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Papatola F, Slimani S, Peddis D, Pellis A. Biocatalyst immobilization on magnetic nano-architectures for potential applications in condensation reactions. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14481. [PMID: 38850268 PMCID: PMC11162105 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review article, a perspective on the immobilization of various hydrolytic enzymes onto magnetic nanoparticles for synthetic organic chemistry applications is presented. After a first part giving short overview on nanomagnetism and highlighting advantages and disadvantages of immobilizing enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the most important hydrolytic enzymes and their applications were summarized. A section reviewing the immobilization techniques with a particular focus on supporting enzymes on MNPs introduces the reader to the final chapter describing synthetic organic chemistry applications of small molecules (flavour esters) and polymers (polyesters and polyamides). Finally, the conclusion and perspective section gives the author's personal view on further research discussing the new idea of a synergistic rational design of the magnetic and biocatalytic component to produce novel magnetic nano-architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Papatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Slimani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, nM2-Lab, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - D Peddis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, nM2-Lab, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - A Pellis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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Petran A, Radu T, Dan M, Nan A. Exploiting Enzyme in the Polymer Synthesis for a Remarkable Increase in Thermal Conductivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087606. [PMID: 37108765 PMCID: PMC10143580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in polymers with high thermal conductivity increased much because of their inherent properties such as low density, low cost, flexibility, and good chemical resistance. However, it is challenging to engineer plastics with good heat transfer characteristics, processability, and required strength. Improving the degree of the chain alignment and forming a continuous thermal conduction network is expected to enhance thermal conductivity. This research aimed to develop polymers with a high thermal conductivity that can be interesting for several applications. Two polymers, namely poly(benzofuran-co-arylacetic acid) and poly(tartronic-co-glycolic acid), with high thermal conductivity containing microscopically ordered structures were prepared by performing enzyme-catalyzed (Novozyme-435) polymerization of the corresponding α-hydroxy acids 4-hydroxymandelic acid and tartronic acid, respectively. A comparison between the polymer's structure and heat transfer obtained by mere thermal polymerization before and enzyme-catalyzed polymerization will now be discussed, revealing a dramatic increase in thermal conductivity in the latter case. The polymer structures were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in liquid- and solid-state (ss-NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity were measured using the transient plane source technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Petran
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Radu
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Dan
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Nan
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Elso OG, Bivona AE, Cenizo R, Malchiodi EL, García Liñares G. Enzymatic synthesis of amlodipine amides and evaluation of their anti- Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1411-1421. [PMID: 36722938 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02271k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Advancing with our project about the development of new antiparasitic agents, we have enzymatically synthesized a series of amides derived from amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive drug. Through lipase-catalyzed acylation with different carboxylic acids, nineteen amlodipine derivatives were obtained, eighteen of which were new compounds. To optimize the reaction conditions, the influence of several reaction parameters was analyzed, finding different requisites for aliphatic carboxylic acids and phenylacetic acids. All synthesized compounds were evaluated as antiproliferative agents against Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease). Some of them showed significant activity against the amastigote form of T. cruzi, the clinically relevant form of the parasite. Among synthesized compounds, the derivatives of myristic and linolenic acids showed higher efficacy and lower cytotoxicity. These results added to the advantages shown by the enzymatic methodology, such as mild reaction conditions and low environmental impact, making this approach a valuable way to synthesize these amlodipine derivatives with an application as promising antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando G Elso
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis. Departamento de Química Orgánica y UMYMFOR, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, piso 3, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín 1113, piso 4, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Cenizo
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín 1113, piso 4, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín 1113, piso 4, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Liñares
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis. Departamento de Química Orgánica y UMYMFOR, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, piso 3, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Aristizábal-Lanza L, Mankar SV, Tullberg C, Zhang B, Linares-Pastén JA. Comparison of the enzymatic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and AkestraTM using Humicola insolens cutinase. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1048744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic depolymerization of synthetic polyesters has become of great interest in recycling plastics. Most of the research in this area focuses on the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to its widespread use in various applications. However, the enzymatic activity on other commercial polyesters is less frequently investigated. Therefore, AkestraTM attracted our attention, which is a copolymer derived from PET with a partially biobased spirocyclic acetal structure. In this study, the activity of Humicola insolens cutinase (HiCut) on PET and AkestraTM films and powder was investigated. HiCut showed higher depolymerization activity on amorphous PET films than on Akestra™ films. However, an outstanding performance was achieved on AkestraTM powder, reaching 38% depolymerization in 235h, while only 12% for PET powder. These results are consistent with the dependence of the enzymes on the crystallinity of the polymer since Akestra™ is amorphous while the PET powder has 14% crystallinity. On the other hand, HiCut docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations (MD) suggested that the PET-derived mono (hydroxyethyl)terephthalate dimer (MHET)2 is a hydrolyzable ligand, producing terephthalic acid (TPA), while the Akestra™-derived TPA-spiroglycol ester is not, which is consistent with the depolymerization products determined experimentally. MD studies also suggest ligand-induced local conformational changes in the active site.
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Wang H, Li H, Lee CK, Mat Nanyan NS, Tay GS. Recent Advances in the Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235059. [PMID: 36501454 PMCID: PMC9740404 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyester is a kind of polymer composed of ester bond-linked polybasic acids and polyol. This type of polymer has a wide range of applications in various industries, such as automotive, furniture, coatings, packaging, and biomedical. The traditional process of synthesizing polyester mainly uses metal catalyst polymerization under high-temperature. This condition may have problems with metal residue and undesired side reactions. As an alternative, enzyme-catalyzed polymerization is evolving rapidly due to the metal-free residue, satisfactory biocompatibility, and mild reaction conditions. This article presented the reaction modes of enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization and enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation and their combinations, respectively. In addition, the article also summarized how lipase-catalyzed the polymerization of polyester, which includes (i) the distinctive features of lipase, (ii) the lipase-catalyzed polymerization and its mechanism, and (iii) the lipase stability under organic solvent and high-temperature conditions. In addition, this article also focused on the advantages and disadvantages of enzyme-catalyzed polyester synthesis under different solvent systems, including organic solvent systems, solvent-free systems, and green solvent systems. The challenges of enzyme optimization and process equipment innovation for further industrialization of enzyme-catalyzed polyester synthesis were also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co. Ltd., Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Producing Natural Flavours from Isoamyl Alcohol and Fusel Oil by Using Immobilised Rhizopus oryzae Lipase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of short-chain esters (flavours) might enable their labelling as natural, increasing their value. Covalently immobilised Rhizopus oryzae lipase (EO-proROL) was used to synthesise isoamyl butyrate and acetate. In cyclohexane, the best performer reaction solvent, 1.8 times higher yield of isoamyl butyrate (ca. 100%) than isoamyl acetate (ca. 55%) was obtained. Optimum initial acid concentration (410 mM) and acid:alcohol mole ratio (0.5) were established by a central composite rotatable design to maximise isoamyl butyrate single-batch and cumulative production with reused enzyme. These conditions were used to scale up the esterification (150 mL) and to assess yield, initial esterification rate, productivity and enzyme operational stability. Commercial isoamyl alcohol and fusel oil results were found to be similar as regards yield (91% vs. 84%), initial reaction rate (5.4 µM min−1 with both substrates), operational stability (40% activity loss after five runs with both) and productivity (31.09 vs. 28.7 mM h−1). EO-proROL specificity for the structural isomers of isoamyl alcohol was also evaluated. Thus, a successful biocatalyst and product conditions ready to be used for isoamyl ester industrial production are here proposed.
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Mycobacterium smegmatis acyltransferase: The big new player in biocatalysis. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Magalhães RP, Cunha JM, Sousa SF. Perspectives on the Role of Enzymatic Biocatalysis for the Degradation of Plastic PET. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11257. [PMID: 34681915 PMCID: PMC8540959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are highly durable and widely used materials. Current methodologies of plastic degradation, elimination, and recycling are flawed. In recent years, biodegradation (the usage of microorganisms for material recycling) has grown as a valid alternative to previously used methods. The evolution of bioengineering techniques and the discovery of novel microorganisms and enzymes with degradation ability have been key. One of the most produced plastics is PET, a long chain polymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) repeating monomers. Many enzymes with PET degradation activity have been discovered, characterized, and engineered in the last few years. However, classification and integrated knowledge of these enzymes are not trivial. Therefore, in this work we present a summary of currently known PET degrading enzymes, focusing on their structural and activity characteristics, and summarizing engineering efforts to improve activity. Although several high potential enzymes have been discovered, further efforts to improve activity and thermal stability are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita P. Magalhães
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.P.M.); (J.M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. Cunha
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.P.M.); (J.M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (R.P.M.); (J.M.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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