Impact of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus on Peroxisome Proliferation, Redox Reactions, and Resistance Responses in Wheat

Latest Review Papers in Molecular Plant Sciences 2023

Success in sustaining food security in the face of global climate change depends on the multi-disciplinary efforts of plant science, physics, mathematics, and computer sciences, whereby each discipline contributes specific concepts, information, and tools [...].

A virus induces alterations in root morphology while exerting minimal effects on the rhizosphere and endosphere microorganisms in rice

The highly destructive southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) causes significant losses in rice production. To understand its impact on rice root, we studied fibrous root development and root microbiota variation (rhizosphere and endosphere) after SRBSDV infection. SRBSDV infection reduced the number and length of fibrous roots in rice. Interestingly, the rhizosphere had higher bacterial diversity and abundance at the initial (0 days) and 30-day postinfection stages, while 30-day-old roots showed increased diversity and abundance. However, there were no significant differences in microbiota diversity between infected and noninfected rice plants. The major rhizosphere microbiota included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Acidobacteriota, and Planctomycetota, comprising about 80% of the community. The endosphere was dominated by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, constituting over 90%, with Bacteroidota as the next most prominent group. Further, we identified differentially expressed genes related to plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal, and ABC transporters, potentially affecting root morphology. Notably, specific bacteria (e.g. Inquilinus and Actinoplanes) showed correlations with these pathways. In conclusion, SRBSDV primarily influences root growth through host metabolism, rather than exerting direct effects on the root microbiota. These insights into the interactions among the pathogen, rice plant, and associated microbiota could have implications for managing SRBSDV's detrimental effects on rice production.

Organellomic gradients in the fourth dimension

Organelles function as hubs of cellular metabolism and elements of cellular architecture. In addition to 3 spatial dimensions that describe the morphology and localization of each organelle, the time dimension describes complexity of the organelle life cycle, comprising formation, maturation, functioning, decay, and degradation. Thus, structurally identical organelles could be biochemically different. All organelles present in a biological system at a given moment of time constitute the organellome. The homeostasis of the organellome is maintained by complex feedback and feedforward interactions between cellular chemical reactions and by the energy demands. Synchronized changes of organelle structure, activity, and abundance in response to environmental cues generate the fourth dimension of plant polarity. Temporal variability of the organellome highlights the importance of organellomic parameters for understanding plant phenotypic plasticity and environmental resiliency. Organellomics involves experimental approaches for characterizing structural diversity and quantifying the abundance of organelles in individual cells, tissues, or organs. Expanding the arsenal of appropriate organellomics tools and determining parameters of the organellome complexity would complement existing -omics approaches in comprehending the phenomenon of plant polarity. To highlight the importance of the fourth dimension, this review provides examples of organellome plasticity during different developmental or environmental situations.

Antiviral modes of action of the novel compound GLY-15 containing pyrimidine heterocycle and moroxydine skeleton against tobacco mosaic virus

BACKGROUND

Plant virus diseases are difficult to prevent and control, causing serious economic losses to the agricultural production world. To develop new pesticides with antiviral activity, a serial of compounds containing the structure of pyrimidine and moroxydine were synthesized, among which GLY-15 exhibited good antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), while the mechanism of antiviral activity remains to be clarified.

RESULTS

GLY-15 treatment significantly inhibited the formation of necrotic spots caused by TMV in Nicotiana glutinosa, and effectively suppressed the systemic transportation of TMV expressing a reporter gene (p35S-30B:GFP) in N. benthamiana and markedly reduced the accumulation of a movement deficient TMV in plants as well as viral RNA accumulation in tobacco protoplasts. The results of RNA sequencing showed that GLY-15 induced significant differential expression of genes or pathways involved in the stress response, defense response and signal transduction, phytohormone response and metabolism. Among them, real-time quantitative PCR validated that the expression of 12 critical genes such as heat shock protein, receptor kinase, cell-wall-related protein, disease-related protein and glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase were significantly up-regulated. In addition, GLY-15 triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induced the activity of several crucial defense related enzymes in plants. The results of molecular docking showed potential binding ability of GLY-15 with TMV helicase and the coat protein.

CONCLUSION

This study provide valuable insights into antiviral mechanism of action for GLY-15, which is expected to be applied as a pesticide for the management of plant viruses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.