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Lee EH, Choi MH, Lee KH, Kim D, Jeong SH, Song YG, Han SH. Intrahospital transmission and infection control of Candida auris originating from a severely infected COVID-19 patient transferred abroad. J Hosp Infect 2024; 143:140-149. [PMID: 37939883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahospital spread of Candida auris, which survives tenaciously in many environments, can cause sustained colonization and infection. A large outbreak of C. auris was experienced in the intensive care units (ICUs) at the study hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS The index patient with severe COVID-19, who was transferred from Vietnam in January 2022, developed C. auris candidaemia 10 days after hospitalization. From mid-June 2022 to January 2023, strengthened infection prevention and control (IPC) measures were implemented in three ICUs: (1) contact precautions and isolation (CPI) for C. auris-positive cases; (2) surveillance cultures including point-prevalence (N=718) for patients or close contacts or ICU-resident healthcare workers (HCWs); (3) intensive environmental disinfection with 10-fold diluted bleach; and (4) 2% chlorhexidine bathing for all ICU patients. Environmental cultures (ECx) on surfaces and shared objects (N=276) were conducted until early September 2022, when all ECx were negative. RESULTS Among 53 C. auris-positive patients between February 2022 and January 2023, invasive infections resulted in seven cases of candidaemia and one case of pneumonia. C. auris was isolated from reusable tympanic thermometers (TTMs) contaminated with earwax. The isolation rate of C. auris in ECx decreased from 6.8% in June 2022 to 2.0% in August 2022, and was no longer detected in TTMs. Colonization in HCWs was remarkably rare (0.5%). The number of C. auris-positive patients peaked in July (N=10) then decreased gradually. By January 2023, no C. auris were isolated in the ICU. CONCLUSION Aggressive IPC measures with CPI, ECx and surveillance, decontamination of TTMs, and bathing were effective in successfully controlling this C. auris outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y G Song
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Han
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JM, Jung IA, Kim JM, Choi MH, Yang JH. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold's Leaf through the Inhibition of p38/JNK/AP-1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1402. [PMID: 37895873 PMCID: PMC10610235 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold (CJ) branch bark, commonly known as Japanese cinnamon, has been used for various culinary and medicinal applications for many centuries. Although the efficacy of CJ branch bark's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity for the treatment of various diseases has been confirmed, the efficacy of CJ leaves (CJLs) has not been examined. We therefore investigated whether CJL3, an ethyl acetate extract of a 70% ethanol CJL extract, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Kupffer cells, specialized macrophages found in the liver. Liver inflammation can activate Kupffer cells, inducing the release of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to tissue damage. We found that CJL3 has high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity. Among the CJL extracts, CJL3 exhibited the greatest polyphenol content, with protocatechuic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid being the most abundant. In addition, we verified that CJL3, which has strong antioxidant properties, ameliorates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by inhibiting p38/JNK/AP-1 signaling. CJL3 therefore has potential for treating liver disease, including hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - In A Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jae Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Sumsumbio Co., Ltd., Jangseong-gun 57248, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (I.A.J.); (J.M.K.)
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Lee HR, Yang JH, Lee JH, Kim KM, Cho SS, Baek JS, Kim JM, Choi MH, Shin HJ, Ki SH. Protective Effect of Castanopsis sieboldii Extract against UVB-Induced Photodamage in Keratinocytes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062842. [PMID: 36985813 PMCID: PMC10054760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays disrupt the skin by causing photodamage via processes such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, DNA damage, and/or collagen degradation. Castanopsis sieboldii is an evergreen tree native to the southern Korean peninsula. Although it is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, its protective effect against photodamage in keratinocytes has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effect of 70% ethanol extract of C. sieboldii leaf (CSL3) on UVB-mediated skin injuries and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. CSL3 treatment restored the cell viability decreased by UVB irradiation. Moreover, CSL3 significantly inhibited UVB- or tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated ROS generation in HaCaT cells. ER stress was inhibited, whereas autophagy was upregulated by CSL3 treatment against UVB irradiation. Additionally, CSL3 increased collagen accumulation and cell migration, which were decreased by UVB exposure. Notably, epigallocatechin gallate, the major component of CSL3, improved the cell viability decreased by UVB irradiation through regulation of ER stress and autophagy. Conclusively, CSL3 may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sol Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Choi MH, Yang SH, Kim DS, Kim ND, Shin HJ. Ethyl Gallate Isolated from Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Branches Inhibits Melanogenesis and Promotes Autophagy in B16F10 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020269. [PMID: 36829827 PMCID: PMC9952331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (CCS) plant grows predominantly in temperate regions of Asian countries, such as South Korea. Research on CCS has so far concentrated on the nutritional analysis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of its branches. However, the isolation of compounds and structural elucidation of effective single molecules remain unexplored, necessitating further exploration of CCS branches. Therefore, this study demonstrates the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activity of a single substance of ethyl gallate (EG) isolated from CCS branch extracts. Notably, the antimelanogenic (whitening) activity of EG extracted from CCS branches remains unexplored. Tyrosinase inhibition, kinetic enzyme assays, and molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase in order to examine the antioxidant mechanism and antimelanin activity of EG in B16F10 melanoma cells. Nontoxic EG concentrations were found to be below 5 µg/mL. While EG significantly reduced the levels of whitening-associated proteins, p-CREB, and p-PKA, it dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and transcription factor (MITF). In addition, EG downregulated melanogenetic gene expression and activated autophagy signals. Therefore, EG extracted from CCS branches could serve as a novel functional cosmetic material with antimelanogenic and autophagy-enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industrial Technology and Entrepreneurship, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Song Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Doo Kim
- VORONOI BIO Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industrial Technology and Entrepreneurship, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7518
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Choi MH, Yang SH, Park WK, Shin HJ. Bamboo Lignin Fractions with In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity Downregulate Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells via PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137462. [PMID: 35806473 PMCID: PMC9267441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmetic ingredients originating from natural resources have garnered considerable attention, and the demand for whitening ingredients is increasing, particularly in Asian countries. Lignin is a natural phenolic biopolymer significantly effective as a natural sunscreen, as its ultraviolet protection efficacy ranges from 250 to 400 nm. However, using different types of lignin as cosmetic ingredients is difficult owing to the heterogeneity of lignin and the lack of in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy data. Thus, steam-exploded lignin (SEL) was prepared from bamboo, fractionated via successive organic solvent extraction, and sequentially fractionated using ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone to investigate its potential as a natural whitening material. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight of acetone-soluble and acetone-insoluble SEL fractions were the lowest and the highest, respectively. Monomer structures of the four lignin fractions were elucidated using 1H, 13C, and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities of the four fractions were compared. The methanol-soluble SEL fraction (SEL-F2) showed the highest antioxidant activity (except 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity), and the enzyme inhibition kinetics were confirmed. In this study, the expression pattern of the anti-melanogenic-related proteins by SEL-F2 was confirmed for the first time via the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element-binding (CREB) protein signaling pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. Thus, SEL may serve as a valuable cosmetic whitening ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetics, Graduate School of Industrial Technology Startup, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hwa Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Won-Keun Park
- Department of Chemical Energy Engineering, Sangmyong University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetics, Graduate School of Industrial Technology Startup, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-75-18
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Lee W, Choi M, Park E, Park E, Kang S, Lee J, Jang SG, Han HR, Lee SI, Choi JE. Understanding Physicians' and Nurses' Adaption of National-Leading Patient Safety Culture Policy: A Qualitative Study in Tertiary and General Hospitals in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e114. [PMID: 35411732 PMCID: PMC9001182 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Korea, the safety culture is led by national policy. How the policy ensures a patient safety culture needs to be investigated. This study aimed to examine the way in which physicians and nurses regard, understand, or interpret the patient safety-related policy in the hospital setting. METHODS In this qualitative study, we conducted four focus group interviews (FGIs) with 25 physicians and nurses from tertiary and general hospitals in South Korea. FGIs data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which was conducted in an inductive and interpretative way. RESULTS Three themes were identified. The healthcare providers recognized its benefits in the forms of knowledge, information and training at least although the policy implemented by the law forcibly and temporarily. The second theme was about the interaction of the policy and the Korean context of healthcare, which makes a "turning point" in the safety culture. The final theme was about some strains and conflicts resulting from patient safety policy. CONCLUSION To provide a patient safety culture, it is necessary to develop a plan to improve the voluntary participation of healthcare professionals and their commitment to safety. Hospitals should provide more resources and support for healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - MoonHee Choi
- Korea Social Science Data Archive, Asian Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjung Park
- Division of New Health Technology Assessment, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- Division of New Health Technology Assessment, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinhee Kang
- Division of New Health Technology Assessment, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jessie Lee
- Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hae-Rim Han
- Division of New Health Technology Assessment, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea.
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Choi MH, Lee MY, Yang SH, Shin HJ, Jeon YJ. Hydrophobic Fractions of Triticum aestivum L. Extracts Contain Polyphenols and Alleviate Inflammation by Regulating Nuclear Factor-kappa B. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jeon YJ, Han YJ, Choi MH, Lee JS, Lee JH, Jo SH, Kim SH. Mental health states and influencing factors of risky and problem drinking in South Korean female adolescents. Public Health 2020; 185:61-69. [PMID: 32570147 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol is one of the most used and abused psychoactive substances by adolescents. We investigated influencing factors of risky and problem drinking in Korean female adolescents. STUDY DESIGN The study design used is a cross-sectional modeling. METHODS We used data from the 13th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) conducted in 2017. KYRBS data were obtained from a stratified, multistage, clustered sample. Risky drinking was binge drinking and problem drinking was drinking with several conflicts association with alcohol consumption. RESULTS Among 62,276 participants, the rates of current, risky, and problem drinking among all participants were 16.1%, 8.3%, and 6.1%, respectively. Although all of these rates were higher in males, risky and problem drinking rates among current female drinkers were higher than those of males (55.4 vs 48.5%, 38.9 vs 37.2%, respectively). Problem drinking was most strongly associated with risky drinking (adjusted odds ratio: 17.53 [95% confidence interval: 14.63-21.00]), similarly, risky drinking was most strongly associated with problem drinking in female current drinkers (17.76 [14.84-21.27]). Current smoking was the second strongest risk factor for risky and problem drinking in females (5.22 [3.92-6.95] and 2.93 [2.21-3.89], respectively). CONCLUSION Many female adolescents in Korea drink alcohol in an unhealthy manner. The female risky and problem drinking rates among current drinkers were higher than those of males. Risky drinking and problem drinking was most significant influencing factor among females, reciprocally. Public education on abstinence in female adolescents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Jo
- Department of Biostatstics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DS, Choi MH, Shin HJ. Extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves from different cultivation regions show both antioxidant and antiobesity activities. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13282. [PMID: 32436270 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is rich in nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and phytochemicals, and has been used as a traditional remedy. In this study, extracts of M. oleifera leaves from South Korea and Cambodia were evaluated for their antioxidant and antiobesity activities and for food and natural medicine use. The extracts were made using water and ethanol with leaves from South Korea and Cambodia, and then, the ethanol extracts were further fractionated with ethyl acetate. The antioxidant and antiobesity activities of fractionated ethanol extracts were higher than those of water extracts. Although the expression of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation did not have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the M. oleifera leaf extracts, the expression of PPARγ, FAS, and ACC was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner with the M. oleifera leaf extracts. This study shows that M. oleifera leaves from South Korea and Cambodia may be an effective candidate for antiobesity prevention. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Antioxidants and antiobesity factors are important for metabolic syndrome including obesity. Recently, natural antiobesity medication containing polyphenol ingredients has been developed to replace synthetic antiobesity medication, which has various side effects. This study evaluates the antioxidant and antiobesity activities of Moringa oleifera leaves from different cultivation regions. The leaves grow rapidly and leaf extracts contain a large amount of nutrients and phytochemicals, which enables commercial production of the leaves as natural antiobesity medications including functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Song Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Choi MH, Jo HG, Kim MJ, Kang MJ, Shin HJ. Fruit Juice Supplementation Alters Human Skin Antioxidant Levels In Vivo: Case Study of Korean Adults by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Choi MH, Jo HG, Yang JH, Ki SH, Shin HJ. Antioxidative and Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Bamboo Stems (Phyllostachys nigra variety henosis) via PKA/CREB-Mediated MITF Downregulation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020409. [PMID: 29385729 PMCID: PMC5855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllostachys nigra var. henosis, a domestic bamboo species, has been attracting much attention; its bioactive compounds (especially in the leaf) show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Little information is available on the antioxidative and anti-melanogenetic activities of the bioactive compounds in bamboo stems. The anti-melanogenic and antioxidative activities of the EtOAc fraction (PN3) of a P. nigra stem extract were investigated in a cell-free system and in B16F10 melanoma cells. PN3 consisted of a mixture of flavonoids, such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)), and hydroxyl radical scavenging) was evaluated, as well as the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the Fenton reaction. PN3 showed in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity with the half maximal inbihitory concentration (IC50) values of 240 μg/mL, and in vivo cytotoxic concentration ranges > 100 μg/mL. The protein expression levels and mRNA transcription levels of TYR, TRP-1, and MITF were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with PN3. PN3 interfered with the phosphorylation of intracellular protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), demonstrating potent anti-melanogenic effects. PN3 could inhibit PKA/CREB and the subsequent degradation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), resulting in the suppression of melanogenic enzymes and melanin production, probably because of the presence of flavonoid compounds. These properties make it a candidate as an additive to whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Han-Gyo Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
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Seo SI, Bang CS, Kang HS, Choi MH, Shin WG, Jang HJ, Kim JB, Baik KH, Kae SH, Kim HY. Evaluation of treatment pattern and symptom control in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: multihospital questionnaire survey on the current situation in Korea. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-8. [PMID: 28859382 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); however, a considerable number of patients fail to respond to PPI therapy and complain of nocturnal heartburn and sleep disturbance. The aims of this study are to evaluate the treatment pattern of GERD-related medications and their efficacy in relieving nocturnal heartburn. A total of 334 patients with GERD receiving PPI therapy within 6 months were enrolled in a multihospital questionnaire survey from January, 2014 to March, 2015. GERD symptoms and patients' satisfaction were assessed by patient questionnaires, and treatment patterns of GERD-related medications were assessed by investigators. Among the 334 patients, 95.8% used PPI once daily and 58.6% used a half-dose of PPI. The PPI treatment pattern was changed in 26.6% of all patients, of those, 54% of the patients doubled the PPI dose, and 29.2% of the patients switched to another PPI. Approximately 60.3% of all patients were prescribed more than three GERD-related medications. The overall satisfaction rate was 61.8%, and 32.2% of patients experienced nocturnal heartburn and sleep disturbance. In the extended-release PPI group, there were fewer nocturnal symptoms compared with the conventional PPI group (10% vs. 33.7%, respectively, P = 0.027). The use of more than three medications was inversely associated with patients' satisfaction (OR = 0.355, 95% CI; 0.197-0.642, P = 0.001). Most patients were prescribed adjunctive medications other than PPIs; however, patients' satisfaction was inversely associated with multiple drugs. Patients' satisfaction was superior in extended-release PPIs than conventional PPIs for the relief of nocturnal heartburn in Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - C S Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Gangwon-do
| | - H S Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - M H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - W G Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital
| | - H J Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - J B Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul
| | - K H Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Gangwon-do
| | - S H Kae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital
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Yang JH, Choi MH, Yang SH, Cho SS, Park SJ, Shin HJ, Ki SH. Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Antiadipogenic Properties of Bamboo (Sasa coreana Nakai) Leaves Extract and Its Major Constituent Flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:6665-6673. [PMID: 28726396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory response and recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Here, we reported the anti-inflammatory and antiadipogenic effects of the methanol (MeOH) extract and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of bamboo leaf and its molecular mechanism in RAW264.7 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively. Functional macrophage migration assays also were performed. Surprisingly, the EtOAc fraction of MeOH extracts from native Korean plant species Sasa coreana Nakai (SCN) has shown potent anti-inflammatory properties; SCN pretreatment inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0.01) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Inflammatory genes induced by LPS, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly attenuated by SCN (p < 0.01). Pretreatment with SCN antagonized NF-κB nuclear translocation and the simultaneous degradation of inhibitory κB protein. Furthermore, SCN selectively inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK (p < 0.01) and p38 (p < 0.05) but not ERK (p > 0.05). Similar to leaf extracts of other bamboo species, we identified that SCN contained several flavonoids including orientin, isoorientin, and vitexin; these compounds inhibited LPS-induced NO production (p < 0.05) and iNOS expression. In addition, SCN inhibited adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Oil Red O staining and the protein expression of mature adipogenic marker genes. Treatment with the major flavonoids of SCN also inhibited adipogenesis. Furthermore, conditioned medium obtained from adipocytes stimulated macrophage chemotaxis, whereas medium from adipocytes treated with SCN significantly inhibited macrophage migration. Therefore, SCN is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Yang
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheatgrass is known to have antioxidant, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory effect. However, its protective effect against hypoxia is not yet evaluated. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the protective and anti-inflammatory effect of wheatgrass against the hypoxia in airway epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells were incubated in a hypoxic condition (CO2 5%/O2 1%) for 24 hr in the presence of different concentration of wheatgrass 50, 75, 100, and 150 μg/mL, and the magnitude of each immunologic response produced by the A549 cells was compared. The mRNA expression level of mucin gene (MUC), 5A, 5B, 8, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and VEGF were evaluated by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The MUC proteins level before and after knocking out the hypoxia-inducible factor (hif)-1α via short interfering (si) RNA transfection were assessed by immunoblot analysis. Accordingly, the involved cell signaling pathway was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS The inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, TNF- α) and the expressions of MUC 5A, 5B, and 8 were augmented by hypoxia. The augmented MUC expression was decreased by the wheatgrass extract administration. Hif-1α gene expression after hypoxia exposure was decreased by wheatgrass. Knockdown of hif-1α by siRNA reduced the mucin gene expression and which was more enhanced by wheatgrass extract. CONCLUSION Theses results suggest that wheatgrass may be useful in the treatment of sinonasal disease by inhibiting mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelium. SUMMARY Wheatgrass extract decreases the hypoxia-induced MUC 5A, 5B and 8 expression.Hif-1α gene expression after hypoxia exposure was decreased by wheatgrass.Wheatgrass inhibits p44/42 phosphorylation in hypoxia-exposed airway epithelial cells. Abbreviations used: A549: human lung adenocarcinoma cells, GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, HIF: hypoxia inducible factor, IL: interleukin, MUC: mucin, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, TNF: tumor necrosis factors, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, si RNA: short interfering RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Sim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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Choe JH, Choi MH, Ryu YC, Go GW, Choi YM, Lee SH, Lim KS, Lee EA, Kang JH, Hong KC, Kim BC. Estimation of pork quality traits using exsanguination blood and postmortem muscle metabolites. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:862-9. [PMID: 25925063 PMCID: PMC4412983 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to estimate the pork quality traits using metabolites from exsanguination blood and postmortem muscle simultaneously under the Korean standard pre- and post-slaughter conditions. A total of 111 Yorkshire (pure breed and castrated male) pigs were evaluated under the Korean standard conditions. Measurements were taken of the levels of blood glucose and lactate at exsanguination, and muscle glycogen and lactate content at 45 min and 24 h postmortem. Certain pork quality traits were also evaluated. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis including stepwise regression were performed. Exsanguination blood glucose and lactate levels were positively correlated with each other, negatively related to postmortem muscle glycogen content and positively associated with postmortem muscle lactate content. A rapid and extended postmortem glycolysis was associated with high levels of blood glucose and lactate, with high muscle lactate content, and with low muscle glycogen content during postmortem. In addition, these were also correlated with paler meat color and reduced water holding capacity. The results of multiple regression analyses also showed that metabolites in exsanguination blood and postmortem muscle explained variations in pork quality traits. Especially, levels of blood glucose and lactate and content of muscle glycogen at early postmortem were significantly associated with an elevated early glycolytic rate. Furthermore, muscle lactate content at 24 h postmortem alone accounted for a considerable portion of the variation in pork quality traits. Based on these results, the current study confirmed that the main factor influencing pork quality traits is the ultimate lactate content in muscle via postmortem glycolysis, and that levels of blood glucose and lactate at exsanguination and contents of muscle glycogen and lactate at postmortem can explain a large portion of the variation in pork quality even under the standard slaughter conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choe
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - M H Choi
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Y C Ryu
- College of Applied Life Sciences, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - G W Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Y M Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, KyungPook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - K S Lim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - E A Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - J H Kang
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - K C Hong
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - B C Kim
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Choi MH, Han HK, Lee YJ, Jo HG, Shin HJ. In vitro anti-cancer activity of hydrophobic fractions of Sparassis latifolia extract using AGS, A529, and HepG2 cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.14480/jm.2014.12.4.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Choi MH, Hwang Y, Lee HU, Kim B, Lee GW, Oh YK, Andersen HR, Lee YC, Huh YS. Aquatic ecotoxicity effect of engineered aminoclay nanoparticles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 102:34-41. [PMID: 24580819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the short term aquatic ecotoxicity of water-solubilized aminoclay nanoparticles (ANPs) of ~51±31 nm average hydrodynamic diameter was characterized. An ecotoxicological evaluation was carried out utilizing standard test organisms of different phyla and trophic levels namely the eukaryotic microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the bioluminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fisheri. The effective inhibitory concentration (EC50) with 95% confidence limits for the microalga was 1.29 mg/L (0.72-1.82) for the average growth rate and 0.26 mg/L (0.23-0.31) for the cell yield. The entrapping of algal cells in aggregates of ANP may play a major role in the growth inhibition of algae P. subcapitata. No inhibition was observed for V. fisheri up to 25,000 mg/L (no observed effect concentration; NOEC). For D. magna no immobilization was observed in a limit test with 100 mg/L in 24 h while in 48 h a single animal was immobilized (5% inhibition). Correspondingly, the NOEC of ANP in 24 h was 100 mg/L and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for 48 h was 100 mg/L. Therefore it can be considered to use ANP as an algal-inhibition agent at concentrations <100 mg/L without affecting or only mildly affecting other organisms including zooplanktons, but further studies on the environmental fate and chronic toxicity of ANP is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwa Kim
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Woon Lee
- Testing and Certification Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (BK21 program), KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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19
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Lee YC, Oh SY, Lee HU, Kim B, Lee SY, Choi MH, Lee GW, Park JY, Oh YK, Ryu T, Han YK, Chung KS, Huh YS. Aminoclay-induced humic acid flocculation for efficient harvesting of oleaginous Chlorella sp. Bioresour Technol 2014; 153:365-369. [PMID: 24388691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels (biodiesel) production from oleaginous microalgae has been intensively studied for its practical applications within the microalgae-based biorefinement process. For scaled-up cultivation of microalgae in open ponds or, for further cost reduction, using wastewater, humic acids present in water-treatment systems can positively and significantly affect the harvesting of microalgae biomass. Flocculation, because of its simplicity and inexpensiveness, is considered to be an efficient approach to microalgae harvesting. Based on the reported cationic aminoclay usages for a broad spectrum of microalgae species in wide-pH regimes, aminoclay-induced humic acid flocculation at the 5g/L aminoclay loading showed fast floc formation, approximately 100% harvesting efficiency, which was comparable to the only-aminoclay treatment at 5g/L, indicating that the humic acid did not significantly inhibit the microalgae harvesting behavior. As for the microalgae flocculation mechanism, it is suggested that cationic nanoparticles decorated on macromolecular matters function as a type of network in capturing microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwa Kim
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeun Lee
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Woon Lee
- Testing and Certification Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegong Ryu
- Rare Metals Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sup Chung
- Rare Metals Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
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Lee YC, Lee K, Hwang Y, Andersen HR, Kim B, Lee SY, Choi MH, Park JY, Han YK, Oh YK, Huh YS. Aminoclay-templated nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) synthesis for efficient harvesting of oleaginous microalga, Chlorella sp. KR-1. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46602g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Choi MH, Hong JM, Lee JS, Shin DH, Choi HA, Lee K. Preferential location for arterial dissection presenting as golf-related stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:323-6. [PMID: 24184518 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Golf-related stroke has not been systematically reviewed. The purpose of our study was to describe in detail this particular stroke syndrome. Seven patients were analyzed at a university hospital and 7 patients were reviewed from MEDLINE literature. General demographics, symptom onset, neurologic signs, radiologic findings, and outcome were investigated. A total of 14 patients including 7 patients from the MEDLINE search were analyzed; all were men, with a mean age of 46.9 ± 12.8 years. Symptom onset was classified as during the golf swing (n = 9), unknown (n = 3), and after playing golf (n = 2). Most patients (n = 12) showed involvement of the vertebral artery and 2 patients showed involvement of the internal carotid artery (P = .008). Nine dissections were found on the right side, 3 on the left side, and 2 were bilateral (P = .046). Twelve patients had extracranial involvement and 2 patients had intracranial involvement (P = .008). Seven patients returned to normal, 5 returned to independence, 1 had unknown status, and 1 died. The anatomic preference of golf-related craniocervical arterial dissection is associated with the extracranial and vertebrobasilar system with a right-sided tendency as the result of stereotypical rotational movement during a golf swing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- From the Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea (M.H.C., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
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23
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Shin KH, Choi MH, Lim KS, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY. Evaluation of Endogenous Metabolic Markers of Hepatic CYP3A Activity Using Metabolic Profiling and Midazolam Clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:601-9. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park CH, Kim KO, Baek IH, Choi MH, Jang HJ, Kae SH, Kim JB, Baik GH, Shin WG, Kim KH, Kim HY. Differences in the risk factors of reflux esophagitis according to age in Korea. Dis Esophagus 2012; 27:116-21. [PMID: 23009198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Korea has been believed to be low, but the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Korea is expected to increase because of the longer life expectancy and more ingestion of westernized food. The aim of this study was to report differences in the risk factors of reflux esophagitis (RE) according to age in Korea. We prospectively recruited the subjects who had RE among those who visited a health promotion center for upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance at Hallym Medical Center (five institutions) between January 2008 and February 2009. The enrolled study participants comprised 742 subjects with RE and 1484 healthy controls. The independent risk factors of RE in young and adult group were male sex, smoking, coffee, body mass index ≥ 25, hiatal hernia, and Helicobacter pylori negativity. The risk factors of RE in elderly group were smoking, coffee, and hiatal hernia. The risk factors for RE according to age group were found to differ. In elderly group, Helicobacter pylori infection was not a significant protective factor contrary to young and adult groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Quan M, Fadl A, Tepper O, Small K, Kumar N, Choi MH, Karp NS. 157C: DEFINING PSEUDOPTOSIS (BOTTOMING OUT) 3 YEARS FOLLOWING SHORT-SCAR MEDIAL PEDICLE REDUCTION MAMMAPLASTY. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000371891.56943.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choi BH, Choi MH, Kwak MG, Min BH, Woo ZH, Park SR. Mechanotransduction pathways of low-intensity ultrasound in C-28/I2 human chondrocyte cell line. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2007; 221:527-35. [PMID: 17822154 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has recently been considered to be an effective method to induce cartilage repair and/or regeneration after injury. Nevertheless, there is no study to provide a cellular mechanism or signal pathways of LIUS stimulation. The current study is designed to investigate the effects of LIUS on the mechanotransduction pathways in C-28/I2, an immortalized human chondrocyte cell line. C-28/I2 cells were treated with LIUS at an intensity of 200 mW/cm2 using Noblelife™ from Duplogen. The role of stretch-activated channels (SAC) and integrins that are most well-known mechanoreceptors on the chondrocyte cell surface was first examined in mediating the LIUS effects on the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan. When analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, gadolinium (a specific inhibitor of SACs) or GRGDSP (a peptide inhibitor of integrins) specifically reduced the LIUS-induced elevation of type II collagen and aggrecan expressions depending on the incubation time. In addition, the LIUS treatment of C-28/I2 cells induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but not p38 kinase among the members of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The phosphorylation of ERK by LIUS was repressed by a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway and integrin function. These results suggest that the LIUS signal might be mediated via canonical mechanoreceptors of SACs and integrins and subsequently through JNK and ERK pathways. The present study provides the first evidence for the activation of the mechanotransduction pathways by LIUS in human chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Choi
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Lee ST, Choi MH, Gong SP, Han JY, Lim JM. Establishment of a basic method for manipulating preantral follicles: effects of retrieval method on in vitro growth of preantral follicles and intrafollicular oocytes. ZYGOTE 2007; 15:109-16. [PMID: 17462103 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199407004121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this study was to establish a basic manipulation protocol of preantral follicles for deriving developmentally competent oocytes. Primary, early and late secondary follicles retrieved from the ovaries of 14-day-old F1 (C57BL/6 × DBA2) female mice mechanically or enzymatically were cultured singly and in vitro growth of the follicles and maturation of intrafollicular oocytes were subsequently monitored. A mechanical method retrieved more (p < 0.0001) follicles (339 ± 48 vs. 202 ± 28) than an enzymatic method. However, the enzymatic method collected more singly isolated follicles that could be provided for subsequent culture (102 ± 26 vs. 202 ± 28). When an enzymatic method was employed, early and late secondary follicles required 9 and 6 days for reaching the maximal incidence of the pseudoantral stage. However, primary follicles were not possible to develop into the pseudoantral stage. The optimal duration of oocyte maturation from the onset of follicle culture was 7 days and 5–7 days for early and late secondary follicles, respectively. A general decrease in oocyte diameter (65.2–65.53 μm vs. 75 μm) and zona thickness (5.41–5.74 μm vs. 7.76 μm) was detected in in vitro-derived compared with in vivo-derived matured oocytes. Pronuclear formation was detected in 86–94% of mature oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and no significant difference was detected among groups. These results showed that preantral follicles retrieved by an enzymatic method underwent step-by-step growth in vitro, which could yield mature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Choi MH, Lee HJ, Rho JK, Yoon SC, Nam JD, Lim D, Lenz RW. Biosynthesis and local sequence specific degradation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:38-45. [PMID: 12523844 DOI: 10.1021/bm025596s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel copolymer that consisted of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 4-hydroxybutyrate, P(3HV-co-4HB), was synthesized in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava by growing it in media containing gamma-valerolactone and gamma-butyrolactone as a carbon source. The monomer ratio in the copolymer was changed by altering the feed ratio of the two lactones. The cultivation technique was composed of three steps: the first-step for high cell production in Luria-Bertani medium, the second-step for intracellular degrading removal of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)), which was formed in the first step, by culturing the cells in carbon-source-free medium, and the final step for accumulation of P(3HV-co-4HB) in a mixed lactone medium. All the P(3HV-co-4HB) copolymers contained less than 1 mol % of 3HB unit. These copolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and first-order kinetic analysis of intracellular degradation. The copolymer with an approximately equal ratio of the comonomers was found amorphous. The NMR microstructural analysis showed that the copolymers contained appreciable amounts of 3HV-rich or 4HB-rich chains. The (13)C NMR splitting patterns associated with the four carbons in the 4HB unit of P(3HV-co-4HB) bear close resemblance to those observed in the 4HB unit of P(3HB-co-4HB). The signals arising from the carbons in the 3HV unit of P(3HV-co-4HB) split in a manner similar to those in the 3HB unit of P(3HB-co-4HB). Thus the sequences were assigned by comparing the NMR splittings for P(3HV-co-4HB) with those for P(3HB-co-4HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV). The sequence assignment was further checked by comparing the signal intensities before and after degradation of the copolymers. This was considered reasonable because the H. pseudoflava intracellular PHA depolymerase is more specific to the 3HV unit than to the 4HB unit, which was also confirmed by the higher degradation rate constant for the 3HV unit in the first-order kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Life Science at the College of Natural Sciences and Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Program) at the Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Korea
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Chung DM, Choi MH, Song JJ, Yoon SC, Kang IK, Huh NE. Intracellular degradation of two structurally different polyhydroxyalkanoic acids accumulated in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas citronellolis from mixtures of octanoic acid and 5-phenylvaleric acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2001; 29:243-50. [PMID: 11718820 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(01)00172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
From a set of mixed carbon sources, 5-phenylvaleric acid (PV) and octanoic acid (OA), polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) was separately accumulated in the two pseudomonads Pseudomonas putida BM01 and Pseudomonas citronellolis (ATCC 13674) to investigate any structural difference between the two PHA accumulated under a similar culture condition using one-step culture technique. The resulting polymers were isolated by chloroform solvent extraction and characterized by fractional precipitation and differential scanning calorimetry. The solvent fractionation analysis showed that the PHA synthesized by P. putida was separated into two fractions, 3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate (3HPV))-rich PHA fraction in the precipitate phase and 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO)-rich PHA fraction in the solution phase whereas the PHA produced by P. citronellolis exhibited a rather little compositional separation into the two phases. According to the thermal analysis, the P. putida PHA exhibited two glass transitions indicative of the PHA not being homogeneous whereas the P. citronellolis PHA exhibited only one glass transition. It was found that the structural heterogeneity of the P. putida PHA was caused by a significant difference in the assimilation rate between PV and OA. The structural heterogeneity present in the P. putida PHA was also confirmed by a first order degradation kinetics analysis of the PHA in the cells. The two different first-order degradation rate constants (k(1)), 0.087 and 0.015/h for 3HO- and 3HPV-unit, respectively, were observed in a polymer system over the first 20 h of degradation. In the later degradation period, the disappearance rate of 3HO-unit was calculated to be 0.020 h. The k(1) value of 0.083/h, almost the same as for the 3HO-unit in the P. putida PHA, was obtained for the P(3HO) accumulated in P. putida BM01 grown on OA as the only carbon source. In addition, the k(1) value of 0.015/h for the 3HPV-unit in the P. putida PHA, was also close to 0.019/h for the P(3HPV) homopolymer accumulated in P. putida BM01 grown on PV plus butyric acid. On the contrary, the k(1) values for the P. citronellolis PHA were determined to be 0.035 and 0.029/h for 3HO- and 3HPV-unit, respectively, thus these two relatively close values implying a random copolymer nature of the P. citronellolis PHA. In addition, the faster degradation of P(3HO) than P(3HPV) by the intracellular P. putida PHA depolymerase indicates that the enzyme is more specific against the aliphatic PHA than the aromatic PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Chung
- Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences at The Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, 660-701, Chinju, South Korea
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Lee HJ, Choi MH, Kim TU, Yoon SC. Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid containing large amounts of unsaturated monomers in Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07 utilizing saccharides and its inhibition by 2-bromooctanoic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:4963-74. [PMID: 11679314 PMCID: PMC93259 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.11.4963-4974.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A psychrotrophic bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07, which is able to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) containing large amounts of 3-hydroxy-cis-5-dodecenoate unit up to 35 mol% in the cell from unrelated substrates such as fructose, succinate, etc., was isolated from an activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. When it was grown on heptanoic acid (C(7)) to hexadecanoic acid (C(16)) as the sole carbon source, the monomer compositional characteristics of the synthesized PHA were similar to those observed in other fluorescent pseudomonads belonging to rRNA homology group I. However, growth on stearic acid (C(18)) led to no PHA accumulation, but instead free stearic acid was stored in the cell. The existence of the linkage between fatty acid de novo synthesis and PHA synthesis was confirmed by using inhibitors such as acrylic acid and two other compounds, 2-bromooctanoic acid and 4-pentenoic acid, which are known to inhibit beta-oxidation enzymes in animal cells. Acrylic acid completely inhibited PHA synthesis at a concentration of 4 mM in 40 mM octanoate-grown cells, but no inhibition of PHA synthesis occurred in 70 mM fructose-grown cells in the presence of 1 to 5 mM acrylic acid. 2-Bromooctanoic acid and 4-pentenoic acid were found to much inhibit PHA synthesis much more strongly in fructose-grown cells than in octanoate-grown cells over concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 mM. However, 2-bromooctanoic acid and 4-pentenoic acid did not inhibit cell growth at all in the fructose media. Especially, with the cells grown on fructose, 2-bromooctanoic acid exhibited a steep rise in the percent PHA synthesis inhibition over a small range of concentrations below 100 microM, a finding indicative of a very specific inhibition, whereas 4-pentenoic acid showed a broad, featureless concentration dependence, suggesting a rather nonspecific inhibition. The apparent inhibition constant K(i) (the concentration for 50% inhibition of PHA synthesis) for 2-bromooctanoic acid was determined to be 60 microM, assuming a single-site binding of the inhibitor at a specific inhibition site. Thus, it seems likely that a coenzyme A thioester derivative of 2-bromooctanoic acid specifically inhibits an enzyme linking the two pathways, fatty acid de novo synthesis and PHA synthesis. We suggest that 2-bromooctanoic acid can substitute for the far more expensive (2,000 times) and cell-growth-inhibiting PHA synthesis inhibitor, cerulenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Korea
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Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea in 1993 near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). We reviewed clinical features of 101 symptomatic patients with vivax malaria. Of the patients, 77 patients (76.3%) were veterans who had served near the DMZ; their median age was 23 years. The duration of the minimum latent period was > 6 months in 66.2% (51 of 77) of the patients (median, 278 days). Tertian fever developed in 69 patients (68.3%). Severe thrombocytopenia with platelet counts < 60,000/microL was common (29.6% of patients). The parasite densities ranged 32-52,127 parasites per microliter of blood (geometric mean, 1,287). The only complication was a splenic rupture in one patient. All patients responded promptly to chloroquine therapy. Our data suggest that the clinical features of reemerging vivax malaria may be similar to those of Korean vivax malaria reported in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
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33
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Inchiosa ME, In V, Bulsara AR, Wiesenfeld K, Heath T, Choi MH. Stochastic dynamics in a two-dimensional oscillator near a saddle-node bifurcation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:066114. [PMID: 11415180 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.066114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the oscillator equations describing a particular class of nonlinear amplifier, exemplified in this work by a two-junction superconducting quantum interference device. This class of dynamic system is described by a potential energy function that can admit minima (corresponding to stable solutions of the dynamic equations), or "running states" wherein the system is biased so that the potential minima disappear and the solutions display spontaneous oscillations. Just beyond the onset of the spontaneous oscillations, the system is known to show significantly enhanced sensitivity to very weak magnetic signals. The global phase space structure allows us to apply a center manifold technique to approximate analytically the oscillatory behavior just past the (saddle-node) bifurcation and compute the oscillation period, which obeys standard scaling laws. In this regime, the dynamics can be represented by an "integrate-fire" model drawn from the computational neuroscience repertoire; in fact, we obtain an "interspike interval" probability density function and an associated power spectral density (computed via Renewal theory) that agree very well with the results obtained via numerical simulations. Notably, driving the system with one or more time sinusoids produces a noise-lowering injection locking effect and/or heterodyning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Inchiosa
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center San Diego, Code D363, 49590 Lassing Road, San Diego, California 92152-6147, USA.
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Yang YS, Park DK, Kim HC, Choi MH, Chai JY. Automatic identification of human helminth eggs on microscopic fecal specimens using digital image processing and an artificial neural network. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2001; 48:718-30. [PMID: 11396601 DOI: 10.1109/10.923789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to automate routine fecal examination for parasitic diseases, we propose in this study a computer processing algorithm using digital image processing techniques and an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. The morphometric characteristics of eggs of human parasites in fecal specimens were extracted from microscopic images through digital image processing. An ANN then identified the parasite species based on those characteristics. We selected four morphometric features based on three morphological characteristics representing shape, shell smoothness, and size. A total of 82 microscopic images containing seven common human helminth eggs were used. The first stage (ANN-1) of the proposed ANN classification system isolated eggs from confusing artifacts. The second stage (ANN-2) classified eggs by species. The performance of ANN was evaluated by the tenfold cross-validation method to obviate the dependency on the selection of training samples. Cross-validation results showed 86.1% average correct classification ratio for ANN-1 and 90.3% for ANN-2 with small variances of 46.0 and 39.0, respectively. The algorithm developed will be an essential part of a completely automated fecal examination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program Biomedical Engineering Major, Seoul National University, Korea
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35
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Fox RF, Choi MH. Rectified Brownian motion and kinesin motion along microtubules. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:051901. [PMID: 11414927 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.051901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2000] [Revised: 08/21/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of rectified Brownian movement is used to analyze measured data for kinesin motion along microtubules. A key component of the mechanism is the diffusive movement of the microtubule binding heads of kinesin during the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cycle. The first-passage time distribution for this step is analyzed in detail and is shown to be responsible for observed load-velocity profiles. The ATPase activity of the kinesin heads is that of a nucleotide switch and not that of a direct chemomechanical energy converter. Experimental data acquisition, rate constants, and alternative explanations are discussed. The mechanism described in this paper is fundamental to the nanobiology of intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Fox
- School of Physics and Center for Nonlinear Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30080, USA
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36
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Choi MH, Yoo YS, Chung BC. Measurement of testosterone and pregnenolone in nails using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001; 754:495-501. [PMID: 11339293 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the determination of testosterone and pregnenolone in human nails using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with d3-testosterone as an internal standard is described. The method involves alkaline digestion and liquid-liquid extraction, with subsequent conversion to mixed pentafluoropenyldimethylsilyl-trimethylsilyl (flophemesyl-TMS) derivatives for sensitive analysis in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were lowered to 0.1 and 0.2 pg/g, respectively, when 100 mg of nail-clippings were used. The mean recoveries of testosterone and pregnenolone were 89.8 and 86.7%, respectively, while good overall precision (% C.V.; 4.5-9.5) and accuracy (% bias; 3.9-8.4) were demonstrated. Linearity as a correlation coefficient was 0.9913 (testosterone) and 0.9965 (pregnenolone). When applied to fingernail and toenail samples from seven healthy men and nine healthy women, testosterone and pregnenolone were positively detected in the concentration range of 0.24-5.80 ng/g. The levels of two steroids studied in the nails were found to be higher in the male subjects than in the female subjects, and except for the toenails of the females, the levels of testosterone were higher than those of pregnenolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
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Choi MH, Lee CK, Jeong LS, Chun MW, Kim HD. Novel nucleosides with vinyl fluoride or vinyl bromide moiety as open-chain analogs of neplanocin A. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:681-4. [PMID: 11563091 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Novel nucleosides with vinyl fluoride and vinyl bromide were designed, synthesized and evaluated their antiviral activities against poliovirus, HSV, HIV, and HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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Kim JY, Choi MH, Kim SJ, Kyong JB, Chung BC. GC-MS characterization of urinary metabolites and changes of ethisterone and testosterone profile after oral administration of danazol in equine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2001; 24:147-53. [PMID: 11442791 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Racing Laboratory, Korea Racing Association, Kyonggi, Korea
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Abstract
An improved screening method was developed for 3'-hydroxystanozolol and its 17-epimer in human urine involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with N-isobutyloxycarbonyl (isoBOC) and O-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization. A procedure was reported previously for the pentane extraction of many steroids from urine in doping control, but it was not suitable for the detection of stanozolol metabolites. Compared with the n-pentane extraction method, which gave a poor recovery (< 10%), isoBOC extraction resulted in a good recovery (> 80%). The sensitivity and specificity of mixed N-isoBOC-O-TMS derivatization were adequate for the detection of 3'-hydroxystanozolol and its 17-epimer when 3 ml of urine was used with spiking at a level of 2 ng ml-1. When applied to a stanozolol-positive urine sample, the proposed method allowed rapid and sensitive screening for the detection of 3'-hydroxystanozolol and its 17-epimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, KIST, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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Chai JY, Lee HS, Hong SJ, Yoo JH, Guk SM, Seo M, Choi MH, Lee SH. Intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi in experimentally infected mice. Korean J Parasitol 2001; 39:31-41. [PMID: 11301588 PMCID: PMC2721063 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) were studied using C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice as experimental hosts; the effects of immunosuppression were also observed. The metacercariae isolated from naturally infected oysters, 300 or 1,000 in number, were infected orally to each mouse, and the mice were killed at days 3-21 post-infection (PI). In immunocompetent (IC) mice, only a small number of flukes were found in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum during days 3-7 PI, with their large oral suckers pinching and sucking the root of villi. The intestinal mucosa showed mild villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammations in the villous stroma and crypt, with remarkable goblet cell hyperplasia. These mucosal changes were almost restored after days 14-21 PI. In immunosuppressed (IS) mice, displacement as well as complete loss of villi adjacent to the flukes was frequently encountered, otherwise the histopathology was generally mild, with minimal goblet cell hyperplasia. In these mice, numerous flukes were found, and it seemed that they were actively moving and rotating in situ. Several flukes were found to have invaded into the submucosa, almost facing the serosa. These results indicate that in IC mice the intestinal histopathology caused by G. seoi is generally mild, and the flukes do not penetrate beyond the mucosa, however, in IS mice, the flukes can cause severe destruction of neighboring villi, and some of them invade into the submucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chai
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Kim B, Lim HK, Choi MH, Woo JY, Ryu J, Kim S, Peck KR. Detection of parenchymal abnormalities in acute pyelonephritis by pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without microbubble ultrasonographic contrast agent: correlation with computed tomography. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20:5-14. [PMID: 11149528 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2001.20.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without microbubble ultrasonographic contrast agent in depicting renal parenchymal changes in acute pyelonephritis. The study population included 30 patients with acute pyelonephritis and 10 healthy volunteers. Pulse inversion harmonic imaging with or without contrast agent was compared with conventional ultrasonography and tissue harmonic imaging in terms of detection and conspicuity of renal abnormalities. The detection and conspicuity of renal parenchymal abnormalities in acute pyelonephritis on tissue harmonic imaging, pulse inversion harmonic imaging, and contrast-enhanced pulse inversion harmonic imaging were significantly better than those on conventional ultrasonography. In 2 of 10 healthy volunteers all 4 techniques yielded false-positive diagnoses of parenchymal abnormalities. In conclusion, tissue harmonic imaging and pulse inversion harmonic imaging are sensitive techniques for depicting renal parenchymal lesions in acute pyelonephritis. Despite relatively lower specificities and negative predictive values, these techniques are thought to be useful for the depiction of subtle parenchymal changes in acute pyelonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi MH, Kim KR, Kim YT, Chung BC. Increased polyamine concentrations in the hair of cancer patients. Clin Chem 2001; 47:143-4. [PMID: 11148195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Abstract
In establishing a theory to predict male-pattern baldness, we investigated the correlation of testosterone, epitestosterone, and dihydrotestosterone with 5alpha-reductase in hair using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One hundred milligram hair samples were obtained from a group of balding subjects and their sons, as well as from a corresponding aged-matched, nonbalding group. The ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone was significantly greater (mean 46.41, p < 0.001; mean 35.83, p < 0.001, respectively) in the hair of balding fathers (n = 19, age 28-50 y) and their sons (n = 16, age 8-16 y) than in the hair of the nonbalding control subjects (mean 9.17 and 10.47, respectively). These findings demonstrate that analysis of terminal hair may not only provide a basis for predicting baldness when the subject is still young, but also for preventing and treating male-pattern baldness by controlling the steroid hormone balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, KIST, Seoul, Korea
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Choi MH, Kim KR, Chung BC. Determination of hair polyamines as N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-pentafluoropropionyl derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2000; 897:295-305. [PMID: 11128213 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method is described for the simultaneous determination of hair polyamines, such as 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The method is based on the extractive two-phase ethoxycarbonyl (EOC) reaction of amino functions in aqueous solutions combined with subsequent pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatization of the remaining active hydrogen atoms for the direct analysis by GC-SIM-MS. The detection limits for SIM of the polyamines as N-EOC-N-PFP derivatives ranged from 1 to 10 ng/g hair, while their recovery rates varied in the range of 76.42-93.38%. This method demonstrated a good overall accuracy (% bias) and precision (% C.V.) as 3.32-11.05% and 5.88-14.71%, respectively. When applied to 0.6 M HCl extracts of hair samples from 11 healthy men and 19 healthy women, all five polyamines were positively detected at the concentrations of 8.82-871.87 ng/g. Both in median and mean concentrations, the most abundant hair polyamine was spermidine, followed by spermine, putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane and cadaverine in the male group, while the order of 1,3-diaminopropane and cadaverine was reversed in the female group. The levels of polyamines, except for cadaverine, in hair specimens studied were found to be higher in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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Chai JY, Shin EH, Han ET, Guk SM, Choi MH, Lee SH. Genetic difference in susceptibility and fatality of three strains of mice experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. J Parasitol 2000; 86:1140-4. [PMID: 11128496 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1140:gdisaf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic influence on host susceptibility to Neodiplostomum seoulense infection and fatality of the host was studied in 3 inbred strains of mice (BALB/c [H-2d], C3H/He [H-2k], and C57BL/6 [H-2b]). The survival of the mice, worm expulsion kinetics, worm size, number of eggs produced per day (EPD), and number of uterine eggs were observed from day 1 to day 40 postinfection (PI) with 100 or 200 metacercariae per mouse. Infection with N. seoulense was highly lethal to all 3 strains of mice, but the lethality was dose-dependent and varied according to the genetic backgrounds of the mice. The C3H/He mice exhibited the highest mortality, the lowest worm burdens and EPD, and the quickest expulsion of worms. It is suggested that different genetic backgrounds of mice appear to affect the host's capacity to expel N. seoulense and the fatality of the hosts themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chai
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Choi MH, Chung BS, Chung YB, Yu JR, Cho SR, Hong ST. Purification of a 68-kDa cysteine proteinase from crude extract of Pneumocystis carinii. Korean J Parasitol 2000; 38:159-66. [PMID: 11002651 PMCID: PMC2721195 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study intended to verify activities of cysteine proteinase of Pneumocystis carinii from rats and to purify the enzyme. In order to exclude the contamination of host-derived enzymes, concentrates of P. carinii was primarily treated with a mixture of proteinase inhibitors before lysis of P. carinii. A 68-kDa cysteine proteinase was finally purified from the crude extract of P. carinii by 4 sequential chromatographic methods. The enzyme showed an optimal activity at pH 5.5 in 0.1 M sodium acetate, and its activity was specifically inhibited by L-trans-epoxy-succinylleucylamido (4-guanidino) butane (E-64) and iodoacetic acid, suggesting that the enzyme is a cysteine proteinase. The 68-kDa proteinase weakly digested macromolecules such as collagen, hemoglobin and fibronectin. The present study demonstrated the activity of cysteine proteinase at the 68-kDa band of P. carinii, and purified and characterized the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
Penile fracture is a rare but serious urologic condition that typically requires surgical repair. Because of its multiplanar capability and excellent tissue contrast, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with acute penile fracture. MR imaging can accurately depict the presence, location, and extent of tunical tear, which manifests as discontinuity of the tunica albuginea. Moreover, because the tunica albuginea is well demonstrated as a low-signal-intensity structure on both T1- and T2-weighted images, MR imaging is optimal for the evaluation of the integrity of this anatomic structure even in patients with severe pain and swelling of the penis. This capability makes MR imaging particularly helpful in determining the need for surgical intervention, which is largely based on the integrity of the tunica albuginea. Associated injuries to adjacent structures (eg, corpus spongiosum, urethra) can also be demonstrated. In patients with no penile fracture, MR imaging can demonstrate an intact tunica albuginea and the presence of intracavernosal or extratunical hematoma. It remains uncertain whether the routine use of contrast material-enhanced MR imaging is justified, and further study is needed to determine the role of this modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
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Chai JY, Lee GC, Park YK, Han ET, Seo M, Kim J, Guk SM, Shin EH, Choi MH, Lee SH. Persistent endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a southwestern coastal village of Korea with special reference to its egg laying capacity in the human host. Korean J Parasitol 2000; 38:51-7. [PMID: 10905065 PMCID: PMC2721113 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Follow-up studies have been conducted every three years on the endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a small coastal village of Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, since it was first known as an endemic area in 1994. Special attention was given to its egg laying capacity in the human host. In fecal examinations, the overall helminth egg and/or cyst positive rate was 78.7% (74/94) in 1997 and 76.6% (82/107) in 2000. Among them G. seoi eggs showed the highest rate; 71.3% (67/94) in 1997 and 72.0% (77/107) in 2000. The average number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was 1,015 in 1997, while a reduced rate of 353 was observed in 2000. In 1997, total of 320,677 adult flukes of G. seoi (av. 10,344/person, 94-69,125 in range) were collected from the diarrheic stools of 31 treated patients. The EPG/worm obtained from 21 cases ranged from 0.04 to 0.77 (av. 0.23), suggesting density-dependent constraints on the worm fecundity. The relationship between the worm burden (X) and EPG/worm (Y) can be expressed as Y = 0.42.e-1.2 chi (r = 0.49). The results showed that G. seoi infection is persistently endemic in this village.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chai
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
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Abstract
A 17 kDa protein from Clonorchis sinensis adults was purified by a procedure including Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration and Q-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography. The protein was proved to be a cysteine protease as it showed hydrolytic activity toward Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC in the presence of dithiothreitol and was inhibited by specific inhibitors such as iodoacetic acid or trans epoxy-succinly-L-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino) butane. The polyclonal antibody raised against the protein reacted to 17 kDa proteins of trematodes such as Paragonimus westermani, Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis viverrini, Gymnophalloides seoi, and Metagonimus yokogawai. The antibody recognized the 17 kDa and 16 kDa cysteine proteases purified from C. sinensis, P. westermani, and G. seoi as well. These results suggest that the 17 kDa protein may be a cysteine protease commonly present in trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Chung
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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