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Wei E, Hu M, Wu L, Pan X, Zhu Q, Liu H, Liu Y. TGF-β signaling regulates differentiation of MSCs in bone metabolism: disputes among viewpoints. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38816830 PMCID: PMC11140988 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into cells of different lineages to form mesenchymal tissues, which are promising in regard to treatment for bone diseases. Their osteogenic differentiation is under the tight regulation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an essential growth factor in bone metabolism, which regulates the differentiation of MSCs. However, published studies differ in their views on whether TGF-β signaling regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs positively or negatively. The controversial results have not been summarized systematically and the related explanations are required. Therefore, we reviewed the basics of TGF-β signaling and summarized how each of three isoforms regulates osteogenic differentiation. Three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1/β2/β3) play distinct roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Additionally, other possible sources of conflicts are summarized here. Further understanding of TGF-β signaling regulation in MSCs may lead to new applications to promote bone regeneration and improve therapies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Menglong Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Likun Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xingtong Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Qiyue Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Hiew VV, Teoh PL. Differential gene expression of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells mediated by graphene oxide in basal and osteo-induced media. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:383. [PMID: 38433142 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide (GO) is widespread in scaffold engineering owing to its extraordinary properties such as multiple oxygen functional groups, high hydrophilicity ability and biocompatibility. It is known to promote differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, but concomitant comparison of its modulation on the expression profiles of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSC surface markers, lineage differentiation, and epigenetic regulatory genes in basal and induced condition are still lacking. Unraveling the fundamental mechanisms is essential for the effective utilization of WJ-MSCs incorporated with GO in therapy. This study aims to explore the unique gene expression profiles and epigenetic characteristics of WJ-MSCs influenced by GO. METHODS AND RESULTS The characterized GO-coated coverslip served as a substrate for culturing WJ-MSCs. In addition to investigating the impact of GO on cell proliferation and differentiation, we conducted a gene expression study using PCR array, while epigenetic control was assessed through bisulfite sequencing and Western blot analysis. Our findings indicate that the presence of GO maintained the proliferation and survival of WJ-MSCs. In the absence of induction, GO led to minor lipid and glycosaminoglycan deposition in WJ-MSCs. This was evidenced by the sustained expression of pluripotency and lineage-specific genes, demethylation at the OCT4 promoter, and a decrease in H3K9 methylation. In osteo-induced condition, the occurrence of osteogenesis appeared to be guided by BMP/TGF and ERK pathway activation, accompanied by the upregulation of osteogenic-related genes and downregulation of DNMT3b. CONCLUSIONS GO in osteo-induced condition create a favorable microenvironment that promotes the osteogenesis of WJ-MSCs by influencing genetic and epigenetic controls. This helps in advancing our knowledge on the use of GO as priming platform and WJ-MSCs an alternate source for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vun Vun Hiew
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Wu M, Wu S, Chen W, Li YP. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:101-123. [PMID: 38267638 PMCID: PMC10837209 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Wahba MAWA, El-Gazzar NM, Elsharaby RM, Tabra SA. DKK-1 in psoriatic arthritis: Correlation with disease activity and enthesopathy. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2024; 20:14-19. [PMID: 38233008 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex inflammatory disease with varied clinical characteristics. A pathognomonic characteristic of PsA is enthesitis. Entheseal inflammation ultimately leads to the production of new bone (enthesophytes). Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) is a wingless (Wnt) inhibitor that inhibits osteoblast function. OBJECTIVES Assessment of the serum level of DKK-1 and its association with disease activity and enthesopathy in PsA patients. METHODS This observational case-control study included 50 PsA patients and 50 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. All participants were subjected to full medical history, clinical assessment, PSA activity using Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score, the severity and extent of psoriasis were determined by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Ultrasonographic assessment of the entheses was done in accordance with the Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI). Serum level of DKK-1 and correlation with disease activity and enthesopathy in PsA patients were assessed. RESULTS There was no significant difference between patients and controls regarding age and sex. The mean value of SPARCC index, DAPSA score and PASI score were 6.74±4.58, 33.24±15.26, and 8.35±10.93, respectively. There was significant difference between patients and controls regarding the serum levels of DKK-1 and MASEI score (p<0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum DKK-1 and MASEI (r: 0.43527, p: 0.00158), MASEI inflammatory (r: 0.37958, p: 0.00655), and MASEI damage (r: 0.38384, p: 0.00593). CONCLUSIONS Serum DKK-1 levels were elevated in PsA patients and were found to be correlated with MASEI score for enthesopathy.
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Nasir NJN, Arifin N, Noordin KBA, Yusop N. Bone repair and key signalling pathways for cell-based bone regenerative therapy: A review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1350-1363. [PMID: 37305024 PMCID: PMC10248876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell-based regenerative therapy create new opportunities for the treatment of bone-related disorders and injuries, by improving the reparative phase of bone healing. Apart from the classical approach of bone grafting, the application of cell-based therapies, particularly stem cells (SCs), has gained a lot of attention in recent years. SCs play an important role in regenerative therapy due to their excellent ability to differentiate into bone-forming cells. Regeneration of new bone is regulated by a wide variety of signalling molecules and intracellular networks, which are responsible for coordinating cellular processes. The activated signalling cascade is significantly involved in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and interaction with the microenvironment and other types of cells within the healing site. Despite the increasing evidence from studies conducted on signalling pathways associated with bone formation, the exact mechanism involved in controlling the differentiation stage of transplanted cells is not well understood. Identifying the key activated pathways involved in bone regeneration may allow for precise manipulation of the relevant signalling molecules within the progenitor cell population to accelerate the healing process. The in-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms would be advantageous in improving the efficiency of personalised medicine and targeted therapy in regenerative medicine. In this review, we briefly introduce the theory of bone repair mechanism and bone tissue engineering followed by an overview of relevant signalling pathways that have been identified to play an important role in cell-based bone regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Julia N. Nasir
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Bariah A.A. Noordin
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Yusop
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Nam B, Jo S, Bang SY, Park Y, Shin JH, Park YS, Lee S, Joo KB, Kim TH. Clinical and genetic factors associated with radiographic damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:527-532. [PMID: 36543524 PMCID: PMC10086301 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify clinical and genetic factors associated with severe radiographic damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS We newly generated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data (833K) for 444 patients with AS. The severity of radiographic damage was assessed using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). To identify clinical and genetic factors associated with severe radiographic damage, multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Human AS-osteoprogenitor and control-osteoprogenitor cells were used for functional validation. RESULTS The significant clinical factors of final mSASSS were baseline mSASSS (β=0.796, p=3.22×10-75), peripheral joint arthritis (β=-0.246, p=6.85×10-6), uveitis (β=0.157, p=1.95×10-3), and smoking (β=0.130, p=2.72×10-2) after adjusting for sex, age and disease duration. After adjusting significant clinical factors, the Ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) gene was associated with severe radiographic damage (p=1.00×10-6). For pathway analysis, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was associated with severe radiographic damage in AS (p=2.21×10-4, false discovery rate=0.040). Treatment with rhodamine B, a ligand of RYR3, dose-dependently induced matrix mineralisation of AS osteoprogenitors. However, the rhodamine B-induced accelerated matrix mineralisation was not definitive in control osteoprogenitors. Knockdown of RYR3 inhibited matrix mineralisation in SaOS2 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This study identified clinical and genetic factors that contributed to better understanding of the pathogenesis and biology associated with radiographic damage in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Nam
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Young Bang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngho Park
- Department of Big Data Application College of Smart Convergence, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hui Shin
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Joo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, South Korea
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Progress of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030483. [PMID: 36979418 PMCID: PMC10046187 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, one of the serious health diseases, involves bone mass loss, bone density diminishing, and degeneration of bone microstructure, which is accompanied by a tendency toward bone fragility and a predisposition to fracture. More than 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, and the cost of treating osteoporotic fractures is expected to reach at least $25 billion by 2025. The generation and development of osteoporosis are regulated by genetic factors and regulatory factors such as TGF-β, BMP, and FGF through multiple pathways, including the Wnt signaling pathway, the Notch signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Among them, the Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways. It is not only involved in bone development and metabolism but also in the differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Dkk-1 and SOST are Wnt inhibitory proteins that can inhibit the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and block the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Therefore, they may serve as potential targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we analyzed the mechanisms of Wnt proteins, β-catenin, and signaling molecules in the process of signal transduction and summarized the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and bone-related cells. We hope to attract attention to the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis and offer new perspectives and approaches to making a diagnosis and giving treatment for osteoporosis.
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Hu H, Guo X, Mu T, Song H. Long non-coding RNA telomerase RNA elements improve glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by EZH2 to regulate DKK1. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:638-647. [PMID: 36789537 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is the most common secondary cause of osteoporosis, which increases the risk of fracture. Long non-coding RNA telomerase RNA elements (TERC) has been proven to be closely related to osteoporosis. However, the role of TERC in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS The in vitro model of osteoporosis was established after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were exposed to dexamethasone (DEX). The cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules of BMSCs were evaluated. The messenger RNA and protein levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The interaction between TERC, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and dickkopf-1 (DKK1) was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, identified and induced osteogenic differentiation. The findings showed that the levels of osteogenic marker genes, including ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) in BMSCs were increased dependent on the osteogenic induction time. Similarly, TERC was significantly increased, but DKK1 was significantly decreased during BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Functional research showed that TERC overexpression promoted cell viability, ALP activity and mineralized nodules of BMSCs and increased the levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes (ALP, RUNX2 and OCN), and TERC overexpression increased EZH2 protein level. Moreover, the decrease of cell viability, ALP activity and mineralized nodules induced by DEX was reversed by TERC overexpression. Furthermore, TERC inhibited DKK1 expression by promoting the histone modification of DKK1, and TERC overexpression alleviated DEX suppressed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by interaction with EZH2 to regulate DKK1. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrated that TERC overexpression alleviated DEX-induced osteoporosis by recruiting EZH2 to regulate DKK1. Our research provided a novel direction for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingting Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Huifang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Singhatanadgit W, Olsen I, Young A. ICAM-1-mediated osteoblast-T lymphocyte direct interaction increases mineralization through TGF-β1 suppression. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:420-433. [PMID: 36602898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of osteoblast functions by T lymphocytes is important in inflammation-associated mineralized tissue diseases. The study aimed to determine whether direct interaction between these two cell types affects osteoblast functions and mineralization. The results showed that direct contact between the two cell types was evident by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Under osteogenic induction, higher hydroxyapatite precipitation was observed in cocultures with direct contact with T lymphocytes compared with that by osteoblasts cultured alone. Cocultures without direct cell contact caused a decrease in mineralization. Direct cell contact also upregulated intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and simultaneously downregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in osteoblasts. However, the downregulation of TGF-β1 was reversed by ICAM-1 blocking. Exogenously added TGF-β1 in cocultures with direct cell contact suppressed mineralization. In conclusion, studies are consistent with ICAM-1-mediated direct contact between osteoblasts and T lymphocytes increasing mineralization via downregulation of TGF-β1 in osteoblasts in vitro. This suggests a possible unexpected, but crucial, role of T lymphocytes in enhancing matrix mineralization during the repair process in vivo. The study identifies ICAM-1/TGF-β1 as possible novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-associated mineralized tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Singhatanadgit
- Research Unit in Mineralized Tissue Reconstruction and Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Irwin Olsen
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne Young
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus Promote Osteoblastogenesis and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis against Osteoporosis via Acting on Osteoblast-Osteoclast Communication. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7212642. [PMID: 36760348 PMCID: PMC9904896 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7212642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) play important roles in bone formation and bone resorption, which can communicate with each other through cytokine paracrine. Previous studies have confirmed that Epimedii Folium (EF) and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) used alone or in combination can treat osteoporosis (OP) through regulating bone remodeling, but the effects of EF and LLF on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and OB-OC communication are unclear. In this study, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of EF and LLF on OBs and OCs via monoculture and coculture (transwell) models of OBs and OCs. We found that the combination of EF and LLF (EF&LLF) could promote osteoblastogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis directly and indirectly. In order to study the mechanisms of EF&LLF on indirectly regulating osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, we detected the expression of cytokines by which OBs and OCs could communicate with each other. We found that EF&LLF could downregulate the expression of RANKL and M-CSF and the protein ratio of RANKL/OPG of OBs and Atp6v0d2 expression of OCs and upregulate the expression of OPG and TGF-β1 of OBs and the expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2, and IGF-1 of OCs, indicating that EF&LLF could regulate cytokine expressions of OBs/OCs to affect OB-OC communication. In addition, EF&LLF had a better effect on regulating cytokines of OBs and OCs than EF or LLF in single use. This study suggested that EF&LLF exhibited the effects of promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via acting on OB-OC communication and provided some scientific evidences for EF&LLF against OP.
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Park H, Jo S, Jang MA, Choi SH, Kim TH. Dikkopf-1 promotes matrix mineralization of osteoblasts by regulating Ca +-CAMK2A- CREB1 pathway. BMB Rep 2022; 55:627-632. [PMID: 36229414 PMCID: PMC9813425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein that acts as an antagonist of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, which regulates osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of DKK1 on osteoblast differentiation has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we investigate the functional role of DKK1 on osteoblast differentiation. Primary osteoprogenitor cells were isolated from human spinal bone tissues. To examine the role of DKK1 in osteoblast differentiation, we manipulated the expression of DKK1, and the cells were differentiated into mature osteoblasts. DKK1 overexpression in osteoprogenitor cells promoted matrix mineralization of osteoblast differentiation but did not promote matrix maturation. DKK1 increased Ca+ influx and activation of the Ca+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II Alpha (CAMK2A)-cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) and increased translocation of p-CREB1 into the nucleus. In contrast, stable DKK1 knockdown in human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS2 exhibited reduced nuclear translocation of p-CREB1 and matrix mineralization. Overall, we suggest that manipulating DKK1 regulates the matrix mineralization of osteoblasts by Ca+-CAMK2A-CREB1, and DKK1 is a crucial gene for bone mineralization of osteoblasts. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 627-632].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea,Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-2290-9245; Fax: +82-2-2290-9253; E-mail:
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Park H, Jo S, Jang MA, Choi SH, Kim TH. Dikkopf-1 promotes matrix mineralization of osteoblasts by regulating Ca +-CAMK2A- CREB1 pathway. BMB Rep 2022; 55:627-632. [PMID: 36229414 PMCID: PMC9813425 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein that acts as an antagonist of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, which regulates osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of DKK1 on osteoblast differentiation has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we investigate the functional role of DKK1 on osteoblast differentiation. Primary osteoprogenitor cells were isolated from human spinal bone tissues. To examine the role of DKK1 in osteoblast differentiation, we manipulated the expression of DKK1, and the cells were differentiated into mature osteoblasts. DKK1 overexpression in osteoprogenitor cells promoted matrix mineralization of osteoblast differentiation but did not promote matrix maturation. DKK1 increased Ca+ influx and activation of the Ca+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II Alpha (CAMK2A)-cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) and increased translocation of p-CREB1 into the nucleus. In contrast, stable DKK1 knockdown in human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS2 exhibited reduced nuclear translocation of p-CREB1 and matrix mineralization. Overall, we suggest that manipulating DKK1 regulates the matrix mineralization of osteoblasts by Ca+-CAMK2A-CREB1, and DKK1 is a crucial gene for bone mineralization of osteoblasts. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 627-632].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
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13
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Bai Y, Liu X, Li J, Wang Z, Guo Q, Xiao M, Cooper PR, Yu Q, He W. Stage-Dependent Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Odontogenic Differentiation by Transforming Growth Factor- β1. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2361376. [PMID: 36338026 PMCID: PMC9629931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2361376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important multifunctional cytokine with dual effects on stem cell differentiation. However, the role of TGF-β1 on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remains to be entirely elucidated. In the present study, we initially investigated the effect of TGF-β1 at a range of concentrations (0.1-5 ng/mL) on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of DPSCs. Subsequently, to determine the effect of TGF-β1 on odontogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining assays at different concentrations and time points were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to determine the levels of odonto-/osteo-genic differentiation-related gene and protein expression, respectively. For in vivo studies, newly formed tissue was assessed by Masson's trichrome and von Kossa staining. Data indicated that TGF-β1 inhibited DPSCs proliferation in a concentration-and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05) and induced cell cycle arrest but did not affect apoptosis. ALP activity was enhanced, while ARS reduced gradually with increasing TGF-β1 concentrations, accompanied by increased expression of early marker genes of odonto-/osteo-genic differentiation and decreased expression of late-stage mineralization marker genes (p < 0.05). ALP expression was elevated in the TGF-β1-treatment group until 14 days, and the intensity of ARS staining was attenuated at days 14 and 21 (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, abundant collagen but no mineralized tissues were observed in the TGF-β1-treatment group in vivo. Overall, these findings indicate that TGF-β1 promotes odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs at early-stage while inhibiting later-stage mineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, 89 Wu-jiang Dong Road, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, 145 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
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14
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Lu Q, Xu J, Jiang H, Wei Q, Huang R, Huang G. The bone-protective mechanisms of active components from TCM drugs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000865. [PMID: 36386147 PMCID: PMC9641143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease whose hallmarks are synovial inflammation and irreversible bone destruction. Bone resorption resulting from osteoclasts involves the whole immune and bone systems. Breakdown of bone remodeling is attributed to overactive immune cells that produce large quantities of cytokines, upregulated differentiation of osteoclasts with enhanced resorptive activities, suppressed differentiation of osteoblasts, invading fibroblasts and microbiota dysbiosis. Despite the mitigation of inflammation, the existing treatment in Western medicine fails to prevent bone loss during disease progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years in RA treatment, showing great efficacy in bone preservation. The complex components from the decoctions and prescriptions exhibit various pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the research progress that has been made in terms of the bone-protective effect of some representative compounds from TCM drugs and proposes the substantial mechanisms involved in bone metabolism to provide some clues for future studies. These active components systemically suppress bone destruction via inhibiting joint inflammation, osteoclast differentiation, and fibroblast proliferation. Neutrophil, gut microenvironment and microRNA has been proposed as future focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuzhu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangrui Huang, ; Runyue Huang,
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangrui Huang, ; Runyue Huang,
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15
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Skeletal Pathology and Degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6948367. [PMID: 36203882 PMCID: PMC9532118 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6948367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial in regulating a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 is the most critical molecule in the UPS system. Dysregulation of the UPS system is associated with many conditions. Over the past few decades, there have been an increasing number of studies focusing on the UPS system and how it affects bone metabolism. Multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been found to mediate osteogenesis or osteolysis through a variety of pathways. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of UPS, especially E3 ubiquitin ligases on bone metabolism. To date, many E3 ubiquitin ligases have been found to regulate osteogenesis or osteoclast differentiation. We review the classification of these E3 enzymes and the mechanisms that influence upstream and downstream molecules and transduction pathways. Finally, this paper reviews the discovery of the relevant UPS inhibitors, drug molecules, and noncoding RNAs so far and prospects the future research and treatment.
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16
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Xu K, Chu Y, Liu Q, Fan W, He H, Huang F. NEDD4 E3 Ligases: Functions and Mechanisms in Bone and Tooth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179937. [PMID: 36077334 PMCID: PMC9455957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a precisely controlled enzymatic cascade reaction belonging to the post-translational modification of proteins. In this process, E3 ligases catalyze the binding of ubiquitin (Ub) to protein substrates and define specificity. The neuronally expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 (NEDD4) subfamily, belonging to the homology to E6APC terminus (HECT) class of E3 ligases, has recently emerged as an essential determinant of multiple cellular processes in different tissues, including bone and tooth. Here, we place special emphasis on the regulatory role of the NEDD4 subfamily in the molecular and cell biology of osteogenesis. We elucidate in detail the specific roles, downstream substrates, and upstream regulatory mechanisms of the NEDD4 subfamily. Further, we provide an overview of the involvement of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases in the development, repair, and regeneration of another mineralized tissue—tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510008, China
| | - Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510008, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510008, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510008, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510008, China
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (F.H.)
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17
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Hu Y, Cui J, Liu H, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Guo J, Cao L, Chen X, Xu K, Su J. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of subchondral bone cell heterogeneity in the development of osteoarthritis. RMD Open 2022. [PMCID: PMC9462384 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular composition and underlying spatiotemporal transformation processes of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. Herein, various cell subsets from tibial plateau of patients with OA are identified, and the mechanism of subchondral microstructure alteration is elaborated using single-cell RNA sequencing technique. We identified two novel endothelial cell (EC) populations characterised by either exosome synthesis and inflammation response or vascular function and angiogenesis. Three osteoblast (OB) subtypes are introduced, separately related to vascularisation, matrix manufacturing and matrix mineralisation. The distinct roles and functions of these novel phenotypes in OA development are further discussed as well as interaction network between these subpopulations. The variation tendency of each population is testified in a destabilisation of the medial meniscus mouse model. The identification of cell types demonstrates a novel taxonomy and mechanism for ECs and OBs inside subchondral bone area provides new insights into the physiological and pathological behaviours of subchondral bone in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liehu Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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Lind T, Melo FR, Gustafson AM, Sundqvist A, Zhao XO, Moustakas A, Melhus H, Pejler G. Mast Cell Chymase Has a Negative Impact on Human Osteoblasts. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:1-19. [PMID: 35908613 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells have been linked to osteoporosis and bone fractures, and in a previous study we found that mice lacking a major mast cell protease, chymase, develop increased diaphyseal bone mass. These findings introduce the possibility that mast cell chymase can regulate bone formation, but the underlying mechanism(s) has not previously been investigated. Here we hypothesized that chymase might exert such effects through a direct negative impact on osteoblasts, i.e., the main bone-building cells. Indeed, we show that chymase has a distinct impact on human primary osteoblasts. Firstly, chymase was shown to have pronounced effects on the morphological features of osteoblasts, including extensive cell contraction and actin reorganization. Chymase also caused a profound reduction in the output of collagen from the osteoblasts, and was shown to degrade osteoblast-secreted fibronectin and to activate pro-matrix metallopeptidase-2 released by the osteoblasts. Further, chymase was shown to have a preferential impact on the gene expression, protein output and phosphorylation status of TGFβ-associated signaling molecules. A transcriptomic analysis was conducted and revealed a significant effect of chymase on several genes of importance for bone metabolism, including a reduction in the expression of osteoprotegerin, which was confirmed at the protein level. Finally, we show that chymase interacts with human osteoblasts and is taken up by the cells. Altogether, the present findings provide a functional link between mast cell chymase and osteoblast function, and can form the basis for a further evaluation of chymase as a potential target for intervention in metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lind
- Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fabio Rabelo Melo
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Gustafson
- Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundqvist
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xinran O Zhao
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
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BMP-2 Long-Term Stimulation of Human Pre-Osteoblasts Induces Osteogenic Differentiation and Promotes Transdifferentiation and Bone Remodeling Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063077. [PMID: 35328498 PMCID: PMC8949995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein (BMP-) 2 plays an important role in the regeneration of bone defects by promoting osteogenic differentiation. However, several animal studies have reported adverse side effects of BMP-2, including osteoclast activation, induction of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPARG)expression, and inflammation. High BMP-2 concentrations are thought to be responsible for these side effects. For this reason, primary pre-osteoblasts were exposed to lower BMP-2 concentrations (1 and 2 µg/mL). Long-term exposure (up to 28 days) was performed to investigate whether this stimulation protocol may promote osteogenic differentiation without causing the side effects mentioned above. The results showed that BMP-2 treatment for 14 or 28 days resulted in increased osteogenesis, through an increase in runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and integrin-binding sialoprotein expression. However, an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand protein levels was observed after BMP-2 exposure, indicating also an increased potential for osteoclast activation by osteoblasts. Additionally, morphological changes like intracellular, filled vacuoles could be detected. Enhanced PPARG and perilipin 1 mRNA transcripts and lipid droplets indicated an induced adipogenic differentiation. Overall, the data demonstrate that long-term BMP-2 exposure promotes not only osteogenic differentiation but also adipogenesis and regulates mediators involved in osteoclast activation in vitro.
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20
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Kwon SR. The Long, Dynamic Journey to the Elucidation of the Links Between Inflammation, Ectopic Bone Formation, and Wnt Signaling in Ankylosing Spondylitis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2022; 29:1-3. [PMID: 37476699 PMCID: PMC10324921 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2022.29.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryul Kwon
- Rheumatism Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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21
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Jo S, Nam B, Lee YL, Park H, Weon S, Choi SH, Park YS, Kim TH. The TNF-NF-kB-DKK1 Axis Promoted Bone Formation in the Enthesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2021; 28:216-224. [PMID: 37476360 PMCID: PMC10324906 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2021.28.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the serum Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) levels in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and decipher the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated DKK1 regulation in human AS enthesis cells. Methods The sera were obtained from 103 patients with AS and 30 healthy controls (HCs) The enthesis of facet joints were obtained from 4 AS patients and 5 controls The serum levels of DKK1 were measured using ELISA and compared between AS and HCs The impact of TNF on DKK1 expression in human primary spinal enthesis cells was evaluated using various molecular biology techniques and bone formation indicators. Results AS patients showed higher serum DKK1 levels than HCs after adjusting for age (9174 [6153∼1,3100] pg/mL vs 8262 [6703∼9278] pg/mL, p=0043) TNF treatment promoted bone formation and DKK1 expression in both control enthesis cells and those of AS This enhanced bone formation by TNF was pronounced in AS-enthesis than those of controls Mechanically, TNF induced NF-kB activation upregulates the DKK1 transcript level While, NF-kB inhibitor led to downregulate DKK1 expression in the enthesis Besides, DKK1 overexpression promoted bone formation in enthesis. Conclusion TNF induced DKK1 expression in the enthesis through NF-kB activation TNF-induced DKK1 expression may play a bone formation in the radiologic progression of ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lim Lee
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyosun Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subin Weon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Effect of Muscle Cell Preservation on Viability and Differentiation of Hamstring Tendon Graft In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040740. [PMID: 33801626 PMCID: PMC8065441 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle tissue is often removed during hamstring tendon graft preparation for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of the study was to test whether preservation of muscle remnants on a tendon graft is beneficial to the graft healing process following ACL reconstruction. Co-culturing of tendon-derived cells (TDCs) and muscle-derived cells (MDCs) was performed at various ratios, and their potential for cell viability and multilineage differentiation was compared to a single TDC cell group. Ligamentous and chondrogenic differentiation was most enhanced when a small population of MDCs was co-cultured with TDCs (6:2 co-culture group). Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were proportionally enhanced with increasing MDC population size. MDCs co-cultured with TDCs possess both the ability to enhance cell viability and differentiate into other cell lineages.
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