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Kloc M, Halasa M, Ghobrial RM. Macrophage niche imprinting as a determinant of macrophage identity and function. Cell Immunol 2024; 399-400:104825. [PMID: 38648700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage niches are the anatomical locations within organs or tissues consisting of various cells, intercellular and extracellular matrix, transcription factors, and signaling molecules that interact to influence macrophage self-maintenance, phenotype, and behavior. The niche, besides physically supporting macrophages, imposes a tissue- and organ-specific identity on the residing and infiltrating monocytes and macrophages. In this review, we give examples of macrophage niches and the modes of communication between macrophages and surrounding cells. We also describe how macrophages, acting against their immune defensive nature, can create a hospitable niche for pathogens and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA; University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Marta Halasa
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Kloc M, Halasa M, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. Invertebrate Immunity, Natural Transplantation Immunity, Somatic and Germ Cell Parasitism, and Transposon Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1072. [PMID: 38256145 PMCID: PMC10815962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While the vertebrate immune system consists of innate and adaptive branches, invertebrates only have innate immunity. This feature makes them an ideal model system for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of innate immunity sensu stricto without reciprocal interferences from adaptive immunity. Although invertebrate immunity is evolutionarily older and a precursor of vertebrate immunity, it is far from simple. Despite lacking lymphocytes and functional immunoglobulin, the invertebrate immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms and features, such as long-term immune memory, which, for decades, have been exclusively attributed to adaptive immunity. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of invertebrate immunity, including the epigenetic foundation of innate memory, the transgenerational inheritance of immunity, genetic immunity against invading transposons, the mechanisms of self-recognition, natural transplantation, and germ/somatic cell parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marta Halasa
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute (WIM-PIB), Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kim JM, Jung IA, Kim JM, Choi MH, Yang JH. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold's Leaf through the Inhibition of p38/JNK/AP-1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1402. [PMID: 37895873 PMCID: PMC10610235 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold (CJ) branch bark, commonly known as Japanese cinnamon, has been used for various culinary and medicinal applications for many centuries. Although the efficacy of CJ branch bark's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity for the treatment of various diseases has been confirmed, the efficacy of CJ leaves (CJLs) has not been examined. We therefore investigated whether CJL3, an ethyl acetate extract of a 70% ethanol CJL extract, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Kupffer cells, specialized macrophages found in the liver. Liver inflammation can activate Kupffer cells, inducing the release of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to tissue damage. We found that CJL3 has high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity. Among the CJL extracts, CJL3 exhibited the greatest polyphenol content, with protocatechuic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid being the most abundant. In addition, we verified that CJL3, which has strong antioxidant properties, ameliorates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by inhibiting p38/JNK/AP-1 signaling. CJL3 therefore has potential for treating liver disease, including hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - In A Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jae Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Sumsumbio Co., Ltd., Jangseong-gun 57248, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
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Kloc M, Kubiak JZ, Zdanowski R, Ghobrial RM. Memory Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010038. [PMID: 36613481 PMCID: PMC9819859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is a crucial part of the immune defense that allows organisms to respond against previously encountered pathogens or other harmful factors. Immunological memory is based on the establishment of epigenetic modifications of the genome. The ability to memorize encounters with pathogens and other harmful factors and mount enhanced defense upon subsequent encounters is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism operating in all animals and plants. However, the term immunological memory is usually restricted to the organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates) possessing the immune system. The mammalian immune system, with innate and adaptive branches, is the most sophisticated among vertebrates. The concept of innate memory and memory macrophages is relatively new and thus understudied. We introduce the concept of immunological memory and describe types of memory in different species and their evolutionary status. We discuss why the traditional view of innate immune cells as the first-line defenders is too restrictive and how the innate immune cells can accumulate and retain immunologic memory. We describe how the initial priming leads to chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes, which allow memory macrophage formation. We also summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying development of memory macrophages; their molecular and metabolic signature and surface markers; and how they may contribute to immune defense, diseases, and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Seifert A, Tylek T, Blum C, Hemmelmann N, Böttcher B, Gbureck U, Groll J. Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials trigger human macrophages to release extracellular traps. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121521. [PMID: 35523018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As central part of the innate immune response, immune cells fight against invaders through various mechanisms, such as the release of extracellular traps (ETs). While this mechanism is mainly known for neutrophils in biomaterial contact, the release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) in response to biomaterials has not yet been reported. An important application area for biomaterials is bone, where healing of defects of a critical size requires the implantation of grafts, which are often composed of calcium phosphates (CaPs). In this study, the response of human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to two different CaPs (α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)) as well as different pore structures was investigated. Scaffolds with anisotropic porosity were prepared by directional freezing, while samples with isotropic pore structure served as reference. It was revealed that ETs are released by human monocyte-derived macrophages in direct or indirect contact with CaP scaffolds. This was caused by mineral nanoparticles formed during incubation of α-TCP samples in culture medium supplemented with human platelet lysate, with an anisotropic pore structure attenuating MET formation. METs were significantly less pronounced or absent in association with CDHA samples. It was furthermore demonstrated that MET formation was accompanied by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this study provided the first evidence that macrophages are capable of releasing ETs in response to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Seifert
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tina Tylek
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carina Blum
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naomi Hemmelmann
- Biocenter and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Biocenter and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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Yu S, Lu J. Macrophages in transplant rejection. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101536. [PMID: 35017096 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplant rejection is one of the primary factors leading to loss of allograft function, and macrophages are involved in allograft rejection. Macrophages polarize into different phenotypes according to stimulation by different external factors. Different types of macrophages play distinct roles in inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune diseases and are involved in transplant rejection. In this review, we introduce the origin and migration of macrophages, outline the classification of macrophages and their polarization mechanisms, and review the currently understood mechanisms of their involvement in transplant rejection. Finally, we discuss the regulation of macrophage polarization and miRNA expression with respect to transplant rejection, which is important for the development of new anti-rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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Yu HC, Huang HB, Huang Tseng HY, Lu MC. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Suppressed Proinflammatory Cytokines Secretion and Enhanced MicroRNA(miR)-3168 Expression in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010570. [PMID: 35009001 PMCID: PMC8745218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its signaling pathway in the proinflammatory cytokines production of macrophages. The effects of different concentrations of BDNF on proinflammatory cytokines expression and secretion in U937 cell-differentiated macrophages, and human monocyte-derived macrophages were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to knockout p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), one of the BDNF receptors. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted to search for BDNF-regulated microRNA. A very low concentration of BDNF (1 ng/mL) could suppress the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages but did not change their mRNA expression. BDNF suppressed IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In U937 cells, BDNF suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun. The p75NTR knockout strongly suppressed IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion in macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages. BDNF regulated the expression of miR-3168 with Ras-related protein Rab-11A as its target. In conclusion, BDNF suppressed proinflammatory cytokines secretion in macrophages and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. Knockout of p75NTR suppressed proinflammatory cytokines expression and secretion. BDNF upregulated the expression of miR-3168. The inhibition of p75NTR could be a potential strategy to control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.T.)
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yu Huang Tseng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.T.)
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.T.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2648000 (ext. 3205); Fax: +886-5-2648006
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Cao S, Dou X, Zhang X, Fang Y, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Hao X, Zhang Z, Wang H. Streptococcus pneumoniae autolysin LytA inhibits ISG15 and ISGylation through decreasing bacterial DNA abnormally accumulated in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:87-96. [PMID: 34673375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of the most robustly upregulated interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and also a ubiquitin-like modifier which has been reported to play an important role in host defense against pathogens. Cytosolic nucleic acids detected by DNA sensors induce type Ⅰ interferons (IFN-Ⅰs) and ISGs in host cells. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pn) autolysin LytA triggers bacterial lysis and then S. pn-derived genomic DNA (hereafter referred to as S. pn-DNA) can be released and accumulates in the cytoplasm of host cells. However, it remains elusive whether LytA-mediated S. pn-DNA release is involved in ISG15 induction. Here we verified that ISG15 conjugation system can be widely activated by S. pn and cytosolic S. pn-DNA in host cells. Moreover, the phagocytosis of macrophages to the mutant strain S. pn D39 ΔlytA was enhanced when compared to S. pn D39, which in turn increased S. pn-DNA uptake into macrophages and augmented ISG15 expression. ISG15 might upregulate proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in macrophages and further promoted the clearance of S. pn in the absence of LytA. These results indicate that S. pn autolysis blunts ISG15 induction through preventing bacteria internalization and reducing cytosolic S. pn-DNA accumulation in macrophages, revealing a new strategy of S. pn for avoiding elimination. This study will help us to further understand the role of ISG15 during S. pn infection as well as the regulatory mechanisms of immune responses mediated by bacterial autolysis and bacterial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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He Y, de Araújo Júnior RF, Cruz LJ, Eich C. Functionalized Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1670. [PMID: 34683963 PMCID: PMC8540805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune responses. As an important part of the TME, alternatively activated type 2 (M2) macrophages drive the development of primary and secondary tumors by promoting tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and overall immunosuppression. Immunotherapy approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in order to reduce the immunosuppressive state in the TME have received great attention. Although these methods hold great potential for the treatment of several cancers, they also face some limitations, such as the fast degradation rate of drugs and drug-induced cytotoxicity of organs and tissues. Nanomedicine formulations that prevent TAM signaling and recruitment to the TME or deplete M2 TAMs to reduce tumor growth and metastasis represent encouraging novel strategies in cancer therapy. They allow the specific delivery of antitumor drugs to the tumor area, thereby reducing side effects associated with systemic application. In this review, we give an overview of TAM biology and the current state of nanomedicines that target M2 macrophages in the course of cancer immunotherapy, with a specific focus on nanoparticles (NPs). We summarize how different types of NPs target M2 TAMs, and how the physicochemical properties of NPs (size, shape, charge and targeting ligands) influence NP uptake by TAMs in vitro and in vivo in the TME. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of passive and active NP-based TAM-targeting strategies and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory (LAICI), Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
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10
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Elsaiey A, Mahmoud HS, Jensen CT, Klimkowski S, Taher A, Chaudhry H, Morani AC, Wong VK, Salem UI, Palmquist SM, Elsayes KM. Mastocytosis-A Review of Disease Spectrum with Imaging Correlation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205102. [PMID: 34680251 PMCID: PMC8533777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review will discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and role of imaging in detection and extent estimation of the systemic involvement of the disease, in addition to demonstration of appearance on varying imaging modalities. Familiarity with the potential imaging findings associated with mastocytosis can aid in early disease diagnosis and classification and accordingly can lead directing further work up and better management. Abstract Mastocytosis is a rare disorder due to the abnormal proliferation of clonal mast cells. Mast cells exist in most tissues, mature in situ from hematopoietic stem cells and develop unique characteristics of local effector cells. Mastocytosis develops by activation mutation of the KIT surface receptor which is involved in the proliferation of a number of cell lines such as mast cells, germ cells, melanocytes, and hematopoietic cells. It manifests as two main categories: cutaneous mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis. Imaging can play an important role in detection and characterization of the disease manifestation, not only by radiography and bone scans, but also magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which can be more sensitive in the assessment of distinctive disease patterns. Radiologists should be aware of various appearances of this disease to better facilitate diagnosis and patient management. Accordingly, this review will discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and role of imaging in detection and extent estimation of the systemic involvement of the disease, in addition to demonstration of appearance on varying imaging modalities. Familiarity with the potential imaging findings associated with mastocytosis can aid in early disease diagnosis and classification and accordingly can lead directing further work up and better management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hagar S. Mahmoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale New Haven Health at 1939 Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Corey T. Jensen
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Sergio Klimkowski
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Ahmed Taher
- Transitional Year Residency Program, Trinity Health Midatlantic, Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19152, USA;
| | - Humaira Chaudhry
- Department of Radiology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Ajaykumar C. Morani
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Vincenzo K. Wong
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Usama I. Salem
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Sarah M. Palmquist
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Khaled M. Elsayes
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.T.J.); (S.K.); (A.C.M.); (V.K.W.); (U.I.S.); (S.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Kloc M, Kubiak JZ. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Homeostasis and Disease and Novel Avenues for Putative Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094927. [PMID: 34066450 PMCID: PMC8125502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.Z.K.)
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.Z.K.)
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New Insights into Cellular Functions of Nuclear Actin. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040304. [PMID: 33916969 PMCID: PMC8067577 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary It is well known that actin forms a cytoplasmic network of microfilaments, the part of the cytoskeleton, in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The presence of nuclear actin was elusive for a very long time. Now, there is a very strong evidence that actin plays many important roles in the nucleus. Here, we discuss the recently discovered functions of the nuclear actin pool. Actin does not have nuclear localization signal (NLS), so its import to the nucleus is facilitated by the NLS-containing proteins. Nuclear actin plays a role in the maintenance of the nuclear structure and the nuclear envelope breakdown. It is also involved in chromatin remodeling, and chromatin and nucleosome movement necessary for DNA recombination, repair, and the initiation of transcription. It also binds RNA polymerases, promoting transcription. Because of the multifaceted role of nuclear actin, the future challenge will be to further define its functions in various cellular processes and diseases. Abstract Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells. There are different pools of nuclear actin often undetectable by conventional staining and commercial antibodies used to identify cytoplasmic actin. With the development of more sophisticated imaging and analytical techniques, it became clear that nuclear actin plays a crucial role in shaping the chromatin, genomic, and epigenetic landscape, transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair. This multifaceted role of nuclear actin is not only important for the function of the individual cell but also for the establishment of cell fate, and tissue and organ differentiation during development. Moreover, the changes in the nuclear, chromatin, and genomic architecture are preamble to various diseases. Here, we discuss some of the newly described functions of nuclear actin.
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