1
|
Louro H, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A, Spyropoulou A, Solhaug A, Straumfors A, Behr AC, Mertens B, Žegura B, Fæste CK, Ndiaye D, Spilioti E, Varga E, Dubreil E, Borsos E, Crudo F, Eriksen GS, Snapkow I, Henri J, Sanders J, Machera K, Gaté L, Le Hegarat L, Novak M, Smith NM, Krapf S, Hager S, Fessard V, Kohl Y, Silva MJ, Dirven H, Dietrich J, Marko D. Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:425-469. [PMID: 38147116 PMCID: PMC10794282 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprophytes which are able to grow under varying temperature and moisture conditions as well as on a large range of substrates. A spectrum of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with toxic potential has been identified, but occurrence and relative proportion of the different metabolites in complex mixtures depend on strain, substrate, and growth conditions. This review compiles the available knowledge on hazard identification and characterization of Alternaria toxins. Alternariol (AOH), its monomethylether AME and the perylene quinones altertoxin I (ATX-I), ATX-II, ATX-III, alterperylenol (ALP), and stemphyltoxin III (STTX-III) showed in vitro genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Of all identified Alternaria toxins, the epoxide-bearing analogs ATX-II, ATX-III, and STTX-III show the highest cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential in vitro. Under hormone-sensitive conditions, AOH and AME act as moderate xenoestrogens, but in silico modeling predicts further Alternaria toxins as potential estrogenic factors. Recent studies indicate also an immunosuppressive role of AOH and ATX-II; however, no data are available for the majority of Alternaria toxins. Overall, hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins focused, so far, primarily on the commercially available dibenzo-α-pyrones AOH and AME and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Limited data sets are available for altersetin (ALS), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN). The occurrence and toxicological relevance of perylene quinone-based Alternaria toxins still remain to be fully elucidated. We identified data gaps on hazard identification and characterization crucial to improve risk assessment of Alternaria mycotoxins for consumers and occupationally exposed workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Anne-Cathrin Behr
- Department Food Safety, BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrnstraße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Dieynaba Ndiaye
- INRS, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre Lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Eliana Spilioti
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Estelle Dubreil
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Eszter Borsos
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Crudo
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Igor Snapkow
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jérôme Henri
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Julie Sanders
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Laurent Gaté
- INRS, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre Lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicola M Smith
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Krapf
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica Dietrich
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kusama-Eguchi K, Tokui Y, Minoura A, Yanai Y, Hirose D, Furukawa M, Kosuge Y, Miura M, Ohkoshi E, Makino M, Minagawa K, Matsuzaki K, Ogawa Y, Watanabe K, Ohsaki A. 2(3H)-Dihydrofranolactone metabolites from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 as anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs. J Nat Med 2024; 78:146-159. [PMID: 37804412 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor disease with limited treatment options. A domestic fungal extract library was screened using three assays related to the pathophysiology of ALS with the aim of developing a novel ALS drug. 2(3H)-dihydrofuranolactones 1 and 2, and five known compounds 3-7 were isolated from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 culture media, and their protective activity against the excitotoxicity of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamatergic agonist, was evaluated under low mitochondrial glutathione levels induced by ethacrynic acid (EA) and low sulfur amino acids using our developed ODAP-EA assay. Additional assays evaluated the recovery from cytotoxicity caused by transfected SOD1-G93A, an ALS-causal gene, and the inhibitory effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. We synthesized 1 from D-ribose, and confirmed the absolute structure. Isolated and synthesized 1 displayed higher ODAP-EA activities than the extract and represented its activity. Furthermore, 1 exhibited protective activity against SOD1-G93A-induced toxicity. An ALS mouse model, SOD1-G93A, of both sexes, was treated orally with 1 at pre- and post-symptomatic stages. The latter treatment significantly extended their lifespan (p = 0.03) and delayed motor deterioration (p = 0.001-0.01). Our result suggests that 1 is a promising lead compound for the development of ALS drugs with a new spectrum of action targeting both SOD1-G93A proteopathy and excitotoxicity through its action on the AMPA-type glutamatergic receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Kusama-Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tokui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Ai Minoura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Makino
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology and Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogawa
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ohsaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Vinh LB, Tuan NQ, Lee H, Kim E, Kim YC, Sohn JH, Yim JH, Lee HJ, Lee DS, Oh H. Macrosphelides from Antarctic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351) and their neuroprotective effects on BV2 and HT22 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110718. [PMID: 37777167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for reducing inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we discovered and evaluated the neuroprotective potential of fungal metabolites isolated from the Antarctic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351). The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract of the fungal strain isolate revealed a novel naturally occurring epi-macrosphelide J (1), a novel secondary metabolite macrosphelide N (2), and three known compounds, namely macrosphelide A (3), macrosphelide B (4), and macrosphelide J (5). Their structures were established unambiguously using spectroscopic methods, such as one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D-NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR chemical shift calculations, with the support of the advanced statistical method DP4+. Among the isolated metabolites, the absolute configuration of epi-macrosphelide J (1) was further confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The neuroprotective effects of the isolated metabolites were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 and glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. Only macrosphelide B (4) displayed substantial protective effects in both BV2 and HT22 cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying this activity were investigated using western blotting and molecular docking studies. Macrosphelide B (4) inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) in LPS-induced BV2 cells and induced the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in both BV2 and HT22 cells. The neuroprotective effect of macrosphelide B (4) is related to the interaction between Keap1 and p65. These results suggest that macrosphelide B (4), present in the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351), may serve as a candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Nguyen Quoc Tuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958, South Korea.
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
| | - Ha-Jin Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Bio-Environmental Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anti-Inflammatory Effects Exerted by 14-Methoxyalternate C from Antarctic Fungal Strain Pleosporales sp. SF-7343 via the Regulation of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314642. [PMID: 36498968 PMCID: PMC9740060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a profound negative impact on patients' quality of life. Four known secondary fungal metabolites were found in the chemical study of the Antarctic fungus Pleosporales sp. SF-7343, including 14-methoxyalternate C (1), 5'-methoxy-6-methyl-biphenyl-3,4,3'-triol (2), 3,8,10-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzocoumarin (3), and alternariol monomethyl ether (4). Additionally, we identified the skin anti-inflammatory composition from the SF-7343 strain. Interleukin-8 and -6 Screening results showed that compound 1 inhibited IL-8 and IL-6 in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ stimulated HaCaT cells. Compound 1 showed inhibitory effects on MDC and RANTES. It also downregulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and upregulated the expression of involucrin. The results of the mechanistic study showed that compound 1 inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 and STAT3. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of the Antarctic fungal strain SF-7343 as a bioactive resource to inhibit skin inflammation, such as AD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang PH, Lai YY, Chen CL, Wang HY, Chang YN, Lin YC, Yan YT, Lai CH, Cheng B. Cobalt protoporphyrin promotes human keratinocyte migration under hyperglycemic conditions. Mol Med 2022; 28:71. [PMID: 35739477 PMCID: PMC9219158 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complete healing of diabetic wounds continues to be a clinically unmet need. Although robust therapies such as stem cell therapy and growth factor treatment are clinically applied, these treatments are costly for most diabetic wound patients. Therefore, a cheaper alternative is needed. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) has recently been demonstrated to promote tissue regeneration. In this study, the therapeutic benefits of CoPP in diabetic wound healing were examined. Methods An in vitro wound healing model that mimics re-epithelialization was established to examine the effect of CoPP on the migratory capability of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) in either normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG) media, as well as in the presence of either H2O2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At the end of the migration assays, cells were collected and subjected to Western blotting analysis and immunostaining. Results HaCaT were found to migrate significantly more slowly in the HG media compared to the NG media. CoPP treatment was found to enhance cell migration in HG media, but was found to decrease cell migration and proliferation when HaCaT were cultured in NG media. CoPP treatment induced high levels of expression of Nrf-2/HO-1 and FoxO1 in HaCaT cultured in either glucose concentration, although the FoxO1 expression was found to be significantly higher in HaCaT that underwent the migration assay in NG media compared to those in HG media. The higher level of FoxO1 expression seen in CoPP-treated HaCaT cultured in NG media resulted in upregulation of CCL20 and downregulation of TGFβ1. In contrast, HaCaT migrated in HG media were found to have high levels of expression of TGFβ1, and low levels of expression of CCL20. Interestingly, in the presence of H2O2, CoPP-pretreated HaCaT cultured in either NG or HG media had similar expression level of Nrf-2/HO-1 and FoxO1 to each other. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of CoPP pretreatment was noticed in HaCaT cultured in either glucose concentration. Additionally, CoPP pretreatment was shown to promote tight junction formation in HaCaT suffering from LPS-induced damage. Conclusions CoPP enhances cell migratory capacity under hyperglycemic conditions, and protects cells from oxidative and LPS-induced cellular damage in HG media containing either H2O2 or LPS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00499-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hsiang Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, No.145, Xing Da Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Lai
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Wang
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ning Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, No.145, Xing Da Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, No.145, Xing Da Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, No.145, Xing Da Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Bill Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, No.145, Xing Da Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Inhibitors from Antarctic Fungal Strain Aspergillus sp. SF-7402 via Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Microglia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092851. [PMID: 35566201 PMCID: PMC9103959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play a significant role in immune defense and tissue repair in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglial activation and the resulting neuroinflammation play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, inflammation reduction strategies in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we discovered and evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of compounds from the Antarctic fungi strain Aspergillus sp. SF-7402 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells. Four metabolites were isolated from the fungi through chemical investigations, namely, 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (1), sterigmatocystin (2), aversin (3), and 6,8-O-dimethylversicolorin A (4). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESI-MS, as well as by comparison with those reported in literature. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the isolated metabolites were evaluated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in LPS-activated microglia at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Sterigmatocystins (1 and 2) displayed significant effects on NO production and mild effects on TNF-α and IL-6 expression inhibition. The molecular mechanisms underlying this activity were investigated using Western blot analysis. Sterigmatocystin treatment inhibited NO production via downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Additionally, sterigmatocystins reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These results suggest that sterigmatocystins present in the fungal strain Aspergillus sp. are promising candidates for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng HT, Yu YH, Zeng X, Li MM, Li X, Xu SS, Tu ZC, Yuan T. Anti-inflammatory Dimeric Benzophenones from an Endophytic Pleosporales Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:162-168. [PMID: 35007071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eight new polyketides, including three dimeric benzophenones, named dipleosporones A-C (1-3), three benzophenones (4-6), one xanthone (7), and one phenylbenzoate (8), along with seven known polyketides (9-15) were isolated from the fungus Pleosporales sp. YY-4. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. This is the first report of a benzophenone dimer connection via a C bridge from natural sources. An anti-inflammatory assay indicated that the dimeric benzophenones (1-3) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 8.8 to 18.1 μM, being more potent than the positive control, dexamethasone (IC50 = 22.2 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Zeng
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hu Yu
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zeng
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Xu
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Laboratory of Effective Substances of Jiangxi Genuine Medicinal Materials, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|