them. This study explored the CPPV-1 distribution among wild carnivores in Taiwan through PCR screening and compared the partial capsid protein (VP2) gene sequences from wild and domestic carnivores. In total, 181 samples were collected from 32 masked palm civets (Paguma larvata), 63 Chinese ferret badgers (Melogale moschata), and 86 crab-eating mongooses (Herpestes urva), from 2015 to 2019 were screened for CPPV-1. The average prevalence of CPPV-1 was 17.7% (32/181), with the highest prevalence in masked palm civets (37.5%). In addition, a masked palm civet was coinfected with two CPPV-1 strains. Among the 33 partial VP2 gene sequences, 23 were identical to the sequences amplified from domestic dogs and cats in Asia, and the remaining 10 were identified for the first time. This study supported the circulation of CPPV-1 strains with the same genomic features as domestic carnivores that are also in wild carnivores from the same environment in Taiwan by molecular data. Therefore, further population control and health management of free-roaming domestic carnivores are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Chang
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chen
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-87703202 (ext. 6596)
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Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019. PATHOGENS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pathogens10050588. [PMID: 34064982 PMCID: PMC8150379 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.
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Tamukai K, Minami S, Kadekaru S, Mitsui I, Maeda K, Une Y. New canine parvovirus 2a infection in an imported Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:507-511. [PMID: 33473050 PMCID: PMC8025432 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-import from the Republic of Indonesia to Japan in 2017, two juvenile, captive bred Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis, and died. One of them was examined postmortem. Microscopically, the small intestinal mucosa was necrotic with crypts lined by regenerating large epithelial cells. A gastric cardiac mucosal ulcerative lesion containing fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae morphologically indicated Candida spp. The lymph nodes exhibited marked lymphoid depletion. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was isolated from an oral swab, and virus protein 2 (VP2) gene sequencing revealed new CPV-2a. To our knowledge, this is the first new CPV-2a infection report in Asian small-clawed otters. This infection should be considered in gastrointestinal symptom-related cases in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tamukai
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, 2-1-3 Denenchofu, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0071, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Sho Kadekaru
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ikki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yumi Une
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Genetic Characterisation and Local Genotypes of Canine Parvovirus Strains Collected from Pet Dogs in Central and Eastern China During 2018-2019. J Vet Res 2020; 64:477-486. [PMID: 33367135 PMCID: PMC7734690 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) causes acute infectious diseases in puppies, which show high morbidity and mortality. Better effect of vaccination against these diseases could be achieved with deeper knowledge of CPV-2 genotype dissemination and mutation history. This study investigated CPV-2–positive samples collected recently over a wide region of China. Material and Methods A total of 118 faecal samples from dogs identified as CPV-positive were collected from veterinary clinics in central and eastern China. Overall, 16 strains collected from Anhui, 29 from Henan, and 16 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced to determine the genotypic composition of CPV-2 and mutational complexity of CPV-VP2. Results The CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c genotypes were detected in Anhui and Henan Provinces, while CPV-2c alone was detected in Zhejiang Province. Sequence analysis of all strains showed 98.5%–99.8%, 98.3%–99.9%, and 98.7%–99.8% identity among the 16 Anhui, 29 Henan, and 16 Zhejiang strains, respectively. Strains collected from Anhui and Henan Provinces showed lower identity (97.0%), suggesting greater genetic divergence in central China. The mutation rates of Henan and Anhui strains were lower than that of Zhejiang strains. Major amino acid mutations occurred at sites 5, 370, 426, and 440. Epitope and entropy analyses implied these sites’ likely conformance to the principles of mutation tendency, complexity, and diversity. Conclusion The findings for the evolutionary structure of CPV-2 strains collected from three provinces in central and eastern China advance trend monitoring of the genetic variation in canine parvovirus and point to its implications in the development of novel vaccines.
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Hoang M, Wu CN, Lin CF, Nguyen HTT, Le VP, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Genetic characterization of feline panleukopenia virus from dogs in Vietnam reveals a unique Thr101 mutation in VP2. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9752. [PMID: 33083102 PMCID: PMC7560322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are known as the main causes of several serious diseases and have a severe impact on puppies and kittens, respectively. FPV and new CPV-2 variants are all able to infect cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. However, FPV only replicates efficiently in feline cells in vitro and replicates in dogs in the thymus and bone marrow without being shed in feces. In our previous study, the genotypes of six parvoviral isolates were unable to be identified using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. Methods In the present study, we characterized previously unidentified FPV-like viruses isolated from dogs in Vietnam. The six isolates were utilized to complete VP2 gene sequencing and to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Results Sequence analysis of the six parvoviral strains identified the species as being similar to FPV. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the complete VP2 genes of the strains are similar to those of FPV. The FPV-like strains contain a Thr101 mutation in the VP2 protein, which is different from prototype FPV strains. Discussion Our data provide evidence for the existence of changes in the charge, protein contact potential and molecular surface of the core of the receptor-binding size with an Ile101 to Thr101 mutation. This is also the first study to provide reliable evidence that FPV may be a threat to the Vietnamese dog population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Huong Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Hao X, He Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Liu R, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9869. [PMID: 33062416 PMCID: PMC7531355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10−4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant. Methods In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined. Results A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuwei He
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Diagnostic Challenges in Canine Parvovirus 2c in Vaccine Failure Cases. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090980. [PMID: 32899378 PMCID: PMC7552027 DOI: 10.3390/v12090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, three different diagnostic tests for parvovirus were compared with vaccination status and parvovirus genotype in suspected canine parvovirus cases. Faecal samples from vaccinated (N17) and unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status (N41) dogs that had clinical signs of parvovirus infection were tested using three different assays of antigen tests, conventional and quantitative PCR tests. The genotype of each sample was determined by sequencing. In addition to the suspected parvovirus samples, 21 faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs were tested in three diagnostic tests to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. The antigen test was positive in 41.2% of vaccinated dogs and 73.2% of unvaccinated diseased dogs. Conventional PCR and qPCR were positive for canine parvovirus (CPV) in 82.4% of vaccinated dogs and 92.7% of unvaccinated dogs. CPV type-2c (CPV-2c) was detected in 82.75% of dogs (12 vaccinated and 36 unvaccinated dogs), CPV-2b was detected in 5.17% dogs (one vaccinated and two unvaccinated) and CPV-2a in 1.72% vaccinated dog. Mean Ct values in qPCR for vaccinated dogs were higher than the unvaccinated dogs (p = 0.049), suggesting that vaccinated dogs shed less virus, even in clinical forms of CPV. CPV-2c was the dominant subtype infecting dogs in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Faecal antigen testing failed to identify a substantial proportion of CPV-2c infected dogs, likely due to low sensitivity. The faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs (n = 21) showed negative results in all three tests. Negative CPV faecal antigen results should be viewed with caution until they are confirmed by molecular methods.
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13
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Kwan E, Carrai M, Lanave G, Hill J, Parry K, Kelman M, Meers J, Decaro N, Beatty JA, Martella V, Barrs VR. Analysis of canine parvoviruses circulating in Australia reveals predominance of variant 2b and identifies feline parvovirus-like mutations in the capsid proteins. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:656-666. [PMID: 32657506 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major enteric pathogen of dogs worldwide that emerged in the late 1970s from a feline parvovirus (FPV)-like ancestral virus. Shortly after its emergence, variant CPVs acquired amino acid (aa) mutations in key capsid residues, associated with biological and/or antigenic changes. This study aimed to identify and analyse CPV variants and their capsid mutations amongst Australian dogs, to gain insights into the evolution of CPV in Australia and to investigate relationships between the disease and vaccination status of dogs from which viruses were detected. CPV VP2 sequences were amplified from 79 faecal samples collected from dogs with parvoviral enteritis at 20 veterinary practices in five Australian states. The median age at diagnosis was 4 months (range 1-96 months). Only 3.7% of dogs with vaccination histories had completed recommended vaccination schedules, while 49% were incompletely vaccinated and 47.2% were unvaccinated. For the first time, CPV-2b has emerged as the dominant antigenic CPV variant circulating in dogs with parvoviral enteritis in Australia, comprising 54.4% of viruses, while CPV-2a and CPV-2 comprised 43.1% and 2.5%, respectively. The antigenic variant CPV-2c was not identified. Analysis of translated VP2 sequences revealed a vast repertoire of amino acid (aa) mutations. Several Australian CPV strains displayed signatures in the VP2 protein typical of Asian CPVs, suggesting possible introduction of CPV strains from Asia, and/or CPV circulation between Asia and Australia. Canine parvoviruses were identified containing aa residues typical of FPV at key capsid (VP2) positions, representing reverse mutations or residual mutations retained from CPV-2 during adaptation from an FPV-like ancestor, suggesting that evolutionary intermediates between CPV-2 and FPV are circulating in the field. Similarly, intermediates between CPV-2a-like viruses and CPV-2 were also identified. These findings help inform a better understanding of the evolution of CPV in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kwan
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maura Carrai
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | | | | | - Mark Kelman
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Meers
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Moon BY, Jang J, Kim SH, Kim YH, Lee HK, So B, Park CK, Lee KK. Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c from domestic dogs in Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1645-1653. [PMID: 32009300 PMCID: PMC7228216 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is an aetiological agent that causes acute haemorrhagic enteritis and fatal myocarditis in dogs. Since CPV‐2 first emerged in the late 1970s, its rapid evolution has resulted in three antigenic variants: CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c. Here, we report, for the first time in Korea, two cases of CPV‐2c infection in two dogs with severe diarrhoea. The complete open reading frame (4,269nt) of CPV‐2, encoding both non‐structural (NS) and structural (VP) proteins, was sequenced. Based on the amino acid Gln present at residue 426 of the VP2 gene, these strains were typed as CPV‐2c, and were named Korea CPV‐2c_1 and Korea CPV‐2c_2. These strains shared 99.48% reciprocal nucleotide sequence identity and had the highest nucleotide identity (99.77%–99.34%) with Asian CPV strains isolated in China, Italy (found in a dog imported from Thailand), and Vietnam from 2013 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis based on the non‐structural (NS1) and capsid (VP2) genes revealed that Korean CPV‐2c strains clustered closely to Asian CPV strains, and separately from strains isolated in Europe, South America and North America. Amino acid changes never reported before were observed in NS1 (Thr70Pro, Cys287Tyr), VP1 (Lys17Arg, Phe33Leu) and VP2 (Gln365His, Ala516Val). Additional observed mutations, including Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile and Gln370Arg, have been previously reported in the recent CPV‐2c strains with Asian origins. These results suggest that the Korean CPV‐2c strains were potentially introduced via neighbouring Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Youn Moon
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiung Jang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - ByungJae So
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Inthong N, Kaewmongkol S, Meekhanon N, Sirinarumitr K, Sirinarumitr T. Dynamic evolution of canine parvovirus in Thailand. Vet World 2020; 13:245-255. [PMID: 32255965 PMCID: PMC7096304 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.245-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: According to the previous study, the circulating canine parvovirus (CPV) in Thailand is 2a and 2b. Nowadays, CPV mutants, including CPV-2c, have been identified in many parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the circulating CPV in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five CPV-positive fecal samples were obtained from dogs with either acute hemorrhagic diarrhea or diarrhea. The complete VP2 gene of these samples was amplified using VP2 specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained full-length VP2 sequences were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results: Sixty and 25 CPV-positive fecal samples were collected in 2010 and 2018, respectively. Thirty-four samples were new CPV-2a and 31 samples were new CPV-2b due to amino acids substitution at position 297 (Ser-Ala). In 2018, 5 new CPV-2a, 19 CPV-2c, and 1 feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) were found, but no new CPV-2b was detected. Moreover, most of the CPV in this study had amino acids mutations at positions 324 and 440. The phylogenetic construction demonstrated the close relationship between the current new CPV-2a with the previous CPV-2a reported from Thailand, China, Uruguay, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. Interestingly, the current new CPV-2b in this study was not closely related to the previous CPV-2b reported in Thailand. The CPV-2c in this study was closer to Asian CPV-2c and further from either European or South America CPV-2c. Interestingly, FPV was identified in a diarrhea dog. Conclusion: The evolution of CPV in Thailand is very dynamic. Thus, it is important to monitor for CPV mutants and especially the clinical signs relating to these mutants to conduct surveillance for the emergence of new highly pathogenic CPV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inthong
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - S Kaewmongkol
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - N Meekhanon
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - K Sirinarumitr
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - T Sirinarumitr
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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16
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Xin W, Liu Y, Yang Y, Sun T, Niu L, Ge J. Detection, genetic, and codon usage bias analyses of the VP2 gene of mink bocavirus. Virus Genes 2020; 56:306-315. [PMID: 32020392 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mink bocavirus 1 (MiBoV1), a novel virus detected from the feces of domestic minks in China in 2016, may be related to gastrointestinal diseases. However, its prevalence and genetic characteristics are poorly described. In this study, we examined 192 samples collected from minks in the major mink industry province from northern China. PCR results showed that 10 samples (5.2%) were positive for MiBoV1, and 60% of MiBoV1-positive samples were co-infected with Aleutian mink disease virus or mink circovirus. MiBoV1 was detected in six serum samples. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the VP2 gene of MiBoV1 was highly conserved and had low viral diversity over the VP2 region and unique nucleotide mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 sequence demonstrated that MiBoV1 strains formed two clades and were grouped with California sea lion bocavirus, Canine bocavirus, and Feline bocavirus. Codon usage analysis revealed that most of the preferentially used codons in MiBoV1 were A- or U-ended codons, and no evident codon usage bias was found. This study provides evidence that MiBoV1 has a low prevalence in Jilin and Hebei provinces in China. Moreover, it contributes information regarding the expansion of the limited mink bocavirus sequence and determines the codon usage bias of the VP2 gene for the first time. Epidemiological surveillance is necessary to understand the importance and evolution of MiBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lingdi Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, China.
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17
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Wang SL, Tu YC, Lee MS, Wu LH, Chen TY, Wu CH, Tsao EHS, Chin SC, Li WT. Fatal canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in a rescued free-ranging Taiwanese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1074-1081. [PMID: 31886933 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes feline parvovirus (FPV), variants of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), mink enteritis virus, and raccoon parvovirus, important pathogens affecting both wild and domestic carnivores. In this report, we described a fatal CPV-2 infection in a rescued Taiwanese pangolin, which provides the first evidence of CPV-2 infection in a non-carnivore. Post-rescue, the Taiwanese pangolin died from complications resulting from a severe panleucocytopenia and bloody diarrhoea. A full autopsy was performed and microscopic examination of the tissues revealed ulcerative, necrotizing, and haemorrhagic glossitis, esophagitis and enteritis. The results of transmission electronic microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization provided confirmatory evidence that the lesions in the tongue, oesophagus and intestine were associated with a protoparvovirus. Phylogenetic comparison of the whole VP2 gene from the current pangolin protoparvovirus strain showed close clustering with the CPV-2c strains from domestic dogs in Taiwan, China and Singapore. The amino acid sequence of the pangolin protoparvovirus showed 100% identity to the CPV-2c strains from domestic dogs in China, Italy, and Singapore. The current findings highlight that pangolins are susceptible to protoparvoviruses. The potential of cross-species transmission of protoparvoviruses between Carnivora and Pholidota should be considered when housing pangolins in close proximity to carnivores and adopting strict biosecurity measures to avoid cross-species transmission in rescue facilities and zoos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang-Chang Tu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuh Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chieh-Hao Wu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Temuujin U, Tserendorj A, Fujiki J, Sakoda Y, Tseren-Ochir EO, Okamatsu M, Matsuno K, Sharav T, Horiuchi M, Umemura T, Chultemdorj T. The first isolation and identification of canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2c variants during 2016-2018 genetic surveillance of dogs in Mongolia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:269-275. [PMID: 31078727 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes a highly contagious and fatal disease, developing into acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis, in dogs. CPV-2 has evolved, generating antigenic variants CPV-2a/2b/2c that are globally distributed. However, investigating molecular characterization of CPV-2 among dog populations in Mongolia has been limited. Herein, 42 stool samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of infection, and conventional PCR assays were employed to detect CPV-2 in 23. Our results indicated that during 2016-2018, the new CPV-2a and 2c subtypes were detected in 34.7% of the samples, and the new CPV-2b subtype was detected in 30.4% of samples. VP2 protein sequence analysis and next-generation sequencing of the complete viral genome confirmed these antigenic types. However, sequence analysis indicated new and unreported mutations, Pro580Thr, and Tyr584His in the CPV-2c subtype. From a PCR-positive sample, CPV-2c was successfully isolated, and we performed an immunofluorescence assay for antigen detection. Additionally, we performed genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis to investigate genetic diversity among isolates from the region, resulting in high CPV-2 genetic diversity in the Mongolian dog population. Striking similarities were also observed between sequences of the strains isolated from Mongolia and China over a similar time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyangaa Temuujin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia.
| | - Ariunaa Tserendorj
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- JICA Expert in School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Mongolia
| | - Tungalag Chultemdorj
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia.
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19
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Hoang M, Lin WH, Le VP, Nga BTT, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Vietnam from November 2016 to February 2018. Virol J 2019; 16:52. [PMID: 31029137 PMCID: PMC6486976 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s; it causes intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. Since its emergence, CPV-2 has been replaced with new genetic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). Currently, information about the genotype prevalence of CPV-2 in Vietnam is limited. In the present study, we investigated the genotype prevalence and distribution of CPV-2 in the three regions of Vietnam. METHODS Rectal swabs were collected from 260 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection from northern, central, and southern Vietnam from November 2016 to February 2018. All samples were identified as parvovirus positive by real-time PCR, and further genotyping was performed using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. RESULTS Of the 260 Vietnamese CPV-2 isolates, 6 isolates (2.31%) were identified as CPV-2a, 251 isolates (96.54%) were identified as CPV-2c and 3 isolates (1.15%) were untypable using the SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. In northern Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 2.97% (3/101) and 97.3% (98/101), respectively. In central Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 1.11% (1/90) and 98.89% (89/90), respectively. In southern Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 3.03% (2/66) and 96.97% (64/66), respectively. CPV-2b was not observed in this study. The VP2 genes of CPV-2c in Vietnam are more genetically similar to those of CPV-2c strains in China and Taiwan than to those of prototype CPV-2c strains (FJ222821) or the first Vietnamese CPV-2c (AB120727). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that CPV-2c is the most prevalent variant in Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the recent Vietnamese CPV-2c isolates share a common evolutionary origin with Asian CPV-2c strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Hao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi To Nga
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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20
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Hoang M, Wu HY, Lien YX, Chiou MT, Lin CN. A SimpleProbe ® real-time PCR assay for differentiating the canine parvovirus type 2 genotype. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22654. [PMID: 30168193 PMCID: PMC6430354 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) causes an important canine viral disease worldwide. CPV‐2 belongs to the Protoparvovirus genus in the family Parvoviridae. An amino acid change at position 426 of the VP2 protein differentiate types of CPV‐2, designated as CPV‐2a (Asn), CPV‐2b (Asp), and CPV‐2c (Glu). In this study, we compared CPV‐2 genotyping results obtained by SimpleProbe® real‐time PCR and DNA sequencing analysis to identify the accuracy and sensitivity of these methods. Methods One hundred rectal swabs were collected from CPV‐2 naturally infected dogs from 2015 to 2017 at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. CPV‐2 genotyping was performed by SimpleProbe® real‐time PCR and DNA sequencing to compare results. Results CPV‐2a (n = 23), 2b (n = 6) and 2c (n = 71) genotyping results obtained by both techniques were identical with specificity of 100% for SimpleProbe® assay. In the SimpleProbe® assay, amplifying the DNAs prepared from the clinical specimens showed three distinct melting curve peaks. CPV‐2b had the highest melting peak of 57.8°C (CI 95%: 57.7‐58.5°C) followed by CPV‐2c with a slightly lower melting peak of 52.3°C (CI 95%: 52.2‐53.2°C) and CPV‐2a with the lowest peak of 50.2°C (CI 95%: 50.1‐50.5°C). Conclusion This study developed a novel method for genotyping CPV‐2 strains using the SimpleProbe® real‐time PCR assay. This assay is a reliable and sensitive tool for differentiating between the CPV‐2a, 2b and 2c and this technique can be used for molecular CPV‐2 epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Xiu Lien
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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