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Okubo A, Itagaki T, Hirose D. Talaromyces mellisjaponici sp. nov., a xerophilic species isolated from honey in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38180000 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Five isolates of a xerophilic Talaromyces species were obtained from honey in Japan. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a combined dataset for four regions (rRNA internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, calmodulin and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit) revealed that the strains formed an independent clade in section Trachyspermi, which is sister to Talaromyces affinitatimellis, Talaromyces basipetosporus and Talaromyces speluncarum. The strains and their relatives have different growth on creatine agar, yeast extract sucrose agar and dichloran 18 % glycerol agar, different branching patterns (mostly monoverticillate or biverticillate, less frequently divaricate or terverticillate), and different sizes and surface structures of conidia. Xerotolerance tests were also conducted using media adjusted to five different sucrose concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 %). The colony diameters of the strains were larger than those of T. affinitatimellis, T. basipetosporus and T. speluncarum at each sucrose concentration. Altogether, the obtained morphological, molecular and physiological data allowed the proposal of Talaromyces mellisjaponici sp. nov. for this novel species, with NBRC 116048T as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Okubo
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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Kusama-Eguchi K, Tokui Y, Minoura A, Yanai Y, Hirose D, Furukawa M, Kosuge Y, Miura M, Ohkoshi E, Makino M, Minagawa K, Matsuzaki K, Ogawa Y, Watanabe K, Ohsaki A. 2(3H)-Dihydrofranolactone metabolites from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 as anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs. J Nat Med 2024; 78:146-159. [PMID: 37804412 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor disease with limited treatment options. A domestic fungal extract library was screened using three assays related to the pathophysiology of ALS with the aim of developing a novel ALS drug. 2(3H)-dihydrofuranolactones 1 and 2, and five known compounds 3-7 were isolated from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 culture media, and their protective activity against the excitotoxicity of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamatergic agonist, was evaluated under low mitochondrial glutathione levels induced by ethacrynic acid (EA) and low sulfur amino acids using our developed ODAP-EA assay. Additional assays evaluated the recovery from cytotoxicity caused by transfected SOD1-G93A, an ALS-causal gene, and the inhibitory effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. We synthesized 1 from D-ribose, and confirmed the absolute structure. Isolated and synthesized 1 displayed higher ODAP-EA activities than the extract and represented its activity. Furthermore, 1 exhibited protective activity against SOD1-G93A-induced toxicity. An ALS mouse model, SOD1-G93A, of both sexes, was treated orally with 1 at pre- and post-symptomatic stages. The latter treatment significantly extended their lifespan (p = 0.03) and delayed motor deterioration (p = 0.001-0.01). Our result suggests that 1 is a promising lead compound for the development of ALS drugs with a new spectrum of action targeting both SOD1-G93A proteopathy and excitotoxicity through its action on the AMPA-type glutamatergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Kusama-Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tokui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Ai Minoura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Makino
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology and Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogawa
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ohsaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
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Hagiuda R, Hirose D. Species diversity of xerophilic Aspergillus and Penicillium in marine surface waters revealed by isolation using osmophilic medium. J Microorg Control 2024; 29:17-26. [PMID: 38508758 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.29.1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The species diversity of xerophilic and halophilic fungi distributed in marine surface water was studied at four local sites located in two geographically distant regions in Japan. At each site, 5-10 samples were collected and isolated using an osmophilic medium. Species identification was conducted based on nucleotide sequence of calmodulin or β -tubulin and morphological characteristics for Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces, and on the sequences of rRNA internal transcribed spacer for the other taxa. Overall, 231 strains were isolated from all sites and classified into 85 species belonged to 12 orders and 33 genera. The isolates that showed better mycelial growth than the control(no NaCl added) in the halotolerance test were defined as halophilic fungi, and only 22 species(10 Aspergillus species and 12 Penicillium species) were halophilic. Comparison of the halophilic fungal flora of the two regions revealed that four species common to both regions were isolated for Aspergillus, but no such species were isolated for Penicillium. Given that 15 halophilic species(10 Aspergillus and 5 Penicillium species) are known to be xerophilic species distributed in indoor environments, it can be inferred that indoor xerophilic species are likely to be widely distributed in marine surface water.
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Baba T, Hirose D. A cryptic root isolate belonging to Geoglossales from potted Rhododendron: its molecular phylogeny and ability to colonize an ericoid mycorrhizal host in vitro. Mycorrhiza 2023; 33:449-456. [PMID: 37882855 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the lifestyle of Geoglossales remains largely unknown, recent advancements have established a hypothesis regarding the ericoid mycorrhizal lifestyle of geoglossoid fungi. In this study, we focused on one isolate of Geoglossales sp. obtained from surface-sterilized roots of potted Rhododendron transiens. We aimed to reveal the phylogenetic position and in vitro colonizing ability of this species in the hair roots of ericoid mycorrhizal plants. Based on our multigene phylogenetic tree, this species is a sister of the genus Sarcoleotia which has not been reported from either other studies or field environment. Its ascocarps could not be obtained, and conspecific sequences were not found in the databases and repositories examined. The Geoglossales sp. colonized the vital rhizodermal cells of blueberries in vitro with hyphal coils. There were relatively large morphological variations of coils consistent with extraradical hyphae; however, overall, the colonization morphologically resembled those by Sarcoleotia globosa and representative ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. The taxonomy and ecological significance of the species remain to be resolved; nevertheless, our results suggest that the ericoid mycorrhizal lifestyle may be widespread within Geoglossales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Division of Fruit Tree Production Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 92-24 , Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
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Hagiuda R, Itagaki T, Hirose D. Aspergillus verrucosus sp. nov., a xerophilic species isolated from house dust and honey in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36821367 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Three strains of a xerophilic Aspergillus species were isolated from house dust and honey in Japan. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the combined dataset for four regions (internal transcribed spacer rDNA, calmodulin, β-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit) revealed that the strains formed an independent lineage, sister to Aspergillus halophilicus classified in section Restricti. Morphological comparisons show that the strains differ from A. halophilicus in three aspects: (i) the size of cleistothecia, as well as the surface structure and size of ascospores, (ii) the ability to grow on Harrold's agar and dichloran 18 % glycerol agar, and (iii) the lack of conidiophore formation on potato dextrose agar +20 % NaCl. These strains could be clearly distinguished from all known Aspergillus section Restricti species. Therefore, we consider it to be a novel species and propose the name Aspergillus verrucosus sp. nov. (NBRC 115547T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hagiuda
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7‒7‒1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274‒8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7‒7‒1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274‒8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7‒7‒1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274‒8555, Japan
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Hirose D, Watanabe K, Hagiuda R, Tachikawa R, Kamijo T, Yaguchi T, Hirota M. Diversity and Distribution of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and Its Related Species in Izu and Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Med Mycol J 2022; 63:99-107. [DOI: 10.3314/mmj.22-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Kamijo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Mitsuru Hirota
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Hagiuda R, Oda H, Kawakami Y, Hirose D. Species Diversity based on Revised Systematics of Xerophilic Aspergillus section Restricti Isolated from Storage Rooms and Houses in Japan. Biocontrol Sci 2022; 27:65-80. [PMID: 35753795 DOI: 10.4265/bio.27.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-seven strains of Aspergillus section Restricti were isolated from five storage rooms (50 strains) and 21 houses (37 strains) between 2014 and 2020. Eleven species were identified based on their morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny using the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, calmodulin (CaM), β-tubulin (benA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. A. penicillioides, which was known to cause the deterioration of cultural assets, was isolated at high frequency (73%) from the surfaces of 11 cultural assets in the storage rooms; A. clavatophorus and A. magnivesiculatus, which are closely related to A. penicillioides, were also isolated frequently (45 and 64%, respectively). Five species [A. clavatophorus (42.8%), A. penicillioides (42.8%), A. magnivesiculatus (14.3%), A. reticulatus (28.6%), and A. vitricola (28.6%)] were isolated from dust on the carpets in seven houses. Five species [A. clavatophorus (33.3%), A. penicillioides (55.5%), A. magnivesiculatus (44.4%), A. restrictus (44.4%), and A. gracilis (11.1%)] were isolated from dust on the bedding in nine houses. Using the taxonomic system described by Sklenář et al. (2017), five species (A. clavatophorus, A. magnivesiculatus, A. hordei, A. reticulatus, and A. glabripes) previously identified as A. penicillioides were confirmed as new to Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuji Kawakami
- Department of Environmental Science and Education, Tokyo Kasei University
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Ishiuchi K, Nagumo A, Kawaguchi M, Furuyashiki H, Nakagawa H, Hirose D. Stereochemistries of Mariannamides C and D, Two Lipohexapeptides, Isolated from Mariannaea elegans NBRC102301. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Watanabe K, Yaguchi T, Hirose D. Ubiquitous Distribution of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus- Related Species in Outdoor Environments in Japan. Med Mycol J 2021; 62:71-78. [PMID: 34853253 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.21-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus-related species are responsible for causing aspergillosis, which is a fatal infectious disease. Recently, there has been a series of reports of A. fumigatus-related species that are resistant to azole drugs used in clinical practice for the treatment of fungal infections. Some of these species have been isolated from outdoor environments. Testing the drug susceptibility of the strains from outdoor environments, therefore, is important. In this study, we isolated and cultured 72 strains of A. fumigatus-related species from the outdoor environment in Japan. The isolates identified via morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis were Aspergillus felis, Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans, Aspergillus udagawae, and Aspergillus wyomingensis. The results of the drug susceptibility testing revealed that A. felis (6 of 14 strains) and A. pseudoviridinutans (13 of 17 strains) were resistant to itraconazole (ITCZ), with 4 mg/L or higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The voriconazole (VRCZ)-resistant strains with 4 mg/L or higher MICs were A. felis (14 of 14), A. lentulus (4 of 4), A. pseudoviridinutans (15 of 17), A. udagawae (23 of 34), A. wyomingensis (1 of 3), and A. pseudoviridinutans (1 of 3). Among them, A. felis (1 of 14) and A. pseudoviridinutans (7 of 17) demonstrated 8 mg/L or higher MICs for ITCZ and VRCZ. These results indicate that A. fumigatus-related species resistant to ITCZ and VRCZ are widely distributed in outdoor environments in Japan.
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Osono T, Matsuoka S, Hirose D. Diversity and host recurrence of fungi associated with the bleached leaf litter in a subtropical forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baba T, Janošík L, Koukol O, Hirose D. Genetic variations and in vitro root-colonizing ability for an ericaceous host in Sarcoleotia globosa (Geoglossomycetes). Fungal Biol 2021; 125:971-979. [PMID: 34776234 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We discovered that Sarcoleotia globosa (Geoglossomycetes) fruited on the soil of ornamental Erica pot cultures, and its ascospores can germinate on plain agar. These findings prompted us to collect isolates from horticultural and natural environments in Japan and analyze their phylogeny and root colonizing ability. Pure cultures were successfully obtained from ascospores and surface-sterilized ericaceous roots. Phylogenetic analysis based on rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequences revealed that Japanese samples were separated into three strongly supported clades. Individual clade consisted of samples derived from (1) Erica pot cultures, (2) Rhododendron planted in a garden or Vaccinium pot culture, and (3) natural habitats in Hokkaido. Colony characteristics and in vitro root-colonizing morphology observed may correspond to these phylogenetic variations. Irrespective of the clades, all tested strains formed hyphal coils in vital rhizodermal cells of V. virgatum seedlings, which resembled those of ericoid mycorrhizae. Our results represent novel findings that can be the first step in unraveling the currently unknown ecology of geoglossoid fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Division of Fruit Tree Production Reseach, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 92-24, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0123, Iwate, Japan
| | - Lukáš Janošík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Koukol
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, 274-8555, Chiba, Japan.
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Abstract
A diverse array of fungi take part in decomposition, but the variability of their decomposing ability is not fully understood. A total of 49 isolates of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were obtained from bleached areas of leaf litter in a subtropical forest in southern Japan, and their ability to decompose leaves and recalcitrant compounds was quantified in pure culture. Mass loss of leaves of Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) and Schima wallichii (Theaceae) was evaluated at 20 C for 12 wk in vitro. Fungi caused a loss of -0.4% to 34.3% of the original leaf mass. The greatest mass loss was caused by four isolates of Mycena (Tricholomataceae). Isolates of Lachnocladiaceae caused greater mass loss of recalcitrant compounds, registered as acid-unhydrolyzable residue (AUR), which includes lignin, relative to Xylariaceae. Isolates of Rhytismataceae, Lachnocladiaceae, Marasmiaceae, and Omphalotaceae exhibited selective decomposition of AUR, Mycena exhibited simultaneous decomposition of AUR and components other than AUR, and Xylariaceae exhibited selective decomposition of components other than AUR. Mass losses of leaves and AUR caused by each fungal isolate were similar for C. sieboldii and S. wallichii. The Mycena isolates obtained from C. sieboldii caused greater mass losses of leaves and AUR than those obtained from the other tree species, suggesting a "home-field advantage" of decomposing potentialities, with implications for natural interactions beyond the in vitro system evaluated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Osono
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Japan
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Osono T, Matsuoka S, Hirose D. Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Ligninolytic Fungi Associated With Castanopsis sieboldii Leaf Litter in Japan. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:595427. [PMID: 33329481 PMCID: PMC7732466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity and geographic pattern of ligninolytic fungi were investigated within the distribution range of an evergreen tree, Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae), in Japan. Fungal isolates obtained from 18 sites in subtropical and temperate regions in Japan were classified into 50 operational taxonomic units in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota according to the base sequence of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. Ordination by nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed the separation of fungal compositions between the study sites which was significantly related to the latitude, longitude, and mean annual temperature (MAT) of the study sites. We applied variation partitioning to separate the magnitude of the climatic, spatial, and leaf property factors and found the roles of MAT and spatial factors in structuring fungal assemblages, suggesting the importance of both niche processes and such non-niche processes as priority effect and dispersal limitation. The bleached area on leaf litter was greater at sites with higher MAT and precipitation located at lower latitudes and at sites where some major ligninolytic fungi occurred at greater relative frequencies, indicating that not only the climatic conditions but also the biogeographic patterns of distribution of ligninolytic fungi influence the decomposition of lignin in leaf litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Osono
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan
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Ishiuchi K, Amber Syed A, Kosuge Y, Fujiwara Y, Makino T, Hirose D. Decaturenol A and known oxalicine related meroterpenoids isolated from Penicillium decaturense RO050, and their new biological activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127307. [PMID: 32631527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Decaturenol A (1), a new oxalicine related meroterpenoid, has been isolated from Penicillium decaturense RO050 along with seven known compounds (2-8). The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data. The effects of isolated compounds (1-8) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death in HT22 hippocampal nerve cells and on the interleukin 10 (IL-10)-induced expression of CD163, a M2 phenotype marker, in human monocyte-derived macrophages were evaluated. While decaturenol A (1) exhibited a protective effect on ER stress-induced cell death in HT22 cells at 10 µM, on the other hand oxalicine A (7) showed cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 5.9 µM). Additionally, decaturenol A (1), decaturins D (2), E (3), and B (4) inhibited the IL-10-induced expression of CD163 each at a concentration of 20 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Ayesha Amber Syed
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
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Ishiuchi K, Hirose D, Kondo T, Watanabe K, Terasaka K, Makino T. Mariannamides A and B, new cyclic octapeptides isolated from Mariannaea elegans NBRC102301. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126946. [PMID: 31928840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclic octapeptides, mariannamides A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from Mariannaea elegans NBRC102301, a Pinus densiflora-derived filamentous fungus. Their structures were elucidated to be cyclo-(l-Leu1-l-Pro1-l-Pro2-l-Leu2-l-Ile1-l-Pro3-l-Val1-l-Ile2) and cyclo-(l-Leu1-l-Pro1-l-Pro2-l-Leu2-l-Ile1-l-Pro3-l-Val1-l-Val2) based on spectroscopic data and Marfey's method. Mariannamide A (1) promoted mRNA expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in C2C12 cells, a mouse skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, and showed the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Cryptococcus neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taishi Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Terasaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
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Ishiuchi K, Kitanaka S, Hirose D, Takahashi Y, Miyagawa R, Watanabe K. Isochromophilol A, a New Azaphilone Isolated from Penicillium sp. RO369, a Leaf Litter Inhabiting Fungus from Tsuga diversifolia. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Suzuki H, Hirose D, Yamaoka Y. Species composition and distribution of Coleosporium species on the needles of Pinus densiflora at a semi-natural vegetation succession site in central Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Takamiya T, Kitamura S, Suzuki S, Shioda N, Matsuo Y, Murase K, Kaiho Y, Tsurumaki Y, Fujiwara Y, Sone M, Machida T, Matsumoto R, Miyamoto A, Hirose D, Furukawa M, Makino M, Matsuzaki K, Kitanaka S, Yukawa T, Iijima H. Identification of Two Phenanthrene Derivatives from Australasian Allied Species in Genus Dendrobium. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:642-650. [PMID: 29618669 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) contains numerous species. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequences indicated that this genus is divided into two major groups: Asian and Australasian clades. On the other hand, little is known about the phytochemical differences and similarities among the species in each clade. In this study, we selected 18 Dendrobium species (11 from the Asian clade and 7 from the Australasian clade) and constructed HPLC profiles, arrays composed of relative intensity of the chromatographic peaks. Next, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to the profile matrix to classify Dendrobium species into the Asian and Australasian clades in order to identify the peaks that significantly contribute to the class separation. In the end, two phenanthrenes, 4,9-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,5-diol 1 and 1,5-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol 2, which contributed to the class separation, were isolated from the HPLC peaks. The existence of 2 was limited to the genetically related Australasian species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science
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Ishiuchi K, Hirose D, Suzuki T, Nakayama W, Jiang WP, Monthakantirat O, Wu JB, Kitanaka S, Makino T. Identification of Lycopodium Alkaloids Produced by an Ultraviolet-Irradiated Strain of Paraboeremia, an Endophytic Fungus from Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:1143-1147. [PMID: 29676580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
12- epi-Lycopodine (1), a Lycopodium alkaloid, along with lycopodine (2) and huperzine A (3), were discovered in the mycelium of Paraboeremia sp. Lsl3KI076, a UV-irradiated strain of Paraboeremia sp. Lsl3, an endophytic fungus from Lycopodium serratum Thunb. var. longipetiolatum Spring. Additionally, a trace of 1 was isolated from Phlegmariurus nummulariifolius (Blume) Ching, and the structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. This is the first report proving that a new naturally occurring Lycopodium alkaloid can be obtained from an endophytic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , 7-7-1, Narashinodai , Funabashi , 274-8555 , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
| | - Waka Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R. , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R. , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , 7-7-1, Narashinodai , Funabashi , 274-8555 , Chiba , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
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Hirose D, Hobara S, Tanabe Y, Uchida M, Kudoh S, Osono T. Abundance, richness, and succession of microfungi in relation to chemical changes in Antarctic moss profiles. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Matsukura K, Hirose D, Kagami M, Osono T, Yamaoka Y. Geographical distributions of rhytismataceous fungi on Camellia japonica leaf litter in Japan. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hirose D, Matsuoka S, Osono T. Assessment of the fungal diversity and succession of ligninolytic endophytes in Camellia japonica leaves using clone library analysis. Mycologia 2017; 105:837-43. [DOI: 10.3852/12-385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hirose
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555 Japan
| | | | - Takashi Osono
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113 Japan
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Hirose D, Hobara S, Matsuoka S, Kato K, Tanabe Y, Uchida M, Kudoh S, Osono T. Diversity and community assembly of moss-associated fungi in ice-free coastal outcrops of continental Antarctica. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yamashita S, Hirose D. Phylogenetic analysis of Ganoderma australe complex in a Bornean tropical rainforest and implications for mechanism of coexistence of various phylogenetic types. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baba T, Hirose D, Sasaki N, Watanabe N, Kobayashi N, Kurashige Y, Karimi F, Ban T. Mycorrhizal Formation and Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Hair Roots of Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. in Japan. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:186-9. [PMID: 27297892 PMCID: PMC4912157 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The root diameters as well as colonization and diversity of the root-associating fungi of Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. were investigated in order to obtain information on their mycorrhizal properties. The distal regions of roots had typical hair roots with diameters of less than 100 μm. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ErMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) were frequently observed in the roots. Ascomycetes, particularly helotialean fungi, appeared to be dominant among the endophytic fungi of V. oldhamii roots. Furthermore, Rhizoscyphus ericae (Read) Zhuang & Korf and Oidiodendron maius Barron known as ErMF were detected more frequently than other fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologySaiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 3–5–8Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon UniversityFunabashi, Chiba 274–8555Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Sasaki
- Gene Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologySaiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 3–5–8Japan
| | - Naoaki Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologySaiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 3–5–8Japan
| | - Nobuo Kobayashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane UniversityMatsue, Shimane 690–8504
| | - Yuji Kurashige
- Niigata Prefectural Botanical GardenKanadzu, Akiha, Niigata 956–0845
| | - Fraidoon Karimi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologySaiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 3–5–8Japan
| | - Takuya Ban
- Faculty of Agriculture Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologySaiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 3–5–8Japan
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Miyagishi H, Kosuge Y, Takano A, Endo M, Nango H, Yamagata-Murayama S, Hirose D, Kano R, Tanaka Y, Ishige K, Ito Y. Increased Expression of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase in Spinal Astrocytes During Disease Progression in a Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:445-452. [PMID: 27140190 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by selective loss of motor neurons. Both ALS model mice and patients with sporadic ALS have increased levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, the protein levels of microsomal PGE synthase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, which catalyze PGE2 biosynthesis, are significantly increased in the spinal cord of ALS model mice. However, it is unclear whether PGE2 metabolism in the spinal cord is altered. In the present study, we investigated the protein level of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a key enzyme in prostaglandin metabolism, in ALS model mice at three different disease stages. Western blotting revealed that the 15-PGDH level was significantly increased in the lumbar spinal cord at the symptomatic stage and end stage. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that 15-PGDH immunoreactivity was localized in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes at the end stage. In contrast, 15-PGDH immunoreactivity was not identified in NeuN-positive large cells showing the typical morphology of motor neurons in the anterior horn. Unlike 15-PGDH, the level of PGE2 in the spinal cord was increased only at the end stage. These results suggest that the significant increase of PGE2 at the end stage of ALS in this mouse model is attributable to an imbalance of the synthetic pathway and 15-PGDH-dependent scavenging system for PGE2, and that this drives the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for transition from the symptomatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Miyagishi
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Takano
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Manami Endo
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nango
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | | | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Rui Kano
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- School of Dentistry of Matsudo, Nihon University, 2-870-1 Sakaechonishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishige
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ito
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
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Kano R, Sobukawa H, Murayama SY, Hirose D, Tanaka Y, Kosuge Y, Hasegawa A, Kamata H. In vitro resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to azole farm fungicide. J Infect Chemother 2015; 22:133-6. [PMID: 26711232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is mainly due to a point mutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51A) gene, which encodes the target of azole fungicides. Moreover, overexpression of CYP51B or multidrug resistance (MDR) gene is supposedly related to the mechanism of azole resistance in A. fumigatus. In this study, we tried to induce resistance to tetraconazole, an azole fungicide, in strains of A. fumigatus from a farm and then investigated mutation and expression of their CYP51A, CYP51B, and multidrug resistance (MDR) genes. Three tetraconazole resistant strains were induced and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for tetraconazole was 145 mg/L. However, the MICs of itraconazole (ITZ), posaconazole (POS), and voriconazole (VRZ) obtained by an E-test of the three tetraconazole resistant strains were 0.064-0.19 mg/L for ITZ, 0.023-0.32 mg/L for POS, and 0.047-0.064 mg/L for VRZ. No gene mutations were detected in the CYP 51A sequence amplified in these strains. RT-PCR of cyp51A and cyp51B indicated that the tetraconazole resistant strains more highly expressed these genes than the susceptible strain in tetraconazole containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kano
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideto Sobukawa
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | | | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 5274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- School of Dentistry of Matsudo, Nihon University, 2-870-1 Sakaechonishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 5274-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hasegawa
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 539 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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Martinović T, Koukol O, Hirose D. Distinct phylogeographic structure recognized within Desmazierella acicola. Mycologia 2015; 108:20-30. [PMID: 26490702 DOI: 10.3852/14-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Desmazierella acicola (anamorph Verticicladium trifidum, Chorioactidaceae) represents a frequent colonizer of pine needles in litter. Considering the global diversity and distribution of pine species, we expected different phylogenetic lineages to exist in different geographical and climatic areas inhabited by these hosts. We compared DNA sequence data with phenotypic characteristics (morphology of the anamorph and growth at three different temperatures) of 43 strains isolated mostly from pine and also spruce needle litter sampled in various geographical areas. Analyses of ITS rDNA recovered eight geographically structured lineages. Fragments of genes for the translation elongation factor 1-α, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II reproduced similar lineages, although not all of them were monophyletic. The similarity in ITS sequences among the clade with samples from Continental-Atlantic Europe and four other clades was lower than 95%. Several lineages exhibit also a tendency toward host specificity to a particular pine species. Growth tests at different temperatures indicated a different tolerance to specific climatic conditions in different geographic areas. However, the surveyed phenotypic characteristics also showed high variation within lineages, most evident in the morphology of the anamorph. Until a morphological study of the teleomorph is carried out, all of these lineages should be treated as distinct populations within a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Martinović
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Charles University in Prague, Faculty, of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Koukol
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Degawa Y, Hirose D, Fukuda M, Yamada A. Morphology and phylogeny of four Endogone species and Sphaerocreas pubescens collected in Japan. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hagiwara Y, Matsuoka S, Hobara S, Mori AS, Hirose D, Osono T. Bleaching of leaf litter and associated microfungi in subboreal and subalpine forests. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:735-43. [PMID: 26186502 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal decomposition of lignin leads to the whitening, or bleaching, of leaf litter, especially in temperate and tropical forests, but less is known about such bleaching in forests of cooler regions, such as boreal and subalpine forests. The purposes of the present study were to examine the extent of bleached area on the surface of leaf litter and its variation with environmental conditions in subboreal and subalpine forests in Japan and to examine the microfungi associated with the bleaching of leaf litter by isolating fungi from the bleached portions of the litter. Bleached area accounted for 21.7%-32.7% and 2.0%-10.0% of total leaf area of Quercus crispula and Betula ermanii, respectively, in subboreal forests, and for 6.3% and 18.6% of total leaf area of B. ermanii and Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis, respectively, in a subalpine forest. In subboreal forests, elevation, C/N ratio and pH of the FH layer, and slope aspect were selected as predictor variables for the bleached leaf area. Leaf mass per area and lignin content were consistently lower in the bleached area than in the nonbleached area of the same leaves, indicating that the selective decomposition of acid unhydrolyzable residue (recalcitrant compounds such as lignin, tannins, and cutins) enhanced the mass loss of leaf tissues in the bleached portions. Isolates of a total of 11 fungal species (6 species of Ascomycota and 5 of Basidiomycota) exhibited leaf-litter-bleaching activity under pure culture conditions. Two fungal species (Coccomyces sp. and Mycena sp.) occurred in both subboreal and subalpine forests, which were separated from each other by approximately 1100 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hagiwara
- a Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuoka
- a Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Satoru Hobara
- b Department of Environmental Symbiotic Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Akira S Mori
- c Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 204-8501, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- d College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Osono
- a Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
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Kano R, Kohata E, Tateishi A, Murayama SY, Hirose D, Shibata Y, Kosuge Y, Inoue H, Kamata H, Hasegawa A. Does farm fungicide use induce azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus? Med Mycol 2014; 53:174-7. [PMID: 25541556 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azole resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates has been reported worldwide and it would appear to be mainly due to a point mutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51A) gene, which is the target enzyme for azoles. The mutation has been confirmed in isolates from patients who received long-term itraconazole (ITZ) therapy and from agricultural fields where high levels of azole fungicides were employed. However, the relationship between farm environments and azole-resistant A. fumigatus has not been fully studied. In this investigation, 50 isolates of A. fumigatus were obtained from a farm where tetraconazole has been sprayed twice a year for more than 15 years. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates was 0.74 (0.19-1.5) mg/L against ITZ, which was below the medical resistance level of ITZ. The sequence of CYP51A from isolates indicated no gene mutations in isolates from the farm. Antifungal susceptibility of isolates to tetraconazole showed that spraying with tetraconazole did not induce resistance to tetraconazole or ITZ in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kano
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Erina Kohata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Tateishi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | | | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, 5274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuko Shibata
- School of Dentistry of Matsudo, Nihon University, 2-870-1 Sakaechonishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi, 5274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fuzisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hasegawa
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, 539 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan
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Ogawa Y, Hirose D, Akiyama A, Ichinoe M. Examination of the taxonomic position of Penicillium strains used in blue cheese production based on the partial sequence of β-tubulin. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2014; 55:157-61. [PMID: 24990763 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.55.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium roqueforti is a well known starter used for blue cheese production. Two closely related species, P. carneum and P. paneum, were previously classified as varieties of P. roqueforti. Penicillium roqueforti does not produce patulin, a mycotoxin harmful for human health, whereas both P. carneum and P. paneum actively produce this toxin. From the viewpoint of food safety, it is thus important to confirm that P. carneum and P. paneum are not used for cheese production. In the present study, the taxonomic position of Penicillium strains used for blue cheese production was examined on the basis of the partial sequence of β-tubulin. Twenty-eight Penicillium strains isolated from blue cheeses were investigated. All the examined strains belonged to P. roqueforti. Therefore, the Penicillium strains used for production of the blue cheese samples examined here do not negatively impact on human health.
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Lemoine S, Fournier T, Kocevar G, Belloi A, Ibarrola D, Sappey-Marinier D, Juillard L, Kaysen G, Usvyat L, Grassmann A, Marcelli D, Pecoits-Filho R, Marelli C, Kooman J, Van Der Sande F, Haviv Y, Power A, Kotanko P, Migliori M, Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Paoletti S, Panichi V, Kuragano T, Yahiro M, Kida A, Nagasawa Y, Hasuike Y, Nanami M, Nakanishi T, Garneata L, Slusanschi O, Dragomir DR, Corbu-Stancu A, Barbulescu C, Mircescu G, Minutolo R, Borrelli S, De Nicola L, Conte G, Basic-Jukic N, Katalinic L, Ivandic E, Kes P, Jelakovic B, Beberashvili I, Sinuani I, Azar A, Shapiro G, Feldman L, Stav K, Sandbank J, Averbukh Z, Bruschetta E, Righetti M, Colombo F, Palmieri N, Prencipe M, Bracchi O, Stefani F, Amar K, Scalia A, Conte F, Rosenberger J, Majernikova M, Kissova V, Straussova Z, Boldizsar J, Cobo G, Di Gioia C, Camacho R, Garcia Lacalle C, Ortega O, Rodriguez I, Mon C, Ortiz M, Herrero J, Oliet A, Vigil A, Gallar P, Kyriazis J, Markaki A, Kourtesi K, Kalymniou M, Vougazianos S, Kyriazis P, Stylianou K, Tanaka H, Tsuneyoshi S, Sawa M, Fujisaki K, Daijo Y, Hristea D, Paris A, Lefrancois G, Volteau C, Savoiu C, Ozenne S, Testa A, Coupel S, Bertho I, Legall MC, Magnard J, Deschamps T, Capusa C, Stoian I, Barbulescu C, Santimbrean C, Dumitru D, Mircescu G, Kato S, Lindholm B, Yuzawa Y, Shiels PG, Hwang JC, Jiang MY, Lu YH, Wang CT, Chiou TTY, Lee YT, Ng HY, Lee CT, Kaminska D, Koscielska-Kasprzak K, Chudoba P, Mazanowska O, Zabinska M, Banasik M, Boratynska M, Lepiesza A, Korta K, Klinger M, Struijk-Wielinga T, Neelemaat F, Slieker T, Koolen M, Ter Wee PM, Weijs PJ\, Tsuchida K, Hirose D, Minakuchi J, Kawashima S, Tomo T, Lee JE, Yun GY, Choi HY, Lee S, Kim W, Jo IY, Ha SK, Kim HJ, Park HC, Migliori M, Scatena A, Cantaluppi V, Rosati A, Pizzarelli F, Panichi V, Shin BC, Kim HL, Chung JH, Malgorzewicz S, Chmmielewski M, Debska-Slizien A, Rutkowski B, Kolesnyk M, Stepanova N, Korol L, Kulizkyi M, Ablogina O, Migal L, Takahashi T, Kitajima Y, Hirano S, Naka A, Ogawa H, Aono M, Sato Y, Hoppe K, Schwermer K, K Ysz P, Kaczmarek J, Baum E, Sikorska D, Radziszewska D, Szkudlarek M, Olejniczak P, Pawlaczyk K, Lindholm B, Oko A, Severova Andreevska G, Trajceska L, Gelev S, Dzekova P, Selim G, Sikole A, Trajceska L, Severova Andreevska G, Rambabova Busletik I, Gelev S, Pavleska Kuzmanovska S, Dzekova Vidimiski P, Selim G, Sikole A, Borrelli S, De Simone E, Laurino S, De Simone W, Ahbap E, Kara E, Basturk T, Sakaci T, Koc Y, Sahutoglu T, Akgol C, Sevinc M, Atan Ucar Z, Unsal A, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Martus P, Pawlak M, Storr M, Boehler T, Templin M, Trojanowicz B, Ulrich C, Glomb M, Liehr K, Werner K, Zickler D, Schindler R, Vishnevskii KA, Gerasimchuk RP, Zemchenkov AY, Moura A, Madureira J, Alija P, Fernandes JC, Oliveira JG, Lopez M, Filgueiras M, Amado L, Sameiro-Faria M, Miranda V, Vieira M, Santos-Silva A, Costa E, Zaluska W, Kotlinska-Hasiec EKH, Zaluska A, Rzecki Z, Zadora P, Dabrowski W, Sikole A, Trajceska L, Amitov V, Busletik IR, Dzekova P, Selim G, Severova Andreevska G, Gelev S, Aicardi Spalloni V, La Milia V, Longhi S, Volo L, Del Vecchio L, Pontoriero G, Locatelli F, Martino F, Scalzotto E, Corradi V, Nalesso F, Zanella M, Brandolan A, Perez De Jose A, Abad S, Vega A, Reque J, Quiroga B, Lopez-Gomez JM, Esteve Simo V, Duarte Gallego V, Moreno Guzman F, Fulquet Nicolas M, Pou Potau M, Saurina Sole A, Carneiro Oliveira J, Ramirez De Arellano Serna M, Ahbap E, Kara E, Basturk T, Koc Y, Sakaci T, Sahutoglu T, Sevinc M, Atan Ucar Z, Unsal A, Van Diepen AT, Hoekstra T, De Mutsert R, Rotmans JI, De Boer M, Suttorp MM, Struijk DG, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT, Dekker FW, Trigka K, Chouchoulis K, Musso CG, Kaza M, Mpimpi A, Pipili C, Kyritsis I, Douzdampanis P, Streja E, Rezakhani S, Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Streja E, Doshi M, Rhee C, Kovesdy C, Moradi H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Dantas MA, Resende LL, Silva LF, Matos CM, Lopes GB, Lopes AA, Knap B, Arnol M, Buturovic J, Ponikvar R, Bren A, Codognotto M, Piasentin P, Conte F, Righetti M, Limido A, Tsuchida K, Michiwaki H, Minakuchi J, Kawashima S, Tomo T, Mutsaers HA, Jansen J, Van Den Broek PH, Verweij VG, Van Den Heuvel LP, Hoenderop JG, Masereeuw R, Clari R, Mongilardi E, Vigotti FN, Scognamiglio S, Consiglio V, Nazha M, Avagnina P, Piccoli G, Costelloe SJ, Freeman J, Keane DF, Lindley EJ, Thompson D, Kang GW, Lee IH, Ahn KS. DIALYSIS. PROTEIN-ENERGY WASTING, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hirose D, Degawa Y, Yamamoto K, Yamada A. Sphaerocreas pubescens is a member of the Mucoromycotina closely related to fungi associated with liverworts and hornworts. MYCOSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ikeda A, Matsuoka S, Masuya H, Mori AS, Hirose D, Osono T. Comparison of the diversity, composition, and host recurrence of xylariaceous endophytes in subtropical, cool temperate, and subboreal regions in Japan. POPUL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Itagaki T, Motoyoshi N, Kobayashi H, Ogawa Y, Hirose D, Inokuchi N. Cloning and characterization of ribonuclease T2 gene (RNHe30) from the basidiomycete, Hericium erinaceum. MYCOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hirose D, Tanabe Y, Uchida M, Kudoh S, Osono T. Microfungi associated with withering willow wood in ground contact near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for 40 years. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sugiura R, Kita A, Tsutsui N, Muraoka O, Hagihara K, Umeda N, Kunoh T, Takada H, Hirose D. Acremomannolipin A, the potential calcium signal modulator with a characteristic glycolipid structure from the filamentous fungus Acremonium strictum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6735-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Shirouzu T, Hirose D, Oberwinkler F, Shimomura N, Maekawa N, Tokumasu S. Combined molecular and morphological data for improving phylogenetic hypothesis in Dacrymycetes. Mycologia 2012; 105:1110-25. [PMID: 22962355 DOI: 10.3852/12-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the DNA sequences of four gene regions, 28S and 18S rDNA, the ITS region and rpb2, to obtain a high resolution phylogenetic tree of Dacrymycetes. In addition, we comparatively studied micro- and macromorphological characteristics of representative species. The traditional generic classification based on morphological characteristics was not reflected by our molecular phylogenies. Ancestral state reconstructions indicated that the morphology of basidia and clamp connections are evolutionarily stable. In contrast, basidiocarps and basidiospore septation patterns appear variable. Dacrymyces unisporus shares the dolipores with non-perforate parenthesomes typical of other dacrymycetous taxa but is a unique species having predominantly non-bifurcate basidia and subglobose to ovoid basidiospores with transverse and longitudinal septa. In molecular phylogenies this species is a member of Dacrymycetes but always occupies a sister position in relation to the rest of the Dacrymycetes. Based on our results we propose a new genus, Unilacryma, for D. unisporus. For proper accommodation of this taxon, we introduce the family Unilacrymaceae and the order Unilacrymales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shirouzu
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Minami, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Hirose D, Degawa Y, Inaba S, Tokumasu S. The anamorphic genus <i>Calcarisporiella</i> is a new member of the Mucoromycotina. MYCOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.47371/s10267-011-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Ogawa Y, Sugiyama M, Hirose D, Kusama-Eguchi K, Tokumasu S. Polyphyly of intraspecific groups of Umbelopsis ramanniana and their genetic and morphological variation. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-010-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hosoya T, Hirose D, Fujisaki M, Tokumasu S, Kakishima M, Osono T, Kubono T. Internal transcribed spacer haplotype diversity and their geographical distribution in Dasyscyphella longistipitata (Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales) occurring on Fagus crenata cupules in Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-009-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hosoya T, Hirose D, Fujisaki M, Osono T, Kubono T, Tokumasu S, Kakishima M. Internal transcribed spacer haplotype diversity and their geographical distribution in <i>Dasyscyphella longistipitata</i> (Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales) occurring on <i>Fagus crenata</i> cupules in Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.myc51116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Osono T, Hirose D. Altitudinal distribution of microfungi associated with Betula ermanii leaf litter on Mt. Rishiri, northern Japan. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:783-9. [DOI: 10.1139/w09-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The altitudinal distribution of microfungi associated with Betula ermanii Cham. leaf litter was investigated on Mt. Rishiri (1719 m), northern Japan. Fallen leaves were collected at five sites of different altitudes (appoximately 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 m above sea level) along a transect on the northern slope of Mt. Rishiri. A total of 35 species were isolated from Betula leaf litter of which 12 occurred frequently and were regarded as dominant microfungi. Species richness, diversity, and equitability of microfungal assemblages were lower at Site 1500 than at the other sites. Similarities in species composition were relatively high among Sites 300, 600, and 900, but similarities between these sites and sites at the higher altitudes (i.e., Sites 1200 and 1500) were relatively low. Similarity of species composition was relatively low between Sites 1200 and 1500. Cluster analysis showed that the 12 major microfungal species were classified into four groups according to their pattern of altitudinal distribution that peaked at Sites 600, 900, 1200, and 1500, respectively. These results suggest that the diversity and species composition of Betula microfungi are sensitive to environmental changes along the altitudinal transect on Mt. Rishiri, and this is especially so at the altitudes higher than approximately 1200 m. This implies that future environmental changes will have impacts on mountainous ecosystems through the changes in diversity and functional aspects of microfungal assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Osono
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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