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Guerchi A, Mnafgui W, Jabri C, Merghni M, Sifaoui K, Mahjoub A, Ludidi N, Badri M. Improving productivity and soil fertility in Medicago sativa and Hordeum marinum through intercropping under saline conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38429693 PMCID: PMC10905945 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intercropping is an agriculture system used to enhance the efficiency of resource utilization and maximize crop yield grown under environmental stress such as salinity. Nevertheless, the impact of intercropping forage legumes with annual cereals on soil salinity remains unexplored. This research aimed to propose an intercropping system with alfalfa (Medicago sativa)/sea barley (Hordeum marinum) to explore its potential effects on plant productivity, nutrient uptake, and soil salinity. METHODS The experiment involved three harvests of alfalfa and Hordeum marinum conducted under three cropping systems (sole, mixed, parallel) and subjected to salinity treatments (0 and 150 mM NaCl). Agronomical traits, nutrient uptake, and soil properties were analyzed. RESULTS revealed that the variation in the measured traits in both species was influenced by the cultivation mode, treatment, and the interaction between cultivation mode and treatment. The cultivation had the most significant impact. Moreover, the mixed culture (MC) significantly enhanced the H. marinum and M. sativa productivity increasing biomass yield and development growth under salinity compared to other systems, especially at the second harvest. Furthermore, both intercropping systems alleviated the nutrient uptake under salt stress, as noted by the highest levels of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Mg2+ ratios compared to monoculture. However, the intercropping mode reduced the pH and the electroconductivity (CEC) of the salt soil and increased the percentage of organic matter and the total carbon mostly with the MC system. CONCLUSIONS Intercropped alfalfa and sea barely could mitigate the soil salinity, improve their yield productivity, and enhance nutrient uptake. Based on these findings, we suggest implementing the mixed-culture system for both target crops in arid and semi-arid regions, which further promotes sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Guerchi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis ElManar, Campus Universitaire El-Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Wiem Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Cheima Jabri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Merghni
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Kalthoum Sifaoui
- Direction des Sols, INRAT, Rue Hedi Karray, Menzah, 1004, Tunisia
| | - Asma Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Ndiko Ludidi
- Plant Stress Tolerance Laboratory, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X112831, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa
- DSI -NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Mounawer Badri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia.
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Bellin L, Melzer M, Hilo A, Garza Amaya DL, Keller I, Meurer J, Möhlmann T. Nucleotide Limitation Results in Impaired Photosynthesis, Reduced Growth and Seed Yield Together with Massively Altered Gene Expression. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1494-1510. [PMID: 37329302 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide limitation and imbalance is a well-described phenomenon in animal research but understudied in the plant field. A peculiarity of pyrimidine de novo synthesis in plants is the complex subcellular organization. Here, we studied two organellar localized enzymes in the pathway, with chloroplast aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) and mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). ATC knock-downs were most severely affected, exhibiting low levels of pyrimidine nucleotides, a low energy state, reduced photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, altered leaf morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure were observed in ATC mutants. Although less affected, DHODH knock-down mutants showed impaired seed germination and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure. Thus, DHODH might not only be regulated by respiration but also exert a regulatory function on this process. Transcriptome analysis of an ATC-amiRNA line revealed massive alterations in gene expression with central metabolic pathways being downregulated and stress response and RNA-related pathways being upregulated. In addition, genes involved in central carbon metabolism, intracellular transport and respiration were markedly downregulated in ATC mutants, being most likely responsible for the observed impaired growth. We conclude that impairment of the first committed step in pyrimidine metabolism, catalyzed by ATC, leads to nucleotide limitation and by this has far-reaching consequences on metabolism and gene expression. DHODH might closely interact with mitochondrial respiration, as seen in delayed germination, which is the reason for its localization in this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Bellin
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben 06466, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben 06466, Germany
| | - Diana Laura Garza Amaya
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Sciences, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Kaiserslautern D-67663, Germany
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Visioni A, Basile B, Amri A, Sanchez-Garcia M, Corrado G. Advancing the Conservation and Utilization of Barley Genetic Resources: Insights into Germplasm Management and Breeding for Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3186. [PMID: 37765350 PMCID: PMC10535687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Barley is a very important crop particularly in marginal dry areas, where it often serves as the most viable option for farmers. Additionally, barley carries great significance in the Western world, serving not only as a fundamental crop for animal feed and malting but also as a nutritious food source. The broad adaptability of barley and its ability to withstand various biotic and abiotic stresses often make this species the sole cereal that can be cultivated in arid regions. The collection and utilization of barley genetic resources are crucial for identifying valuable traits to enhance productivity and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. This review aims to provide an overview of the management and exploitation of barley genetic resources. Furthermore, the review explores the relationship between gene banks and participatory breeding, offering insights into the diversity and utilization of barley genetic resources through some examples such as the initiatives undertaken by ICARDA. Finally, this contribution highlights the importance of these resources for boosting barley productivity, addressing climate change impacts, and meeting the growing food demands in a rapidly changing agriculture. The understanding and utilizing the rich genetic diversity of barley can contribute to sustainable agriculture and ensure the success of this vital crop for future generations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visioni
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco; (A.A.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Boris Basile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ahmed Amri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco; (A.A.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Miguel Sanchez-Garcia
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco; (A.A.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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Réthoré E, Ali N, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA. Silicon Enhances Brassica napus Tolerance to Boron Deficiency by the Remobilisation of Boron and by Changing the Expression of Boron Transporters. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2574. [PMID: 37447134 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and its deficiency is a widespread nutritional disorder, particularly in high-demanding crops like Brassica napus. Over the past few decades, silicon (Si) has been shown to mitigate plant nutrient deficiencies of different macro- and micro-nutrients. However, the work on B and Si cross-talk has mostly been focused on the alleviation of B toxicity by Si application. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Si application on rapeseed plants grown hydroponically under long-term B deficiency (20 days at 0.1 µM B). In addition, a B-uptake labelling experiment was conducted, and the expression of the genes involved in B uptake were monitored between 2 and 15 days of B shortage. The results showed that Si significantly improved rapeseed plant growth under B deficiency by 34% and 49% in shoots and roots, respectively. It also increased the expression level of BnaNIP5;1 and BOR1;2c in both young leaves and roots. The uptake labelling experiment showed the remobilization of previously fixed 11B from old leaves to new tissues. This study provides additional evidence of the beneficial effects of Si under conditions lacking B by changing the expression of the BnaNIP5;1 gene and by remobilizing 11B to young tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint Malo, France
| | - Nusrat Ali
- Phys-Chem and Bio-Analytics R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint-Malo, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint Malo, France
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint Malo, France
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5
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Ghanmi S, Smith MA, Zaidi I, Drira M, Graether SP, Hanin M. Isolation and molecular characterization of an FSK 2-type dehydrin from Atriplex halimus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113783. [PMID: 37406790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins form the group II LEA protein family and are known to play multiple roles in plant stress tolerance and enzyme protection. They harbor a variable number of conserved lysine rich motifs (K-segments) and may also contain three additional conserved motifs (Y-, F- and S-segments). In this work, we report the isolation and characterization of an FSK2-type dehydrin from the halophytic species Atriplex halimus, which we designate as AhDHN1. In silico analysis of the protein sequence revealed that AhDHN1 contains large number of hydrophilic residues, and is predicted to be intrinsically disordered. In addition, it has an FSK2 architecture with one F-segment, one S-segment, and two K-segments. The expression analysis showed that the AhDHN1 transcript is induced by salt and water stress treatments in the leaves of Atriplex seedlings. Moreover, circular dichroism spectrum performed on recombinant AhDHN1 showed that the dehydrin lacks any secondary structure, confirming its intrinsic disorder nature. However, there is a gain of α-helicity in the presence of membrane-like SDS micelles. In vitro assays revealed that AhDHN1 is able to effectively protect enzymatic activity of the lactate dehydrogenase against cold, heat and dehydration stresses. Our findings strongly suggest that AhDHN1 can be involved in the adaptation mechanisms of halophytes to adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Ghanmi
- Plant Physiology & Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Margaret A Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP "1177", University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Drira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP "1177", University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Steffen P Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology & Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Paul M, Tanskanen J, Jääskeläinen M, Chang W, Dalal A, Moshelion M, Schulman AH. Drought and recovery in barley: key gene networks and retrotransposon response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193284. [PMID: 37377802 PMCID: PMC10291200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction During drought, plants close their stomata at a critical soil water content (SWC), together with making diverse physiological, developmental, and biochemical responses. Methods Using precision-phenotyping lysimeters, we imposed pre-flowering drought on four barley varieties (Arvo, Golden Promise, Hankkija 673, and Morex) and followed their physiological responses. For Golden Promise, we carried out RNA-seq on leaf transcripts before and during drought and during recovery, also examining retrotransposon BARE1expression. Transcriptional data were subjected to network analysis. Results The varieties differed by their critical SWC (ϴcrit), Hankkija 673 responding at the highest and Golden Promise at the lowest. Pathways connected to drought and salinity response were strongly upregulated during drought; pathways connected to growth and development were strongly downregulated. During recovery, growth and development pathways were upregulated; altogether, 117 networked genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated autophagy were downregulated. Discussion The differential response to SWC suggests adaptation to distinct rainfall patterns. We identified several strongly differentially expressed genes not earlier associated with drought response in barley. BARE1 transcription is strongly transcriptionally upregulated by drought and downregulated during recovery unequally between the investigated cultivars. The downregulation of networked autophagy genes suggests a role for autophagy in drought response; its importance to resilience should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitry Paul
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tanskanen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Jääskeläinen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wei Chang
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahan Dalal
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The regulation of plant cell wall organisation under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118313. [PMID: 36968390 PMCID: PMC10036381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall biosynthesis is a complex and tightly regulated process. The composition and the structure of the cell wall should have a certain level of plasticity to ensure dynamic changes upon encountering environmental stresses or to fulfil the demand of the rapidly growing cells. The status of the cell wall is constantly monitored to facilitate optimal growth through the activation of appropriate stress response mechanisms. Salt stress can severely damage plant cell walls and disrupt the normal growth and development of plants, greatly reducing productivity and yield. Plants respond to salt stress and cope with the resulting damage by altering the synthesis and deposition of the main cell wall components to prevent water loss and decrease the transport of surplus ions into the plant. Such cell wall modifications affect biosynthesis and deposition of the main cell wall components: cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, lignin, and suberin. In this review, we highlight the roles of cell wall components in salt stress tolerance and the regulatory mechanisms underlying their maintenance under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Science (NAS) of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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8
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Jiang W, Tong T, Chen X, Deng F, Zeng F, Pan R, Zhang W, Chen G, Chen ZH. Molecular response and evolution of plant anion transport systems to abiotic stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:397-412. [PMID: 34846607 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose that anion channels are essential players for green plants to respond and adapt to the abiotic stresses associated changing climate via reviewing the literature and analyzing the molecular evolution, comparative genetic analysis, and bioinformatics analysis of the key anion channel gene families. Climate change-induced abiotic stresses including heatwave, elevated CO2, drought, and flooding, had a major impact on plant growth in the last few decades. This scenario could lead to the exposure of plants to various stresses. Anion channels are confirmed as the key factors in plant stress responses, which exist in the green lineage plants. Numerous studies on anion channels have shed light on their protein structure, ion selectivity and permeability, gating characteristics, and regulatory mechanisms, but a great quantity of questions remain poorly understand. Here, we review function of plant anion channels in cell signaling to improve plant response to environmental stresses, focusing on climate change related abiotic stresses. We investigate the molecular response and evolution of plant slow anion channel, aluminum-activated malate transporter, chloride channel, voltage-dependent anion channel, and mechanosensitive-like anion channel in green plant. Furthermore, comparative genetic and bioinformatic analysis reveal the conservation of these anion channel gene families. We also discuss the tissue and stress specific expression, molecular regulation, and signaling transduction of those anion channels. We propose that anion channels are essential players for green plants to adapt in a diverse environment, calling for more fundamental and practical studies on those anion channels towards sustainable food production and ecosystem health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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Al-Tamimi N, Langan P, Bernád V, Walsh J, Mangina E, Negrão S. Capturing crop adaptation to abiotic stress using image-based technologies. Open Biol 2022; 12:210353. [PMID: 35728624 PMCID: PMC9213114 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmers and breeders aim to improve crop responses to abiotic stresses and secure yield under adverse environmental conditions. To achieve this goal and select the most resilient genotypes, plant breeders and researchers rely on phenotyping to quantify crop responses to abiotic stress. Recent advances in imaging technologies allow researchers to collect physiological data non-destructively and throughout time, making it possible to dissect complex plant responses into quantifiable traits. The use of image-based technologies enables the quantification of crop responses to stress in both controlled environmental conditions and field trials. This paper summarizes phenotyping imaging technologies (RGB, multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, among others) that have been used to assess different abiotic stresses including salinity, drought and nitrogen deficiency, while discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We present a detailed review of traits involved in abiotic tolerance, which have been quantified by a range of imaging sensors under high-throughput phenotyping facilities or using unmanned aerial vehicles in the field. We also provide an up-to-date compilation of spectral tolerance indices and discuss the progress and challenges in machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised models as well as deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Tamimi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Langan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Villő Bernád
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason Walsh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleni Mangina
- School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sónia Negrão
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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The Halophyte Dehydrin Sequence Landscape. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020330. [PMID: 35204830 PMCID: PMC8869203 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrins (DHNs) belong to the LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) family group II, that comprise four conserved motifs (the Y-, S-, F-, and K-segments) and are known to play a multifunctional role in plant stress tolerance. Based on the presence and order of these segments, dehydrins are divided into six subclasses: YnSKn, FnSKn, YnKn, SKn, Kn, and KnS. DHNs are rarely studied in halophytes, and their contribution to the mechanisms developed by these plants to survive in extreme conditions remains unknown. In this work, we carried out multiple genomic analyses of the conservation of halophytic DHN sequences to discover new segments, and examine their architectures, while comparing them with their orthologs in glycophytic plants. We performed an in silico analysis on 86 DHN sequences from 10 halophytic genomes. The phylogenetic tree showed that there are different distributions of the architectures among the different species, and that FSKn is the only architecture present in every plant studied. It was found that K-, F-, Y-, and S-segments are highly conserved in halophytes and glycophytes with a few modifications, mainly involving charged amino acids. Finally, expression data collected for three halophytic species (Puccinillia tenuiflora, Eutrema salsugenium, and Hordeum marinum) revealed that many DHNs are upregulated by salt stress, and the intensity of this upregulation depends on the DHN architecture.
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Chen JT, Aroca R, Romano D. Molecular Aspects of Plant Salinity Stress and Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094918. [PMID: 34066387 PMCID: PMC8125339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy;
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12
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Barros NLF, Marques DN, Tadaiesky LBA, de Souza CRB. Halophytes and other molecular strategies for the generation of salt-tolerant crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:581-591. [PMID: 33773233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current increase in salinity can intensify the disparity between potential and actual crop yields, thus affecting economies and food security. One of the mitigating alternatives is plant breeding via biotechnology, where advances achieved so far are significant. Considering certain aspects when developing studies related to plant breeding can determine the success and accuracy of experimental design. Besides this strategy, halophytes with intrinsic and efficient abilities against salinity can be used as models for improving the response of crops to salinity stress. As crops are mostly glycophytes, it is crucial to point out the molecular differences between these two groups of plants, which may be the key to guiding and optimizing the transformation of glycophytes with halophytic tolerance genes. Therefore, this can broaden perspectives in the trajectory of research towards the cultivation, commercialization, and consumption of salt-tolerant crops on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deyvid Novaes Marques
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lorene Bianca Araújo Tadaiesky
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP 66075-110, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, CEP 66077-530, Brazil
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