1
|
Poretsky E, Cagirici HB, Andorf CM, Sen TZ. Harnessing the predicted maize pan-interactome for putative gene function prediction and prioritization of candidate genes for important traits. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae059. [PMID: 38492232 PMCID: PMC11075552 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent assembly and annotation of the 26 maize nested association mapping population founder inbreds have enabled large-scale pan-genomic comparative studies. These studies have expanded our understanding of agronomically important traits by integrating pan-transcriptomic data with trait-specific gene candidates from previous association mapping results. In contrast to the availability of pan-transcriptomic data, obtaining reliable protein-protein interaction (PPI) data has remained a challenge due to its high cost and complexity. We generated predicted PPI networks for each of the 26 genomes using the established STRING database. The individual genome-interactomes were then integrated to generate core- and pan-interactomes. We deployed the PPI clustering algorithm ClusterONE to identify numerous PPI clusters that were functionally annotated using gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment, demonstrating a diverse range of enriched GO terms across different clusters. Additional cluster annotations were generated by integrating gene coexpression data and gene description annotations, providing additional useful information. We show that the functionally annotated PPI clusters establish a useful framework for protein function prediction and prioritization of candidate genes of interest. Our study not only provides a comprehensive resource of predicted PPI networks for 26 maize genomes but also offers annotated interactome clusters for predicting protein functions and prioritizing gene candidates. The source code for the Python implementation of the analysis workflow and a standalone web application for accessing the analysis results are available at https://github.com/eporetsky/PanPPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elly Poretsky
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Halise Busra Cagirici
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Carson M Andorf
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Taner Z Sen
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 306 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen Y, Hu P, Fang Y, Tan Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Wang J, Wu K, Chai B, Zhu L, Zhang G, Gao Z, Ren D, Zeng D, Shen L, Dong G, Zhang Q, Li Q, Xiong G, Xue D, Qian Q, Hu J. GW9 determines grain size and floral organ identity in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:915-928. [PMID: 37983630 PMCID: PMC10955487 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is an important determinant of grain yield. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms for grain size remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we identify a rice mutant grain weight 9 (gw9), which exhibits larger and heavier grains due to excessive cell proliferation and expansion in spikelet hull. GW9 encodes a nucleus-localized protein containing both C2H2 zinc finger (C2H2-ZnF) and VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SUZ12 (VEFS) domains, serving as a negative regulator of grain size and weight. Interestingly, the non-frameshift mutations in C2H2-ZnF domain result in increased plant height and larger grain size, whereas frameshift mutations in both C2H2-ZnF and VEFS domains lead to dwarf and malformed spikelet. These observations indicated the dual functions of GW9 in regulating grain size and floral organ identity through the C2H2-ZnF and VEFS domains, respectively. Further investigation revealed the interaction between GW9 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein GW2, with GW9 being the target of ubiquitination by GW2. Genetic analyses suggest that GW9 and GW2 function in a coordinated pathway controlling grain size and weight. Our findings provide a novel insight into the functional role of GW9 in the regulation of grain size and weight, offering potential molecular strategies for improving rice yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Yunxia Fang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yiqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- Plant Phenomics Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Junge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Kaixiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Bingze Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Plant Phenomics Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nikraftar S, Ebrahimzadegan R, Majdi M, Mirzaghaderi G. Genome-wide analysis of the C2H2-ZFP gene family in Stevia rebaudiana reveals involvement in abiotic stress response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6164. [PMID: 38486071 PMCID: PMC10940304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a natural sweetener plant that accumulates highly sweet steviol glycosides (SGs) especially in leaves. Stevia is native to humid areas and does not have a high tolerance to drought which is the most serious abiotic stress restricting its production worldwide. C2H2 zinc finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) are a group of well-known transcription factors that involves in various developmental, physiological and biochemical activities as well as in response to abiotic stresses. Here we analyzed C2H2-ZFP gene family in stevia and identified a total of 185 putative SrC2H2-ZF proteins from the genome sequence of S. rebaudiana. We further characterized the identified C2H2-ZF domains and their organization, additional domains and motifs and analyzed their physicochemical properties, localization and gene expression patterns. The cis-element analysis suggested multiple roles of SrC2H2-ZFPs in response to light, phytohormone, and abiotic stresses. In silico analysis revealed that the stevia C2H2-ZFP genes are interactively expressed in different tissues and developmental stages and some C2H2-ZFP genes are involved in response to drought stress. This study provides a background for future exploration of the functional, and regulatory aspects of the C2H2-ZFP gene family in S. rebaudiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Nikraftar
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Rahman Ebrahimzadegan
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majdi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghader Mirzaghaderi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duan SF, Zhao Y, Yu JC, Xiang GS, Xiao L, Cui R, Hu QQ, Baldwin TC, Lu YC, Liang YL. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor gene family and screening of candidate genes involved in floral development in Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae). Front Genet 2024; 15:1349673. [PMID: 38317660 PMCID: PMC10839097 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1349673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: C2H2-zinc finger transcription factors comprise one of the largest and most diverse gene superfamilies and are involved in the transcriptional regulation of flowering. Although a large number of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) have been well characterized in a number of model plant species, little is known about their expression and function in Coptis teeta. C. teeta displays two floral phenotypes (herkogamy phenotypes). It has been proposed that the C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor family may play a crucial role in the formation of floral development and herkogamy observed in C. teeta. As such, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the C2H2-ZFP gene family in C. teeta. Results: The complexity and diversity of C. teeta C2H2 zinc finger proteins were established by evaluation of their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron structure, and conserved motifs. Chromosome localization showed that 95 members of the C2H2 zinc-finger genes were unevenly distributed across the nine chromosomes of C. teeta, and that these genes were replicated in tandem and segmentally and had undergone purifying selection. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements revealed a possible involvement of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins in the regulation of phytohormones. Transcriptome data was then used to compare the expression levels of these genes during the growth and development of the two floral phenotypes (F-type and M-type). These data demonstrate that in groups A and B, the expression levels of 23 genes were higher in F-type flowers, while 15 genes showed higher expressions in M-type flowers. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that the relative expression was highly consistent with the transcriptome data. Conclusion: These data provide a solid basis for further in-depth studies of the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene family in this species and provide preliminary information on which to base further research into the role of the C2H2 ZFPs gene family in floral development in C. teeta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Feng Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji-Chen Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Hu
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Timothy Charles Baldwin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ying-Chun Lu
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Education and Vocational Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uba CU, Oselebe HO, Tesfaye AA, Abtew WG. Association mapping in bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] reveals loci associated with agro-morphological traits. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:593. [PMID: 37803263 PMCID: PMC10557193 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are important for the acceleration of crop improvement through knowledge of marker-trait association (MTA). This report used DArT SNP markers to successfully perform GWAS on agro-morphological traits using 270 bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] landraces sourced from diverse origins. The study aimed to identify marker traits association for nine agronomic traits using GWAS and their candidate genes. The experiment was conducted at two different locations laid out in alpha lattice design. The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] reference genome (i.e. legume genome most closely related to bambara groundnut) assisted in the identification of candidate genes. RESULTS The analyses showed that linkage disequilibrium was found to decay rapidly with an average genetic distance of 148 kb. The broadsense heritability was relatively high and ranged from 48.39% (terminal leaf length) to 79.39% (number of pods per plant). The GWAS identified a total of 27 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for the nine studied traits explaining 5.27% to 24.86% of phenotypic variations. Among studied traits, the highest number of MTAs was obtained from seed coat colour (6) followed by days to flowering (5), while the least is days to maturity (1), explaining 5.76% to 11.03%, 14.5% to 19.49%, and 11.66% phenotypic variations, respectively. Also, a total of 17 candidate genes were identified, varying in number for different traits; seed coat colour (6), days to flowering (3), terminal leaf length (2), terminal leaf width (2), number of seed per pod (2), pod width (1) and days to maturity (1). CONCLUSION These results revealed the prospect of GWAS in identification of SNP variations associated with agronomic traits in bambara groundnut. Also, its present new opportunity to explore GWAS and marker assisted strategies in breeding of bambara groundnut for acceleration of the crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles U Uba
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Abush A Tesfaye
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wosene G Abtew
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li M, Dong X, Long G, Zhang Z, Han C, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of Q-Type C2H2 ZFP Genes in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Sugar Beet. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1309. [PMID: 37887019 PMCID: PMC10604892 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A plant's Q-type C2H2-type ZFP plays key roles in plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important crop for sugar production. Salt stress and viral infection significantly reduce the root yield and sugar content of sugar beet. However, there is a lack of comprehensive genome-wide analyses of Q-type C2H2 ZFPs and their expression patterns in sugar beet under stress. In this study, 35 sugar beet Q-type C2H2 ZFPs (BvZFPs) containing at least one conserved "QALGGH" motif were identified via bioinformatics techniques using TBtools software. According to their evolutionary relationship, the BvZFPs were classified into five subclasses. Within each subclass, the physicochemical properties and motif compositions showed strong similarities. A Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the BvZFPs were conserved during evolution. Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that most BvZFPs are associated with elements related to phytohormone, biotic or abiotic stress, and plant development. The expression data showed that the BvZFPs in sugar beet are predominantly expressed in the root. In addition, BvZFPs are involved in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including salt stress and viral infection. Overall, these results will extend our understanding of the Q-type C2H2 gene family and provide valuable information for the biological breeding of sugar beet against abiotic and biotic stresses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.L.); (X.D.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jun SE, Shim JS, Park HJ. Beyond NPK: Mineral Nutrient-Mediated Modulation in Orchestrating Flowering Time. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3299. [PMID: 37765463 PMCID: PMC10535918 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time in plants is a complex process regulated by environmental conditions such as photoperiod and temperature, as well as nutrient conditions. While the impact of major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering time has been well recognized, the significance of micronutrient imbalances and their deficiencies should not be neglected because they affect the floral transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. The secondary major nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur participate in various aspects of flowering. Micronutrients such as boron, zinc, iron, and copper play crucial roles in enzymatic reactions and hormone biosynthesis, affecting flower development and reproduction as well. The current review comprehensively explores the interplay between microelements and flowering time, and summarizes the underlying mechanism in plants. Consequently, a better understanding of the interplay between microelements and flowering time will provide clues to reveal the roles of microelements in regulating flowering time and to improve crop reproduction in plant industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Sun Shim
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Selva C, Yang X, Shirley NJ, Whitford R, Baumann U, Tucker MR. HvSL1 and HvMADS16 promote stamen identity to restrict multiple ovary formation in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5039-5056. [PMID: 37279531 PMCID: PMC10498024 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Correct floral development is the result of a sophisticated balance of molecular cues. Floral mutants provide insight into the main genetic determinants that integrate these cues, as well as providing opportunities to assess functional variation across species. In this study, we characterize the barley (Hordeum vulgare) multiovary mutants mov2.g and mov1, and propose causative gene sequences: a C2H2 zinc-finger gene HvSL1 and a B-class gene HvMADS16, respectively. In the absence of HvSL1, florets lack stamens but exhibit functional supernumerary carpels, resulting in multiple grains per floret. Deletion of HvMADS16 in mov1 causes homeotic conversion of lodicules and stamens into bract-like organs and carpels that contain non-functional ovules. Based on developmental, genetic, and molecular data, we propose a model by which stamen specification in barley is defined by HvSL1 acting upstream of HvMADS16. The present work identifies strong conservation of stamen formation pathways with other cereals, but also reveals intriguing species-specific differences. The findings lay the foundation for a better understanding of floral architecture in Triticeae, a key target for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Selva
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu Z, Zeng X, Shi X, Ma J, Liu X, Li Q. Transcription and Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Three Discolorations in a Day of Hibiscus mutabilis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1115. [PMID: 37626999 PMCID: PMC10452391 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used combined transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyze the H. mutabilis cultivar's genetic and physiological mechanisms during three flower color transition periods (from white to pink, then from pink to red) within the span of one day. As a result, 186 genes were found to be significantly increased with the deepening of the H. mutabilis flower color; these genes were mainly involved in the expression of peroxidase 30, zinc finger protein, phosphate transporter PHO1, etc. In contrast, 298 genes were significantly downregulated with the deepening of H. mutabilis flower color, including those involved in the expression of probable O-methyltransferase 3, copper binding protein 9, and heat stress transcription factor A-6b. Some genes showed differential expression strategies as the flower color gradually darkened. We further detected 19 metabolites that gradually increased with the deepening of the H. mutabilis flower color, including L-isoleucine, palmitic acid, L-methionine, and (+)-7-isonitrobenzene. The content of the metabolite hexadecanedioate decreased with the deepening of the H. mutabilis flower color. Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that the metabolic pathways, including those related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and sulfur metabolism, appear to be closely related to H. mutabilis flower color transition. This study served as the first report on the genetic and physiological mechanisms of short-term H. mutabilis flower color transition and will promote the molecular breeding of ornamental cultivars of H. mutabilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshun Zhu
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xinmei Zeng
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiao Ma
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Chengdu Botanical Garden (Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute), Chengdu 610083, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang RZ, Luo C, Liu Y, Hu WL, Guo YH, Yu HX, Lu TT, Chen SQ, Zhang XJ, He XH. Overexpression of two CONSTANS-like 2 (MiCOL2) genes from mango delays flowering and enhances tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111541. [PMID: 36417961 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The CO/COL gene family plays an important role in regulating photoperiod-dependent flowering time in plants. In this study, two COL2 gene homologs, MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B, were isolated from 'SiJiMi' mango, and their expression patterns and functions were characterized. The MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B genes both belonged to the group Ⅰ of CO/COL gene family. MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B exhibited distinct circadian rhythms and were highly expressed in leaves during the flowering induction period. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B are localized in the nucleus. The overexpression of MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B significantly delayed flowering time in Arabidopsis under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions. The MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B overexpression Arabidopsis plants exhibited more tolerance to slat and drought stress after abiotic stress treatments, with greater ROS scavenging capacity and protective enzyme activity, less cell damage and death and higher expression of stress response genes than wild type plants. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis showed that MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B interacted with several stress-related proteins, including zinc finger protein 4 (MiZFP4), MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (MiMIEL1) and RING zinc finger protein 34 (MiRZFP34). The results indicate that MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B are not only involved in flowering time but also play a positive role in abiotic stress responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Cong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wan-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Hang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shu-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pecetti L, Annicchiarico P, Crosta M, Notario T, Ferrari B, Nazzicari N. White Lupin Drought Tolerance: Genetic Variation, Trait Genetic Architecture, and Genome-Enabled Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032351. [PMID: 36768674 PMCID: PMC9916572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
White lupin is a high-protein crop requiring drought tolerance improvement. This study focused on a genetically-broad population of 138 lines to investigate the phenotypic variation and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) for grain yield and other traits across drought-prone and moisture-favourable managed environments, the trait genetic architecture and relevant genomic regions by a GWAS using 9828 mapped SNP markers, and the predictive ability of genomic selection (GS) models. Water treatments across two late cropping months implied max. available soil water content of 60-80% for favourable conditions and from wilting point to 15% for severe drought. Line yield responses across environments featured a genetic correlation of 0.84. Relatively better line yield under drought was associated with an increased harvest index. Two significant QTLs emerged for yield in each condition that differed across conditions. Line yield under stress displayed an inverse linear relationship with the onset of flowering, confirmed genomically by a common major QTL. An adjusted grain yield computed as deviation from phenology-predicted yield acted as an indicator of intrinsic drought tolerance. On the whole, the yield in both conditions and the adjusted yield were polygenic, heritable, and exploitable by GS with a high predictive ability (0.62-0.78). Our results can support selection for climatically different drought-prone regions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Moulick D, Bhutia KL, Sarkar S, Roy A, Mishra UN, Pramanick B, Maitra S, Shankar T, Hazra S, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Barek V, Hossain A. The intertwining of Zn-finger motifs and abiotic stress tolerance in plants: Current status and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1083960. [PMID: 36684752 PMCID: PMC9846276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity, and low temperature can adversely modulate the field crop's ability by altering the morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of the plants. It is estimated that about 50% + of the productivity of several crops is limited due to various types of abiotic stresses either presence alone or in combination (s). However, there are two ways plants can survive against these abiotic stresses; a) through management practices and b) through adaptive mechanisms to tolerate plants. These adaptive mechanisms of tolerant plants are mostly linked to their signalling transduction pathway, triggering the action of plant transcription factors and controlling the expression of various stress-regulated genes. In recent times, several studies found that Zn-finger motifs have a significant function during abiotic stress response in plants. In the first report, a wide range of Zn-binding motifs has been recognized and termed Zn-fingers. Since the zinc finger motifs regulate the function of stress-responsive genes. The Zn-finger was first reported as a repeated Zn-binding motif, comprising conserved cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) ligands, in Xenopus laevis oocytes as a transcription factor (TF) IIIA (or TFIIIA). In the proteins where Zn2+ is mainly attached to amino acid residues and thus espousing a tetrahedral coordination geometry. The physical nature of Zn-proteins, defining the attraction of Zn-proteins for Zn2+, is crucial for having an in-depth knowledge of how a Zn2+ facilitates their characteristic function and how proteins control its mobility (intra and intercellular) as well as cellular availability. The current review summarized the concept, importance and mechanisms of Zn-finger motifs during abiotic stress response in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Karma Landup Bhutia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Molecular Breeding, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management (IRDM), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management (IRDM), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Udit Nandan Mishra
- Department of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Pramanick
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, PUSA, Samastipur, Bihar, India
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, United States
| | - Sagar Maitra
- Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Tanmoy Shankar
- Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Swati Hazra
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Viliam Barek
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Analysis of the C2H2 Gene Family in Maize ( Zea mays L.) under Cold Stress: Identification and Expression. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010122. [PMID: 36676071 PMCID: PMC9863836 DOI: 10.3390/life13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The C2H2 zinc finger protein is one of the most common zinc finger proteins, widely exists in eukaryotes, and plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in salt, low-temperature, and drought stress and other abiotic stress responses. In this study, C2H2 members were identified and analyzed from the low-temperature tolerant transcriptome sequencing data of maize seedlings. The chromosome position, physical and chemical properties, evolution analysis, gene structure, conservative motifs, promoter cis elements and collinearity relationships of gene the family members were analyzed using bioinformatics, and the expression of the ZmC2H2 gene family under cold stress was analyzed by fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that 150 members of the C2H2 zinc finger protein family were identified, and their protein lengths ranged from 102 to 1223 bp. The maximum molecular weight of the ZmC2H2s was 135,196.34, and the minimum was 10,823.86. The isoelectric point of the ZmC2H2s was between 33.21 and 94.1, and the aliphatic index was 42.07-87.62. The promoter cis element analysis showed that the ZmC2H2 family contains many light-response elements, plant hormone-response elements, and stress-response elements. The analysis of the transcriptome data showed that most of the ZmC2H2 genes responded to cold stress, and most of the ZmC2H2 genes were highly expressed in cold-tolerant materials and lowly expressed in cold-sensitive materials. The real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that ZmC2H2-69, ZmC2H2-130, and ZmC2H2-76 were significantly upregulated, and that ZmC2H2-149, ZmC2H2-33, and ZmC2H2-38 were significantly downregulated. It is hypothesized that these genes, which function in different metabolic pathways, may play a key role in the maize cold response. These genes could be further studied as candidate genes. This study provides a theoretical reference for further study on the function analysis of the maize C2H2 gene family.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao G, Xie S, Zong S, Wang T, Mao C, Shi J, Li J. Mutation of TL1, encoding a novel C 2H 2 zinc finger protein, improves grains eating and cooking quality in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3531-3543. [PMID: 35994056 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cloning and characterization of a novel C2H2 zinc finger protein that affects rice eating and cooking quality by regulating amylose content and amylopectin chain-length distribution in rice. One of the major objectives in rice breeding aims to increase simultaneously yield and grain quality especially eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Controlling amylose content (AC) and amylopectin chain-length distribution (ACLD) in rice is a major strategy for improving rice ECQ. Previous studies show that some starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) are required for normal AC and ACLD, but its underlying regulating network is still unclear. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel C2H2 zinc finger protein TL1 (Translucent endosperm 1) that positively regulates amylose synthesis in rice grains. Loss of TL1 function reduced apparent amylose content (AAC), total starch, gel consistency, and gelatinisation temperature, whereas increased viscosity, total lipid, and ratio of amylopectin A chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 6-12 to B1 chains with DP 13-24, resulting in an enhanced grain ECQ. The improved ECQ was accompanied by altered expression patterns of several tested SSRGs in tl1 mutant grains. Furthermore, knockout of TL1 in the high-yielding rice variety JiaHua NO.1 reduced AAC without obvious side effects on major agronomic traits. These findings expand our understanding of the regulating networks of grain starch metabolism and provide new insights into how rice ECQ quality can be improved via genetic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Shuifeng Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shipeng Zong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianyue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abiri N, Sinjushin A, Tekdal D, Cetiner S. Evaluation of the Possible Contribution of Various Regulatory Genes to Determination of Carpel Number as a Potential Mechanism for Optimal Agricultural Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179723. [PMID: 36077121 PMCID: PMC9456115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various regulatory genes encoding transcription factors and miRNAs regulate carpel number. Multicarpelly is normally associated with increased size of the floral meristem, and several genetic factors have been discovered that influence this characteristic. A fundamental understanding of the regulatory genes affecting carpel number can facilitate strategies for agricultural yield improvement, which is crucial, given that the global population is growing rapidly. A multicarpellate plant may provide a significantly higher yield than a plant bearing fewer carpels. Higher yields can be achieved via various means; in this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the various regulatory factors that contribute to multicarpelly and the potential of increasing carpel number to achieve an increased yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Abiri
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-5457874622
| | - Andrey Sinjushin
- Department of Genetics, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dilek Tekdal
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selim Cetiner
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Puentes-Romero AC, González SA, González-Villanueva E, Figueroa CR, Ruiz-Lara S. AtZAT4, a C 2H 2-Type Zinc Finger Transcription Factor from Arabidopsis thaliana, Is Involved in Pollen and Seed Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11151974. [PMID: 35956451 PMCID: PMC9370812 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pollen plays an essential role in plant fertility by delivering the male gametes to the embryo sac before double fertilization. In several plant species, including Arabidopsis, C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factors (TFs) have been involved in different stages of pollen development and maturation. ZINC FINGER of Arabidopsis thaliana 4 (AtZAT4) is homologous to such TFs and subcellular localization analysis has revealed that AtZAT4 is located in the nucleus. Moreover, analysis of AtZAT4 expression revealed strong levels of it in flowers and siliques, suggesting a role of the encoded protein in the regulation of genes that are associated with reproductive development. We characterized a T-DNA insertional heterozygous mutant Atzat4 (+/−). The relative gene expression analysis of Atzat4 (+/−) showed significant transcript reductions in flowers and siliques. Furthermore, the Atzat4 (+/−) phenotypic characterization revealed defects in the male germline, showing a reduction in pollen tube germination and elongation. Atzat4 (+/−) presented reduced fertility, characterized by a smaller silique size compared to the wild type (WT), and a lower number of seeds per silique. Additionally, seeds displayed lower viability and germination. Altogether, our data suggest a role for AtZAT4 in fertilization and seed viability, through the regulation of gene expression associated with reproductive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Carolina Puentes-Romero
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.C.P.-R.); (S.A.G.); (E.G.-V.)
- Millenium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile;
| | - Sebastián A. González
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.C.P.-R.); (S.A.G.); (E.G.-V.)
| | - Enrique González-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.C.P.-R.); (S.A.G.); (E.G.-V.)
| | - Carlos R. Figueroa
- Millenium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile;
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.C.P.-R.); (S.A.G.); (E.G.-V.)
- Millenium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8340755, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Lyu X, Pan Z, Wang Q, Mu W, Benny U, Rollins JA, Pan H. The C2H2 Transcription Factor SsZFH1 Regulates the Size, Number, and Development of Apothecia in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1476-1485. [PMID: 35021860 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0378-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious phytopathogenic Ascomycota fungus with a host range of >600 plant species worldwide. This homothallic Leotiomycetes species reproduces sexually through a multicellular apothecium that produces and releases ascospores. These ascospores serve as the primary inoculum source for disease initiation in the majority of S. sclerotiorum disease cycles. The regulation of apothecium development for this pathogen and other apothecium-producing fungi remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a C2H2 transcription factor, SsZFH1 (zinc finger homologous protein), is necessary for the proper development and maturation of sclerotia and apothecia in S. sclerotiorum and is required for the normal growth rate of hyphae. Furthermore, ΔSszfh1 strains exhibit decreased H2O2 accumulation in hyphae, increased melanin deposition, and enhanced tolerance to H2O2 in the process of vegetative growth and sclerotia formation. Infection assays on common bean leaves, with thin cuticles, and soybean and tomato leaves, with thick cuticles, suggest that the deletion of Sszfh1 slows the mycelial growth rate, which in turn affects the expansion of leaf lesions. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into a major fungal factor mediating maturation of apothecia with additional effects on hyphae and sclerotia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xingming Lyu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zequn Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenhui Mu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ulla Benny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey A Rollins
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Isolation and Functional Characterization of a LEAFY Gene in Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073974. [PMID: 35409334 PMCID: PMC9000169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LEAFY (LFY) plays an important role in the flowering process of plants, controlling flowering time and mediating floral meristem differentiation. Owing to its considerable importance, the mango LFY gene (MiLFY; GenBank accession no. HQ585988) was isolated, and its expression pattern and function were characterized in the present study. The cDNA sequence of MiLFY was 1152 bp, and it encoded a 383 amino acid protein. MiLFY was expressed in all tested tissues and was highly expressed in flowers and buds. Temporal expression analysis showed that MiLFY expression was correlated with floral development stage, and two relative expression peaks were detected in the early stages of floral transition and floral organ differentiation. Moreover, 35S::GFP-MiLFY fusion protein was shown to be localized to the nucleus of cells. Overexpression of MiLFY in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering and the conversion of lateral meristems into terminal flowers. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited obvious morphological changes, such as differences in cauline leaf shape, and the number of lateral branches. When driven by the MiLFY promoter, GFP was highly expressed in leaves, floral organs, stems, and roots, during the flowering period. Exogenous gibberellin (GA3) treatment downregulated MiLFY promoter expression, but paclobutrazol (PPP333) upregulated it. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that the MiLFY protein can interact with zinc-finger protein 4 (ZFP4) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (MiSOC1D). Taken together, these results indicate that MiLFY plays a pivotal role in controlling mango flowering, and that it is regulated by gibberellin and paclobutrazol.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Khan AR, Gan Y. C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins Response to Abiotic Stress in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052730. [PMID: 35269875 PMCID: PMC8911255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have already exhibited the negative effects on crop growth and development, thereby influencing crop quality and yield. Therefore, plants have developed regulatory mechanisms to adopt against such harsh changing environmental conditions. Recent studies have shown that zinc finger protein transcription factors play a crucial role in plant growth and development as well as in stress response. C2H2 zinc finger proteins are one of the best-studied types and have been shown to play diverse roles in the plant abiotic stress responses. However, the C2H2 zinc finger network in plants is complex and needs to be further studied in abiotic stress responses. Here in this review, we mainly focus on recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms, summarize the structural and functional characterization of C2H2 zinc finger proteins, and discuss the C2H2 zinc finger proteins involved in the different signal pathways in plant responses to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li F, Wu Q, Liao B, Yu K, Huo Y, Meng L, Wang S, Wang B, Du M, Tian X, Li Z. Thidiazuron Promotes Leaf Abscission by Regulating the Crosstalk Complexities between Ethylene, Auxin, and Cytokinin in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052696. [PMID: 35269837 PMCID: PMC8910847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thidiazuron (TDZ) is widely used as a defoliant to induce leaf abscission in cotton. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to reveal the dynamic transcriptome profiling and the change of endogenous phytohormones upon TDZ treatment in leaf, petiole, and abscission zone (AZ). We found that TDZ induced the gene expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signal, and promoted ethylene accumulation earlier in leaf than that in AZ. While TDZ down-regulated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis genes mainly in leaf and IAA signal and transport genes. Furthermore, the IAA content reduced more sharply in the leaf than that in AZ to change the auxin gradient for abscission. TDZ suppressed CTK biosynthesis genes and induced CTK metabolic genes to reduce the IPA accumulation for the reduction of ethylene sensitivity. Furthermore, TDZ regulated the gene expression of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signal and induced ABA accumulation between 12-48 h, which could up-regulate ABA response factor genes and inhibit IAA transporter genes. Our data suggest that TDZ orchestrates metabolism and signal of ethylene, auxin, and cytokinin, and also the transport of auxin in leaf, petiole, and AZ, to control leaf abscission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qian Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Baopeng Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Keke Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yini Huo
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lu Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
- High Latitude Crops Institute, Shanxi Agriculture University, Datong 037008, China
| | - Songman Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Baomin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingwei Du
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-3049
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaohu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (X.T.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Genetic and Hormonal Inducers of Continuous Flowering in Orchids: An Emerging View. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040657. [PMID: 35203310 PMCID: PMC8870070 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids are the flowers of magnetic beauty. Vivid and attractive flowers with magnificent shapes make them the king of the floriculture industry. However, the long-awaited flowering is a drawback to their market success, and therefore, flowering time regulation is the key to studies about orchid flower development. Although there are some rare orchids with a continuous flowering pattern, the molecular regulatory mechanisms are yet to be elucidated to find applicable solutions to other orchid species. Multiple regulatory pathways, such as photoperiod, vernalization, circadian clock, temperature and hormonal pathways are thought to signalize flower timing using a group of floral integrators. This mini review, thus, organizes the current knowledge of floral time regulators to suggest future perspectives on the continuous flowering mechanism that may help to plan functional studies to induce flowering revolution in precious orchid species.
Collapse
|
22
|
Han G, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Guo J, Chen M, Wang B. Advances in the Regulation of Epidermal Cell Development by C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754512. [PMID: 34630497 PMCID: PMC8497795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant epidermal cells, such as trichomes, root hairs, salt glands, and stomata, play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and environmental adaptation of terrestrial plants. Cell fate determination, differentiation, and the formation of epidermal structures represent basic developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence indicates that C2H2 zinc finger proteins play important roles in regulating the development of epidermal structures in plants and plant adaptation to unfavorable environments. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in controlling epidermal cell formation in plants, with an emphasis on trichomes, root hairs, and salt glands and their roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of homologous C2H2 zinc finger proteins in trichome development in non-halophytes and salt gland development in halophytes based on bioinformatic analysis. This review provides a foundation for further study of epidermal cell development and abiotic stress responses in plants.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Jiang J, Li J, Xu X, Yang H. Transcriptome Analysis of Flower Development and Mining of Genes Related to Flowering Time in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158128. [PMID: 34360893 PMCID: PMC8347202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a morphogenetic process in which angiosperms shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Flowering time has a strong influence on fruit growth, which is closely related to productivity. Therefore, research on crop flowering time is particularly important. To better understand the flowering period of the tomato, we performed transcriptome sequencing of early flower buds and flowers during the extension period in the later-flowering “Moneymaker” material and the earlier-flowering “20965” homozygous inbred line, and we analyzed the obtained data. At least 43.92 million clean reads were obtained from 12 datasets, and the similarity with the tomato internal reference genome was 92.86–94.57%. Based on gene expression and background annotations, 49 candidate genes related to flowering time and flower development were initially screened, among which the greatest number belong to the photoperiod pathway. According to the expression pattern of candidate genes, the cause of early flowering of “20965” is predicted. The modes of action of the differentially expressed genes were classified, and the results show that they are closely related to hormone regulation and participated in a variety of life activities in crops. The candidate genes we screened and the analysis of their expression patterns provide a basis for future functional verification, helping to explore the molecular mechanism of tomato flowering time more comprehensively.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma R, Mahanty B, Mishra R, Joshi RK. Genome wide identification and expression analysis of pepper C 2H 2 zinc finger transcription factors in response to anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:118. [PMID: 33747699 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, the C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) family of plant transcription factors have been implicated in multiple biological processes, they are yet to be characterized in the economically important chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum). In this study, a total of 79 C2H2 ZF genes were identified in the pepper genome. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the pepper C2H2 ZF (CaZF) members into five subfamilies each with unique conserved domains and functions. Genomic organization revealed that CaZF genes have variable number of introns consistent with the characteristics defined by the evolutionary analysis. Segmental duplication-based purifying selection contributed to the expansion of CaZF genes in pepper. Additionally, 11 CaZF genes were identified as targets for 38 miRNAs indicating their role in post-transcriptional silencing-mediated genetic regulation. Gene expression analysis revealed that 18 CaZF genes were differentially expressed post-infection with the anthrocnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum, uncovering their potential function in pepper response to biotic stresses. Moreover, CaZFs were significantly induced post-treatment with methyl jasmonate and ethylene indicating their role in defense signaling. Notably, the MeJA responsive cis-elements were detected in the promoter regions of majority of CaZF genes, suggesting that CaZFs may be implicated in defense-responsive signal cross talking. Additionally, 18 CaZF genes were differentially expressed under drought and heat treatment, indicating their involvement in plant response to abiotic stresses. Overall, a comprehensive analysis of CaZF gene family in pepper provided significant insights into the understanding of C2H2 ZF-mediated stress regulation network, which would benefit the genetic improvement of pepper and other allied plants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02601-x.
Collapse
|
25
|
Arrey-Salas O, Caris-Maldonado JC, Hernández-Rojas B, Gonzalez E. Comprehensive Genome-Wide Exploration of C2H2 Zinc Finger Family in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.): Insights into the Roles in the Pollen Development Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:302. [PMID: 33672655 PMCID: PMC7924211 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Some C2H2 zinc-finger proteins (ZFP) transcription factors are involved in the development of pollen in plants. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), it has been suggested that abnormalities in pollen development lead to the phenomenon called parthenocarpy that occurs in some varieties of this cultivar. At present, a network involving several transcription factors types has been revealed and key roles have been assigned to members of the C2H2 zinc-finger proteins (ZFP) family in model plants. However, particularities of the regulatory mechanisms controlling pollen formation in grapevine remain unknown. In order to gain insight into the participation of ZFPs in grapevine gametophyte development, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of genes encoding ZFP (VviZFP family). A total of 98 genes were identified and renamed based on the gene distribution into grapevine genome. The analysis performed indicate significant changes throughout VviZFP genes evolution explained by high heterogeneity in sequence, length, number of ZF and presence of another conserved domains. Moreover, segmental duplication participated in the gene family expansion in grapevine. The VviZFPs were classified based on domain and phylogenetic analysis into three sets and different groups. Heat-map demonstrated differential and tissue-specific expression patterns of these genes and k-means clustering allowed to identify a group of putative orthologs to some ZFPs related to pollen development. In transgenic plants carrying the promVviZFP13::GUS and promVviZFP68::GUS constructs, GUS signals were detectable in the anther and mature pollen grains. Expression profiling of selected VviZFP genes showed differential expression pattern during flower development and provides a basis for deepening in the understanding of VviZFPs role on grapevine reproductive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arrey-Salas
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| | | | - Bairon Hernández-Rojas
- Ph.D Program in Sciences Mention in Modeling of Chemical and Biological Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Calle 1 Poniente, 1141, 3462227 Talca, Chile;
| | - Enrique Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang J, Guan P, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xing J, Hu J. The VvSUPERMAN-like Gene Is Differentially Expressed between Bicarpellate and Tricarpellate Florets of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. 'Xiangfei' and Its Heterologous Expression Reduces Carpel Number in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1760-1774. [PMID: 32761091 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicarpellate fruits are larger and produce more seeds than mono- or bicarpellate fruits, enhancing the reproductive capacity of the plant. To identify the phenotypic and molecular differences among florets of different carpel types, we studied carpel formation and fusion in the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar 'Xiangfei', which produces a high proportion of multicarpellate fruit. We also determined the function of VvSUPERMAN-like (VvSUP-like) and explored its relationship with VvWUS (VvWUSCHEL) and VvAG1 (VvAGAMOUS), which is related to the formation of carpel primordia. We showed that carpel formation and fusion were largely consistent between bicarpellate and tricarpellate ovaries, which both involve congenital fusion; rather, the differences between these ovary types arose from variation in carpel primordia number and location. Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing VvSUP-like produced significantly fewer carpels and other floral organs than the wild type. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing results indicate that VvSUP-like was more highly expressed in bicarpellate than in tricarpellate 'Xiangfei' florets. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that VvSUP-like inhibits the expression of VvAG1 and VvWUS by directly binding to their promoters, and VvWUS promotes VvAG1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. VvSUP-like inhibits the feedback signaling between VvWUS and VvAG1. Together, these results suggest that VvSUP-like negatively regulates the number of carpels that develop by inhibiting VvAG1 and VvWUS expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han G, Lu C, Guo J, Qiao Z, Sui N, Qiu N, Wang B. C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins: Master Regulators of Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:115. [PMID: 32153617 PMCID: PMC7044346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity are major environmental factors that limit crop yields. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress resistance is crucial for improving crop performance and increasing productivity under adverse environmental conditions. Zinc finger proteins, comprising one of the largest transcription factor families, are known for their finger-like structure and their ability to bind Zn2+. Zinc finger proteins are categorized into nine subfamilies based on their conserved Cys and His motifs, including the Cys2/His2-type (C2H2), C3H, C3HC4, C2HC5, C4HC3, C2HC, C4, C6, and C8 subfamilies. Over the past two decades, much progress has been made in understanding the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in plant growth, development, and stress signal transduction. In this review, we focus on recent progress in elucidating the structures, functions, and classifications of plant C2H2 zinc finger proteins and their roles in abiotic stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqi Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Nianwei Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lyu T, Liu W, Hu Z, Xiang X, Liu T, Xiong X, Cao J. Molecular characterization and expression analysis reveal the roles of Cys 2/His 2 zinc-finger transcription factors during flower development of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:123-141. [PMID: 31776846 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conserved motif, gene structure, expression and interaction analysis of C2H2-ZFPs in Brassica rapa, and identified types of genes may play essential roles in flower development, and BrZFP38 was proved to function in flower development by affecting pollen formation. Flower development plays a central role in determining the reproduction of higher plants, and Cys2/His2 zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) widely participate in the transcriptional regulation of flower development. C2H2-ZFPs with various structures are the most widespread DNA-binding transcription factors in plants. In this study, conserved protein motif and gene structures were analyzed to investigate systematically the molecular features of Brassica rapa C2H2-ZFP genes. Expression of B. rapa C2H2-ZFPs in multiple tissues showed that more than half of the family members with different types ZFs were expressed in flowers. The specific expression profiles of these C2H2-ZFPs in different B. rapa floral bud stages were further evaluated to identify their potential roles in flower development. Interaction networks were constructed in B. rapa based on the orthology of flower-related C2H2-ZFP genes in Arabidopsis. The putative cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of these C2H2-ZFP genes were thoroughly analyzed to elucidate their transcriptional regulation. Results showed that the orthologs of known-function flower-related C2H2-ZFP genes were conserved and differentiated in B. rapa. A C2H2-ZFP was proved to function in B. rapa flower development. Our study provides a systematic investigation of the molecular characteristics and expression profiles of C2H2-ZFPs in B. rapa and promotes further work in function and transcriptional regulation of flower development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lyu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weimiao Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xun Xiang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingpeng Xiong
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu X, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Xu L, Li N, Zhang X, Pan Y. Genome-wide identification of C2H2 zinc-finger genes and their expression patterns under heat stress in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7929. [PMID: 31788352 PMCID: PMC6882421 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C2H2 zinc finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) transcription factor family regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes in response to various developmental processes or abiotic stresses; however, these proteins have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this study, a total of 104 C2H2-ZFs were identified in an uneven distribution across the entire tomato genome, and include seven segmental duplication events. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, these genes were clustered into nine distinct categories analogous to those in Arabidopsis thaliana. High similarities were found between the exon–intron structures and conserved motifs of the genes within each group. Correspondingly, the expression patterns of the C2H2-ZF genes indicated that they function in different tissues and at different developmental stages. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated that the expression levels of 34 selected C2H2-ZFs are changed dramatically among the roots, stems, and leaves at different time points of a heat stress treatment, suggesting that the C2H2-ZFPs are extensively involved in the heat stress response but have potentially varying roles. These results form the basis for the further molecular and functional analysis of the C2H2-ZFPs, especially for those members that significantly varied under heat treatment, which may be targeted to improve the heat tolerance of tomato and other Solanaceae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Functional analysis of SlNCED1 in pistil development and fruit set in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:16943. [PMID: 31729411 PMCID: PMC6858371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of many plant developmental processes, although its regulation in the pistil during anthesis is unclear. We investigated the role of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SlNCED1), a key ABA biosynthesis enzyme, through overexpression and transcriptome analysis in the tomato pistil. During pistil development, ABA accumulates and SlNCED1 expression increases continually, peaking one day before full bloom, when the maximum amount of ethylene is released in the pistil. ABA accumulation and SlNCED1 expression in the ovary remained high for three days before and after full bloom, but then both declined rapidly four days after full bloom following senescence and petal abscission and expansion of the young fruits. Overexpression of SlNCED1 significantly increased ABA levels and also up-regulated SlPP2C5 expression, which reduced ABA signaling activity. Overexpression of SlNCED1 caused up-regulation of pistil-specific Zinc finger transcription factor genes SlC3H29, SlC3H66, and SlC3HC4, which may have affected the expression of SlNCED1-mediated pistil development-related genes, causing major changes in ovary development. Increased ABA levels are due to SlNCED1 overexpresson which caused a hormonal imbalance resulting in the growth of parthenocarpic fruit. Our results indicate that SlNCED1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of ovary/pistil development and fruit set.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li XJ, Yang JL, Hao B, Lu YC, Qian ZL, Li Y, Ye S, Tang JR, Chen M, Long GQ, Zhao Y, Zhang GH, Chen JW, Fan W, Yang SC. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:451. [PMID: 31655543 PMCID: PMC6815444 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taproot thickening is a complex biological process that is dependent on the coordinated expression of genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb that is characterized by an enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms of taproot enlargement are poorly understood. RESULTS A total of 29,957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during the thickening process in the taproots of P. notoginseng. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment revealed that DEGs associated with "plant hormone signal transduction," "starch and sucrose metabolism," and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" were predominantly enriched. Further analysis identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, and Starch branching enzyme I) and metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glucose, fructose, malate, and arginine) that potentially control taproot thickening. Several aspects including hormone crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostatic regulation between sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism, were identified as important for the thickening process in the taproot of P. notoginseng. CONCLUSION The results provide a molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the further characterization of the genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ying-Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zhi-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Shuang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jun-Rong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Guang-Qiang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National& Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lyu T, Hu Z, Liu W, Cao J. Arabidopsis Cys 2/His 2 zinc-finger protein MAZ1 is essential for intine formation and exine pattern. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:299-305. [PMID: 31427085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cys2/His2 zinc-finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) is widely involved in the reproductive development of plants, but its role in pollen development is still elusive. Here, we identified a pollen-related C2H2-ZFP gene named as MALE FERTILITY-ASSOCIATED ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1 (MAZ1), which was first isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. MAZ1 showed a preferential expression pattern in early anther development. Its mutation resulted in aberrant primexine deposition at the tetrad stage, followed by a defective multiple-layer pattern of exine with irregular baculum and no tectum. Furthermore, microspore development was arrested, and no intine layer was formed. These developmental defects led to fertility reduction and pollen abortion. This study reveals the essential role of MAZ1 in pollen wall development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Lyu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weimiao Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|