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Wu Y, Zhang N, Lu X, Li Z, Chen Y, Gong R, Huang S, Wang Q, Yao J. Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Isotopes with Air-Lasing-Based Coherent Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2944-2950. [PMID: 38452256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Isotope detection is crucial for geological research, medical diagnostics, industrial production, and environmental monitoring. Various spectroscopic techniques are continually emerging for isotopic identification and accurate measurement. Herein, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) spectroscopy is developed for the quantitative detection of carbon dioxide isotopes, in which the N2+ air lasing coherently created in the interaction region is used as the probe. Benefiting from the narrow spectral width of air lasing, the Raman peaks of 12CO2 and 13CO2 can be well discerned, although their spectra partially overlap. The overlapped signals were proven to be the result of the coherent superposition of individual Raman signals. Based on that fact, a deconvolution algorithm was designed to retrieve the concentration ratio of the two isotopes. The relative error of the measurement is less than 6%. The CRS technique based on air lasing offers a potential approach for the quantitative characterization of molecular isotopes, especially in application scenarios of remote sensing or in situ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zelong Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Rongyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shunlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Stachowska E, Gudan A, Mańkowska-Wierzbicka D, Liebe R, Krawczyk M. Dysbiosis and nutrition in steatotic liver disease: addressing the unrecognized small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) challenge. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03533-7. [PMID: 38499938 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, potentially causing major consequences such as liver decompensation. Currently, we lack medications for the treatment of SLD. Therapeutic recommendations for patients include a hypocaloric diet, weight loss, and physical activity. In particular, the Mediterranean diet is frequently recommended. However, this diet might exacerbate intestinal problems in a subset of patients with coexisting small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Previous studies have reported that SIBO is more predominant in patients with fatty liver than in healthy individuals. Both our research and the findings of others have highlighted a challenge related to nutritional therapy in patients with fatty liver who also suffer from SIBO inasmuch as SIBO induces several phenomena (like bloating or abdominal pain) that can adversely affect patients' quality of life and might be exacerbated by the Mediterranean diet. This may lower their adherence to the intervention. As a solution, we suggest introducing additional diagnostics (e.g., breath test) in patients with SLD who complain of SIBO-like symptoms. The next step is to modify their diets temporarily starting with several weeks of "elimination and sanitation." This would involve restricting products rich in fermentable sugars and polyols, while simultaneously treating the bacterial overgrowth. In summary, while the hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is beneficial for patients with fatty liver, those with coexisting SIBO may experience exacerbated symptoms. It is vital to consider additional diagnostics and dietary modifications for this subset of patients to address both liver and intestinal health concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Gudan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Liebe
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang M, Wei J, Sun Y, He C, Ma S, Pan X, Zhu X. The efferocytosis process in aging: Supporting evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects for age-related diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38499245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by an ongoing struggle between the buildup of damage caused by a combination of external and internal factors. Aging has different effects on phagocytes, including impaired efferocytosis. A deficiency in efferocytosis can cause chronic inflammation, aging, and several other clinical disorders. AIM OF REVIEW Our review underscores the possible feasibility and extensive scope of employing dual targets in various age-related diseases to reduce the occurrence and progression of age-related diseases, ultimately fostering healthy aging and increasing lifespan. Key scientific concepts of review Hence, the concurrent implementation of strategies aimed at augmenting efferocytic mechanisms and anti-aging treatments has the potential to serve as a potent intervention for extending the duration of a healthy lifespan. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the concept and physiological effects of efferocytosis. Subsequently, we investigated the association between efferocytosis and the hallmarks of aging. Finally, we discuss growing evidence regarding therapeutic interventions for age-related disorders, focusing on the physiological processes of aging and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Portincasa P. NAFLD, MAFLD, and beyond: one or several acronyms for better comprehension and patient care. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:993-1006. [PMID: 36807050 PMCID: PMC10326150 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common type of chronic liver disease. NAFLD points to excessive hepatic fat storage and no evidence of secondary hepatic fat accumulation in patients with "no or little alcohol consumption". Both the etiology and pathogenesis of NAFLD are largely unknown, and a definitive therapy is lacking. Since NAFLD is very often and closely associated with metabolic dysfunctions, a consensus process is ongoing to shift the acronym NAFLD to MAFLD, i.e., metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The change in terminology is likely to improve the classification of affected individuals, the disease awareness, the comprehension of the terminology and pathophysiological aspects involved, and the choice of more personalized therapeutic approaches while avoiding the intrinsic stigmatization due to the term "non-alcoholic". Even more recently, other sub-classifications have been proposed to concentrate the heterogeneous causes of fatty liver disease under one umbrella. While awaiting additional validation studies in this field, we discuss the main reasons underlying this important shift of paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Sejersen S, Rasmussen CW, Bøgh N, Kjaergaard U, Hansen ESS, Schulte RF, Laustsen C. Considering whole-body metabolism in hyperpolarized MRI through 13 C breath analysis-An alternative way to quantification and normalization? Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:664-672. [PMID: 37094025 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI is an emerging clinical tool for metabolic imaging. It has the potential for absolute quantitative metabolic imaging. However, the method itself is not quantitative, limiting comparison of images across both time and between individuals. Here, we propose a simple signal normalization to the whole-body oxidative metabolism to overcome this limitation. THEORY AND METHODS A simple extension of the model-free ratiometric analysis of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI is presented, using the expired 13 CO2 in breath for normalization. The proposed framework was investigated in two porcine cohorts (N = 11) subjected to local renal hypoperfusion defects and subsequent [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI. A breath sample was taken before the [1-13 C]pyruvate injection and 5 min after. The raw MR signal from both the healthy and intervened kidney in the two cohorts was normalized using the 13 CO2 in the expired air. RESULTS 13 CO2 content in the expired air was significantly different between the two cohorts. Normalization to this reduced the coefficients of variance in the aerobic metabolic sensitive pathways by 25% for the alanine/pyruvate ratio, and numerical changes were observed in the bicarbonate/pyruvate ratio. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was largely unaltered (<2%). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that normalizing the hyperpolarized 13 C-signal ratios by the 13 CO2 content in expired air can reduce variation as well as improve specificity of the method by normalizing the metabolic readout to the overall metabolic status of the individual. The method is a simple and cheap extension to the hyperpolarized 13 C exam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Sejersen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla W Rasmussen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Uffe Kjaergaard
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben S S Hansen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Jiang S, Xu J, Wang B, Sun X, Zhang Y. Red-fleshed apple flavonoid extract alleviates CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1098954. [PMID: 36742007 PMCID: PMC9890596 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1098954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global incidence of liver damage has increased. Despite the many known health benefits of red-fleshed apple flavonoids, their potential liver-protective effects have not yet been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the composition of red-fleshed apple flavonoid extract (RAFE) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We then induced liver damage in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and performed interventions with RAFE to analyze its effect on liver damage, using bifendate as a positive control. The results showed that catechin was the most abundant flavonoid in 'XJ4' RAFE (49.346 mg/100 g). In liver-injured mice, the liver coefficients converged to normal levels following RAFE intervention. Moreover, RAFE significantly reduced the enzymatic activity levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (ALT), glutamic alanine transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in mouse serum. Furthermore, RAFE significantly increased the content or enzyme activity level of total glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase, and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde in the liver of mice. In parallel, we performed histopathological observations of mouse livers for each group. The results showed that RAFE restored the pathological changes caused by CCl4 around the central hepatic vein in mice and resulted in tightly bound hepatocytes. The recovery effect of RAFE was dose-dependent in the liver tissue. Regarding intestinal microorganisms, we found that RAFE restored the microbial diversity in liver-injured mice, with a similar microbial composition in the RAFE intervention group and normal group. RAFE reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, increased the levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Clostridium, and reduced the levels of harmful bacteria, such as Erysipelothrix Rosenbach. Therefore, RAFE ameliorated CCl4-induced liver damage by modulating the abundance and composition of intestinal microorganisms in mice. In conclusion, RAFE alleviated CCl4-induced liver damage in mice, with H-RAFE (5 mg kg-1) significantly improving liver damage in mice but M-RAFE (1 mg kg-1) significantly improving the imbalance of intestinal microorganisms in mice. Our research suggests that RAFE could be employed for the adjuvant treatment and prevention of liver damage, and may have important applications in food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jihua Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Mucinski JM, Perry AM, Fordham TM, Diaz-Arias A, Ibdah JA, Rector RS, Parks EJ. Labeled breath tests in patients with NASH: Octanoate oxidation relates best to measures of glucose metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172675. [PMID: 37153214 PMCID: PMC10160408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo methods to estimate human liver mitochondrial activity are lacking and this project's goal was to use a non-invasive breath test to quantify complete mitochondrial fat oxidation and determine how test results changed when liver disease state was altered over time. Patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 9 men, 16 women, 47 ± 10 years, 113 ± 23 kg) underwent a diagnostic liver biopsy and liver tissue was histologically scored by a pathologist using the NAFLD activity score (0-8). To assess liver oxidation activity, a labeled medium chain fatty acid was consumed orally (23.4 mg 13C4-octanoate) and breath samples collected over 135 min. Total CO2 production rates were measured using breath 13CO2 analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) was measured using an IV infusion of 13C6-glucose. At baseline, subjects oxidized 23.4 ± 3.9% (14.9%-31.5%) of the octanoate dose and octanoate oxidation (OctOx) was negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.474, p = 0.017) and EGP (r = -0.441, p = 0.028). Twenty-two subjects returned for repeat tests 10.2 ± 1.0 months later, following lifestyle treatment or standardized care. OctOx (% dose/kg) was significantly greater across all subjects (p = 0.044), negatively related to reductions in EGP (r = -0.401, p = 0.064), and tended to correlate with reduced fasting glucose (r = -0.371, p = 0.090). Subjects exhibited reductions in steatosis (p = 0.007) which tended to correlate with increased OctOx (% of dose/kg, r = -0.411, p = 0.058). Based on our findings, the use of an 13C-octanoate breath test may be an indicator of hepatic steatosis and glucose metabolism, but these relationships require verification through larger studies in NAFLD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M. Mucinski
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Alisha M. Perry
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Talyia M. Fordham
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Alberto Diaz-Arias
- Boyce & Bynum Pathology Professional Services, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jamal A. Ibdah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth J. Parks,
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Wang DQH, Frühbeck G, Garruti G, Di Ciaula A. Novel insights into the pathogenic impact of diabetes on the gastrointestinal tract. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13846. [PMID: 35904418 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 and type 1 diabetes are common endocrine disorders with a progressively increasing incidence worldwide. These chronic, systemic diseases have multiorgan implications, and the whole gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a frequent target in terms of symptom appearance and interdependent pathophysiological mechanisms. Metabolic alterations linked with diabetic complications, neuropathy and disrupted hormone homeostasis can lead to upper and/or lower GI symptoms in up to 75% of diabetic patients, with multifactorial involvement of the oesophagus, stomach, upper and lower intestine, and of the gallbladder. On the other hand, altered gastrointestinal motility and/or secretions are able to affect glucose and lipid homeostasis in the short and long term. Finally, diabetes has been linked with increased cancer risk at different levels of the GI tract. The presence of GI symptoms and a comprehensive assessment of GI function should be carefully considered in the management of diabetic patients to avoid further complications and to ameliorate the quality of life. Additionally, the presence of gastrointestinal dysfunction should be adequately managed to improve metabolic homeostasis, the efficacy of antidiabetic treatments and secondary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Khalil M, Shanmugam H, Abdallah H, John Britto JS, Galerati I, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153112. [PMID: 35956289 PMCID: PMC9370259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term “Mitochondria nutrients” has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Jerlin Stephy John Britto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galerati
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-4687215
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P. The role of microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13768. [PMID: 35294774 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease worldwide. Gut microbiota can play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD since dysbiosis is associated with reduced bacterial diversity, altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a relative abundance of alcohol-producing bacteria, or other specific genera. Changes can promote disrupted intestinal barrier and hyperpermeability, filtration of bacterial products, activation of the immune system, and pro-inflammatory changes in the intestine, in the liver, and at a systemic level. Microbiota-derived molecules can contribute to the steatogenic effects. The link between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD, however, is confused by several factors which include age, BMI, comorbidities, dietary components, and lifestyle. The role of toxic chemicals in food and water requires further studies in both gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. We can anticipate that gut microbiota manipulation will represent a potential therapeutic tool to delay or reverse the progression of NAFLD, paving the way to primary prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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11
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Baj J, Forma A, Dudek I, Chilimoniuk Z, Dobosz M, Dobrzyński M, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Flieger J, Portincasa P. The Involvement of Human Papilloma Virus in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112607. [PMID: 35681587 PMCID: PMC9179480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. HPV infection has a strong relationship with the onset of cervix uteri, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, but also tonsils and tongue cancers. Some epidemiological data indicate that except for gynecologic cancers, HPV infection can be one of the risk factors associated with a greater risk of induction and progression of gastrointestinal cancers. Data, however, remain contradictory and definite conclusions cannot be drawn, so far. The following review aims to organize recent evidence and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumors primarily focusing on esophageal, liver, gastric, colorectal, and anal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Maciej Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Michał Dobrzyński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (Z.C.); (M.D.); (M.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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HtrA2/Omi mitigates NAFLD in high-fat-fed mice by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and restoring autophagic flux. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:218. [PMID: 35449197 PMCID: PMC9023526 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver metabolic syndrome which affects millions of people worldwide. Recently, improving mitochondrial function and autophagic ability have been proposed as a means to prevent NAFLD. It has been previously described that high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi) favors mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in hepatocytes. Thus, we explored the effects of HtrA2/Omi on regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy during NAFLD development. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced hepatocytes steatosis in vitro were established. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in vivo and plasmid in vitro were used to restore HtrA2/Omi expression. In this study, we reported that HtrA2/Omi expression considerably decreased in liver tissues from the HFD-induced NAFLD model and in L02 cells with FFA-treated. However, restoring HtrA2/Omi ameliorated hepatic steatosis, confirming by improved serum lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, histopathological lipid accumulation, and the gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Moreover, HtrA2/Omi also attenuated HFD-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic blockage. TEM analysis revealed that liver mitochondrial structure and autophagosome formation were improved in hepatic HtrA2/Omi administration mice compared to HFD mice. And hepatic HtrA2/Omi overexpression enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation gene expression, elevated LC3II protein levels, induced LC3 puncta, and decreased SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. Furthermore, hepatic HtrA2/Omi increased respiratory exchange ratio and heat production in mice. Finally, HtrA2/Omi overexpression by plasmid significantly diminished lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagic inhibition in FFA-treated L02 hepatocytes. Taken together, we demonstrated that HtrA2/Omi was a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD via improving mitochondrial functions, as well as restoring autophagic flux.
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Time to Consider the “Exposome Hypothesis” in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081597. [PMID: 35458158 PMCID: PMC9032727 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent the main contributors to the obesity problem, they are not able to fully explain all cases and current trends. In this context, a body of knowledge related to exposure to as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred to as the “exposome”, merits detailed analysis. Contrarily to the genome, the “exposome” is subject to a great dynamism and variability, which unfolds throughout the individual’s lifetime. The development of precise ways of capturing the full exposure spectrum of a person is extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight with elevated ambient temperatures, in utero, and intergenerational effects as well as epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, and endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests the possibility that they may work alone or synergistically as several alternative putative contributors to this global epidemic. This narrative review reports the available evidence on as yet underappreciated drivers of the obesity epidemic. Broadly based interventions are needed to better identify these drivers at the same time as stimulating reflection on the potential relevance of the “exposome” in the development and perpetuation of the obesity epidemic.
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Wang H, Wu Y, Tang W. Methionine cycle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115033. [PMID: 35395242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic metabolic disease affecting epidemic proportions worldwide, the pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is not clear yet. There is also a lack of precise biomarkers and specific medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. Methionine metabolic cycle, which is critical for the maintaining of cellular methylation and redox state, is involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. However, the molecular basis and mechanism of methionine metabolism in NAFLD are not completely understood. Here, we mainly focus on specific enzymes that participates in methionine cycle, to reveal their interconnections with NAFLD, in order to recognize the pathogenesis of NAFLD from a new angle and at the same time, explore the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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15
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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Parameswaran M, Hasan HA, Sadeque J, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Arisoyin AE, Dhanani MB, Rath SM. Factors That Predict the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Cureus 2021; 13:e20776. [PMID: 35111461 PMCID: PMC8794413 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a spectrum of diseases involving the deposition of fat in the hepatocytes of people with little to no alcohol consumption. NAFLD is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, etc. As their prevalence increases, the propensity and severity of NAFLD might increase. As per the recently developed multi-hit hypothesis, factors like oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance have been found to play a key role in the development of NAFLD and its associated complications. This article focuses on NAFLD, its pathophysiology, risk factors, and the various genetic and epigenetic factors involved in its development along with possible treatment modalities. We conducted an all-language literature search on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar until October 2021. The following search strings and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms were used: “NAFLD,” “NASH,” “Fibrosis,” and “Insulin Resistance.” We explored the literature on NAFLD for its epidemiology, pathophysiology, the role of various genes, and how they influence the disease and associated complications about the disease and its hepatic and extrahepatic complications. With its rapidly increasing prevalence rates across the world and serious complications like NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is becoming a major public health issue and more research is needed to formulate better screening tools and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jafor Sadeque
- Internal Medicine, Al Mostaqbal Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | | | - Maulik B Dhanani
- Internal Medicine, Southwestern University School of Medicine, Cebu City, PHL
| | - Swaroopa M Rath
- Medicine, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, IND
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