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Patil M, Casari I, Warne LN, Falasca M. G protein-coupled receptors driven intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 reprogramming for obesity: Hope or hype? Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116245. [PMID: 38340396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
'Globesity' is a foremost challenge to the healthcare system. The limited efficacy and adverse effects of available oral pharmacotherapies pose a significant obstacle in the fight against obesity. The biology of the leading incretin hormone glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been highly captivated during the last decade owing to its multisystemic pleiotropic clinical outcomes beyond inherent glucoregulatory action. That fostered a pharmaceutical interest in synthetic GLP-1 analogues to tackle type-2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and related complications. Besides, mechanistic insights on metabolic surgeries allude to an incretin-based hormonal combination strategy for weight loss that emerged as a forerunner for the discovery of injectable 'unimolecular poly-incretin-agonist' therapies. Physiologically, intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells (EECs) are the prominent endogenous source of GLP-1 peptide. Despite comprehending the potential of various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to stimulate endogenous GLP-1 secretion, decades of translational GPCR research have failed to yield regulatory-approved endogenous GLP-1 secretagogue oral therapy. Lately, a dual/poly-GPCR agonism strategy has emerged as an alternative approach to the traditional mono-GPCR concept. This review aims to gain a comprehensive understanding by revisiting the pharmacology of a few potential GPCR-based complementary avenues that have drawn attention to the design of orally active poly-GPCR agonist therapy. The merits, challenges and recent developments that may aid future poly-GPCR drug discovery are critically discussed. Subsequently, we project the mechanism-based therapeutic potential and limitations of oral poly-GPCR agonism strategy to augment intestinal GLP-1 for weight loss. We further extend our discussion to compare the poly-GPCR agonism approach over invasive surgical and injectable GLP-1-based regimens currently in clinical practice for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Patil
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Leon N Warne
- Little Green Pharma, West Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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Zhou C, Hu L, Mu R, Mei X, Wu X, Wang C, Zhou X. Compound green tea (CGT) regulates lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced mice. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24301-24310. [PMID: 36128535 PMCID: PMC9412714 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02831j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to study the effect of compound green tea (CGT) on liver lipid metabolism in mice based on metabolomics of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and preliminarily identify potential biomarkers and pathways of action by using a metabonomic network database to explore the lipid-lowering effect of CGT. In this study, forty mice were randomly divided into four groups: compound tea treatment group (DH), high-fat model control group (NK), normal control group (CK) and positive drug group (YK). After a month of different interventions, the mice were weighed and the blood lipid indexes were detected. In addition, differential liver metabolites were monitored by using LC-MS. The results showed that CGT and positive drug treatment were able to decrease body weight, liver coefficient, TC, TG and LDL levels of obese mice, while increasing HDL levels. Among the 110 compounds obtained, 54 metabolites were significantly altered in the four comparisons. More importantly, 15 remarkably downregulated metabolites involved in Lysopc 16:1, Lysopc 18:1, and Lysopc 18:2 were found in the DH group when the mice were treated with CGT; meanwhile, the positive drug Xuezhikang was able to significantly downregulate 14 compounds, including (±)18-HEPE, and 6 keto-PGF1α, compared with the NK group. Besides, KEGG enrichment analysis also revealed the important metabolic pathways, such as linoleic acid metabolism, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and α-linolenic acid metabolism, were related to fatty acid metabolism. These results suggested that CGT could regulate the lipid metabolism in the liver of hyperlipidemia mice, and may regulate 54 potential biomarkers in mice through a related metabolic pathway to make them return to a normal state and improve the disorder of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibi Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Liuhong Hu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
| | - Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
| | - Xingli Wu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
| | - Chuanming Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guizhou 550000 China
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
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Lysophosphatidylcholine: Potential Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158274. [PMID: 35955410 PMCID: PMC9368269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a major phospholipid component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), originates from the cleavage of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and is catabolized to other substances by different enzymatic pathways. LPC exerts pleiotropic effects mediated by its receptors, G protein-coupled signaling receptors, Toll-like receptors, and ion channels to activate several second messengers. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly considered a key marker/factor positively in pathological states, especially inflammation and atherosclerosis development. Current studies have indicated that the injury of nervous tissues promotes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, as well as excessive accumulation of LPC, enhancing the membrane hyperexcitability to induce chronic pain, which may be recognized as one of the hallmarks of chronic pain. However, findings from lipidomic studies of LPC have been lacking in the context of chronic pain. In this review, we focus in some detail on LPC sources, biochemical pathways, and the signal-transduction system. Moreover, we outline the detection methods of LPC for accurate analysis of each individual LPC species and reveal the pathophysiological implication of LPC in chronic pain, which makes it an interesting target for biomarkers and the development of medicine regarding chronic pain.
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The Effect of Phytochemicals and Food Bioactive Compounds on Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147765. [PMID: 35887112 PMCID: PMC9324179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three main types of diabetes, namely, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and diabetes in pregnancy (gestational diabetes) [...]
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Al-Abdulla R, Ferrero H, Soriano S, Boronat-Belda T, Alonso-Magdalena P. Screening of Relevant Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Pancreatic β-Cells: Evaluation of Murine and Human In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084182. [PMID: 35457000 PMCID: PMC9025712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemical substances that can interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system. EDCs are ubiquitous and can be found in a variety of consumer products such as food packaging materials, personal care and household products, plastic additives, and flame retardants. Over the last decade, the impact of EDCs on human health has been widely acknowledged as they have been associated with different endocrine diseases. Among them, a subset called metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) is able to promote metabolic changes that can lead to the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome, among others. Despite this, today, there are still no definitive and standardized in vitro tools to support the metabolic risk assessment of existing and emerging MDCs for regulatory purposes. Here, we evaluated the following two different pancreatic cell-based in vitro systems: the murine pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 as well as the human pancreatic β-cell line EndoC-βH1. Both were challenged with the following range of relevant concentrations of seven well-known EDCs: (bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-S (BPS), bisphenol-F (BPF), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)). The screening revealed that most of the tested chemicals have detectable, deleterious effects on glucose-stimulated insulin release, insulin content, electrical activity, gene expression, and/or viability. Our data provide new molecular information on the direct effects of the selected chemicals on key aspects of pancreatic β-cell function, such as the stimulus-secretion coupling and ion channel activity. In addition, we found that, in general, the sensitivity and responses were comparable to those from other in vivo studies reported in the literature. Overall, our results suggest that both systems can serve as effective tools for the rapid screening of potential MDC effects on pancreatic β-cell physiology as well as for deciphering and better understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.-A.); (H.F.); (S.S.); (T.B.-B.)
| | - Hilda Ferrero
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.-A.); (H.F.); (S.S.); (T.B.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.-A.); (H.F.); (S.S.); (T.B.-B.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Talía Boronat-Belda
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.-A.); (H.F.); (S.S.); (T.B.-B.)
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (R.A.-A.); (H.F.); (S.S.); (T.B.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Małodobra-Mazur M, Lewoń D, Cierzniak A, Okulus M, Gliszczyńska A. Phospholipid Derivatives of Cinnamic Acid Restore Insulin Sensitivity in Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2021; 13:3619. [PMID: 34684619 PMCID: PMC8537072 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the physiological amount of insulin is insufficient to evoke a proper response of the cell, that is, glucose utilization. Metformin is the first choice for therapy, thanks to its glycemic efficacy and general tolerability. In addition, various natural compounds from plant extracts, spices, and essential oils have been shown to provide health benefits regarding insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of phospholipid derivatives of selected natural aromatic acids on insulin action and their potential use to overcome insulin resistance. METHODS The 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were differentiated into mature adipocytes; next, insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (16:0). Cells were further cultured with phenophospholipids at appropriate concentrations. To assess insulin sensitivity, we measured the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, using a glucose uptake test. RESULTS We showed that cinnamic acid (CA) and 3-methoxycinnamic acid (3-OMe-CA) restored the proper insulin response. However, 1,2-dicinnamoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1,2-diCA-PC) and 1-cinnamoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-CA-2-PA-PC) improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adipocytes even stronger, exhibiting more beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS The binding of aromatic acids to phosphatidylcholine increases their beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and expands their potential practical application as nutraceutical health-promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Dominika Lewoń
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Okulus
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Paternoster S, Simpson PV, Kokh E, Kizilkaya HS, Rosenkilde MM, Mancera RL, Keating DJ, Massi M, Falasca M. Pharmacological and structure-activity relationship studies of oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol synthetic mimetics. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105822. [PMID: 34411732 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are relentlessly spreading worldwide. The beginning of the 21st century has seen the introduction of mechanistically novel types of drugs, aimed primarily at keeping these pathologies under control. In particular, an important family of therapeutics exploits the beneficial physiology of the gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), with important clinical benefits, from glycaemic control to cardioprotection. Nonetheless, these protein-based drugs act systemically as exogenous GLP-1 mimetics and are not exempt from side effects. The food-derived lipid oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is a potent GPR119-dependent GLP-1 secreting agent. Here we present a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of a synthetic library of oleoyl-LPI mimetics capable to induce the physiological release of GLP-1 from gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs). The best lead compounds have shown potent and efficient release of GLP-1 in vitro from human and murine cells, and in vivo in diabetic db/db mice. We have also generated a molecular model of oleoyl-LPI, as well as its best performing analogues, interacting with the orthosteric site of GPR119, laying foundational evidence for their pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Paternoster
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Peter V Simpson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Elena Kokh
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Hüsün Sheyma Kizilkaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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