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Park WY, Song G, Park JY, Jung SJ, Kim S, Ahn KS, Choe SK, Kwak HJ, Park J, Um JY. Epigallocatechin gallate protects against fat and muscle atrophy in B16BL6 melanoma-bearing mice on a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2024; 348:122677. [PMID: 38702026 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological evidence indicates that there is a substantial association between body mass index (BMI) and at least ten forms of cancer, including melanoma, and BMI imbalance contributes to the poor survival rate of cancer patients before and after therapy. Nevertheless, few pharmacological studies on models of obesity and cancer have been reported. In this study, we administered epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) to examine its impact. METHODS B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice were fed a HFD. Body weight and food intake were documented every week. We conducted a Western blot analysis to examine the protein levels in the tumor, gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, as well as the inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissues (iWAT and eWAT). KEY FINDINGS EGCG has been shown to have anti-cancer effects equivalent to those of cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. Furthermore, EGCG protected against the loss of epidydimal white adipose tissue by regulating protein levels of lipolysis factors of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase as well as WAT browning factors of uncoupling protein 1, as opposed to cisplatin. EGCG was shown to reduce the protein levels of muscular atrophy factors of muscle RING-finger protein-1, whereas cisplatin did not contribute to rescuing the atrophy of TA and GAS muscles. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that EGCG has a preventive effect against cachexia symptoms and has anti-cancer effects similar to those of cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yeon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Man Y, Xin D, Ji Y, Liu Y, Kou L, Jiang L. Identification and validation of a novel six-gene signature based on mucinous adenocarcinoma-related gene molecular typing in colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:63. [PMID: 38443703 PMCID: PMC10914658 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a particular pathological type that has yet to be thoroughly studied. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of colorectal MAC-related genes in colorectal cancer (CRC), explore the role of MAC-related genes in accurately classifying CRC, and further construct a prognostic signature. METHODS CRC samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). MAC-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in TCGA samples. Based on colorectal MAC-related genes, TCGA CRC samples were molecularly typed by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). According to the molecular subtype characteristics, the RiskScore signature was constructed through univariate Cox, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Clinical significance in CRC of the RiskScore signature was analyzed. A nomogram was further built based on the RiskScore signature. RESULTS From the colorectal MAC-related genes, three distinct molecular subtypes were identified. A RiskScore signature composed of six CRC subtype-related genes (CALB1, MMP1, HOXC6, ZIC2, SFTA2, and HYAL1) was constructed. Patients with high-RiskScores had the worse prognoses. RiskScores led to differences in gene mutation characteristics, antitumor drug sensitivity, and tumor microenvironment of CRC. A nomogram based on the signature was developed to predict the one-, three-, and five-year survival of CRC patients. CONCLUSION MAC-related genes were able to classify CRC. A RiskScore signature based on the colorectal MAC-related molecular subtype was constructed, which had important clinical significance for guiding the accurate stratification of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Man
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dao Xin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Ji
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingna Kou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Zhu Y, Zhang E, Gao H, Shang C, Yin M, Ma M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li X. Resistomycin Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling to Induce the Apoptotic Death of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:622. [PMID: 38132944 PMCID: PMC10745072 DOI: 10.3390/md21120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistomycin is a natural antibiotic related to quinone that has been shown to exhibit robust antitumor activity. To further characterize the mechanistic basis for such activity, human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were selected as a model to explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the ability of resistomycin to induce apoptotic cell death. These analyses revealed that resistomycin was able to suppress β-catenin, TCF4, and GSK-3β expression, together with that of the downstream targets c-Myc and survivin. This coincided with elevated cleaved caspase-3 and Bax protein levels and a decline in Bcl-2 content. When β-catenin was silenced, this further enhanced the ability of resistomycin to induce apoptotic CRC cell death, whereas this apoptotic process was partially ablated when cells were treated using lithium chloride to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overall, these results support a model wherein resistomycin inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling within CRC cells, thereby inducing apoptotic death. Further research may be warranted to better clarify the potential utility of this compound as a candidate drug for use in the treatment of patients suffering from this form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - E Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Huan Gao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chuangeng Shang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mengxiong Yin
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mingtao Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuanfeng Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China; (Y.Z.); (E.Z.); (H.G.); (C.S.); (M.Y.); (M.M.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
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4
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Falcone N, Ermis M, Tamay DG, Mecwan M, Monirizad M, Mathes TG, Jucaud V, Choroomi A, de Barros NR, Zhu Y, Vrana NE, Kraatz HB, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Peptide Hydrogels as Immunomaterials and Their Use in Cancer Immunotherapy Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301096. [PMID: 37256647 PMCID: PMC10615713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogel biomaterials have emerged as an excellent strategy for immune system modulation. Peptide-based hydrogels are supramolecular materials that self-assemble into various nanostructures through various interactive forces (i.e., hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions) and respond to microenvironmental stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature). While they have been reported in numerous biomedical applications, they have recently been deemed promising candidates to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies and treatments. Immunotherapies seek to harness the body's immune system to preemptively protect against and treat various diseases, such as cancer. However, their low efficacy rates result in limited patient responses to treatment. Here, the immunomaterial's potential to improve these efficacy rates by either functioning as immune stimulators through direct immune system interactions and/or delivering a range of immune agents is highlighted. The chemical and physical properties of these peptide-based materials that lead to immuno modulation and how one may design a system to achieve desired immune responses in a controllable manner are discussed. Works in the literature that reports peptide hydrogels as adjuvant systems and for the delivery of immunotherapies are highlighted. Finally, the future trends and possible developments based on peptide hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilara Goksu Tamay
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Mahsa Monirizad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Tess Grett Mathes
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- SPARTHA Medical, CRBS 1 Rue Eugene Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
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5
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Guo XW, Lei RE, Zhou QN, Zhang G, Hu BL, Liang YX. Tumor microenvironment characterization in colorectal cancer to identify prognostic and immunotherapy genes signature. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:773. [PMID: 37596528 PMCID: PMC10436413 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic response in many cancers. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the role of TME in colorectal cancer (CRC) by generating a TMEscore based on gene expression. METHODS The TME patterns of CRC datasets were investigated, and the TMEscores were calculated. An unsupervised clustering method was used to divide samples into clusters. The associations between TMEscores and clinical features, prognosis, immune score, gene mutations, and immune checkpoint inhibitors were analyzed. A TME signature was constructed using the TMEscore-related genes. The results were validated using external and clinical cohorts. RESULTS The TME pattern landscape was for CRC was examined using 960 samples, and then the TMEscore pattern of CRC datasets was evaluated. Two TMEscore clusters were identified, and the high TMEscore cluster was associated with early-stage CRC and better prognosis in patients with CRC when compared with the low TMEscore clusters. The high TMEscore cluster indicated elevated tumor cell scores and tumor gene mutation burden, and decreased tumor purity, when compared with the low TMEscore cluster. Patients with high TMEscore were more likely to respond to immune checkpoint therapy than those with low TMEscore. A TME signature was constructed using the TMEscore-related genes superimposing the results of two machine learning methods (LASSO and XGBoost algorithms), and a TMEscore-related four-gene signature was established, which had a high predictive value for discriminating patients from different TMEscore clusters. The prognostic value of the TMEscore was validated in two independent cohorts, and the expression of TME signature genes was verified in four external cohorts and clinical samples. CONCLUSION Our study provides a comprehensive description of TME characteristics in CRC and demonstrates that the TMEscore is a reliable prognostic biomarker and predictive indicator for patients with CRC undergoing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.6 Tao-Yuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong-E Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing-Nan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.6 Tao-Yuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.6 Tao-Yuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Bang-Li Hu
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.6 Tao-Yuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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6
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Tomé-Sánchez I, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Martín-Diana AB, Rico D, Jiménez-Pulido I, Frias J, Dia VP. Antioxidant, Immunostimulatory, and Anticancer Properties of Hydrolyzed Wheat Bran Mediated through Macrophages Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087436. [PMID: 37108599 PMCID: PMC10139194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis enhances wheat bran (WB) biological properties. This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effect of a WB hydrolysate (HYD) and a mousse enriched with HYD (MH) before and after in vitro digestion on murine and human macrophages. The antiproliferative activity of the harvested macrophage supernatant on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was also analyzed. MH showed significantly higher content than control mousse (M) in soluble poly- and oligosaccharides (OLSC), as well as total soluble phenolic compounds (TSPC). Although in vitro gastrointestinal digestion slightly reduced the TSPC bioaccessibility of MH, ferulic acid (FA) levels remained stable. HYD showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by MH, which demonstrated a greater antioxidant activity before and after digestion as compared with M. RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells released the highest amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines after being treated with 0.5 mg/mL of digested WB samples. Treatment with digested HYD-stimulated RAW264.7 supernatant for 96 h showed the most anticancer effect, and spent medium reduced cancer cell colonies more than direct WB sample treatments. Although a lack of inner mitochondrial membrane potential alteration was found, increased Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression suggested activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway when CRC cells were treated with macrophage supernatants. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were positively correlated with the cell viability in CRC cells exposed to RAW264.7 supernatants (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) but was not correlated in CRC cells treated with THP-1 conditioned media. Supernatant from WB-stimulated THP-1 cells may be able to stimulate ROS production in HT-29 cells, leading to a decrease of viable cells in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, our present study revealed a novel anti-tumour mechanism of HYD through the stimulation of cytokine production in macrophages and the indirect inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation, and activation of pro-apoptotic proteins expression in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tomé-Sánchez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon, Government of Castilla and Leon, Finca Zamadueñas, Castilla and Leon, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon, Government of Castilla and Leon, Finca Zamadueñas, Castilla and Leon, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Jiménez-Pulido
- Agricultural Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon, Government of Castilla and Leon, Finca Zamadueñas, Castilla and Leon, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juana Frias
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vermont P Dia
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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7
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Hao M, Li H, Yi M, Zhu Y, Wang K, Liu Y, Liang X, Ding L. Development of an immune-related gene prognostic risk model and identification of an immune infiltration signature in the tumor microenvironment of colon cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:58. [PMID: 36890467 PMCID: PMC9996977 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor. Its incidence is increasing rapidly with poor prognosis. At present, immunotherapy is a rapidly developing treatment for colon cancer. The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic risk model based on immune genes for early diagnosis and accurate prognostic prediction of colon cancer. METHODS Transcriptome data and clinical data were downloaded from the cancer Genome Atlas database. Immunity genes were obtained from ImmPort database. The differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were obtained from Cistrome database. Differentially expressed (DE) immune genes were identified in 473 cases of colon cancer and 41 cases of normal adjacent tissues. An immune-related prognostic model of colon cancer was established and its clinical applicability was verified. Among 318 tumor-related transcription factors, differentially expressed transcription factors were finally obtained, and a regulatory network was constructed according to the up-down regulatory relationship. RESULTS A total of 477 DE immune genes (180 up-regulated and 297 down-regulated) were detected. We developed and validated twelve immune gene models for colon cancer, including SLC10A2, FABP4, FGF2, CCL28, IGKV1-6, IGLV6-57, ESM1, UCN, UTS2, VIP, IL1RL2, NGFR. The model was proved to be an independent prognostic variable with good prognostic ability. A total of 68 DE TFs (40 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated) were obtained. The regulation network between TF and immune genes was plotted by using TF as source node and immune genes as target node. In addition, Macrophage, Myeloid Dendritic cell and CD4+ T cell increased with the increase of risk score. CONCLUSION We developed and validated twelve immune gene models for colon cancer, including SLC10A2, FABP4, FGF2, CCL28, IGKV1-6, IGLV6-57, ESM1, UCN, UTS2, VIP, IL1RL2, NGFR. This model can be used as a tool variable to predict the prognosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Hao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Meng Yi
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yubing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100038, China.
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8
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Jeong KY. Challenges to addressing the unmet medical needs for immunotherapy targeting cold colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:215-224. [PMID: 36908316 PMCID: PMC9994045 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the establishment of the immune surveillance mechanism since the 1950s, attempts have been made to activate the immune system for cancer treatment through the discovery of various cytokines or the development of antibodies up to now. The fruits of these efforts have contributed to the recognition of the 3rd generation of anticancer immunotherapy as the mainstream of cancer treatment. However, the limitations of cancer immunotherapy are also being recognized through the conceptual establishment of cold tumors recently, and colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a major issue from this therapeutic point of view. Here, it is emphasized that non-clinical strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive environment and clinical trials based on these basic investigations are being made on the journey to achieve better treatment outcomes for the treatment of cold CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Research and Development Center, PearlsinMires, Seoul 03690, South Korea
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9
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Tabolacci C, De Vita D, Facchiano A, Bozzuto G, Beninati S, Failla CM, Di Martile M, Lintas C, Mischiati C, Stringaro A, Del Bufalo D, Facchiano F. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Agents in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032657. [PMID: 36768978 PMCID: PMC9916941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an immunogenic highly heterogenic tumor characterized by poor outcomes when it is diagnosed late. Therefore, immunotherapy in combination with other anti-proliferative approaches is among the most effective weapons to control its growth and metastatic dissemination. Recently, a large amount of published reports indicate the interest of researchers and clinicians about plant secondary metabolites as potentially useful therapeutic tools due to their lower presence of side effects coupled with their high potency and efficacy. Published evidence was reported in most cases through in vitro studies but also, with a growing body of evidence, through in vivo investigations. Our aim was, therefore, to review the published studies focused on the most interesting phytochemicals whose immunomodulatory activities and/or mechanisms of actions were demonstrated and applied to melanoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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10
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Zafari N, Khosravi F, Rezaee Z, Esfandyari S, Bahiraei M, Bahramy A, Ferns GA, Avan A. The role of the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer and the potential therapeutic approaches. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24585. [PMID: 35808903 PMCID: PMC9396196 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) with a high prevalence is recognized as the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death globally. Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the network of tumor cells, stromal cells, immune cells, blood vessel cells, and fibroblasts that comprise the tumor microenvironment (TME) to identify new therapeutic interventions. METHODS Databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched to provide an overview of the recent research progress related to targeting the TME as a novel therapeutic approach. RESULTS Tumor microenvironment as a result of the cross talk between these cells may result in either advantages or disadvantages in tumor development and metastasis, affecting the signals and responses from the surrounding cells. Whilst chemotherapy has led to an improvement in CRC patients' survival, the metastatic aspect of the disease remains difficult to avoid. CONCLUSIONS The present review emphasizes the structure and function of the TME, alterations in the TME, its role in the incidence and progression of CRC, the effects on tumor development and metastasis, and also the potential of its alterations as therapeutic targets. It should be noted that providing novel studies in this field of research might help us to achieve practical therapeutic strategies based on their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health InstituteHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran
| | - Zahra Rezaee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohamad Bahiraei
- Department of Radiology, Besat HospitalHamedan University of Medical SciencesHamedanIran
| | - Afshin Bahramy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical SchoolDivision of Medical EducationSussexUK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Basic Medical Sciences InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Medical Genetics Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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11
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Hu Y, Ding J, Wu C, Gao H, Ge M, Shao Q, Liu Y, Ye Q. Differential Expression and Prognostic Correlation of Immune Related Factors Between Right and Left Side Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845765. [PMID: 35936748 PMCID: PMC9353740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that colorectal cancer (CRC) should be considered a heterogeneous disease. The right side (RCC) and left side (LCC) colorectal cancer have different clinical characteristics and immune landscapes. The aim of this study was to analyze differential expression and prognostic correlation of immune-related factors between RCC and LCC. Methods The gene expression profile and clinical characteristics of CRC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal (n=525). Using a deconvolution algorithm, immune cell infiltration in RCC and LCC based on the RNA-seq data was analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by performing differential gene expression analysis. Immune-related DEGs were derived by the intersection with immune-related factors downloaded from the IMMPORT database. To further validate the findings, we applied immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of a CRC tissue microarray (TMA). The distribution of immune cells in RCC and LCC and changes in the expression of immune molecules on their membranes were verified. The expression levels of circulating cytokines were measured by flow cytometry to detect the cytokines secreted by immune cells in RCC and LCC. Furthermore, to reveal the prognostic value of differential immune factors on RCC and LCC patients, survival analysis based on mRNA levels using TCGA cohort and survival analysis using protein levels was performed using our CRC patients. Results The infiltration of immune cells differed between RCC and LCC, the infiltration degree of macrophages M0 was significantly higher in LCC, while the infiltration degree of differentiated macrophages M1 and M2, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in RCC. The expression of related molecules by immune cells also differed between RCC and LCC. The expression of 7 genes in RCC was higher than that in LCC, which were CCR5, CD209, CD8A, HCK, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRA, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of 2 genes in LCC was higher than in RCC, which were IL-34 and PROCR. Patients with RCC having high expression of HLA-DQA1 mRNA or proteins had better survival and LCC patients with high expression of IL 34 mRNA or protein had better survival. Conclusions In this study, we comprehensively compared differences in immune cells and regulating factors between left and right colorectal cancer. Different expression patterns and their effects on survival were identified. The analysis of immune-related factors may provide a theoretical basis for precise immunotherapy of RCC and LCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Biobank of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Biobank of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Biobank of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Ge
- Biobank of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Biobank of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Liu, ; Qing Ye,
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Liu, ; Qing Ye,
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12
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Chen X, Jia M, Ji J, Zhao Z, Zhao Y. Exosome-Derived Non-Coding RNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer: Possible Functions, Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887532. [PMID: 35646623 PMCID: PMC9133322 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death and the third most prevalent malignancy. Colorectal tumors exchange information with the surrounding environment and influence each other, which collectively constitutes the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CRC. Many studies have shown that exosome-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in various pathophysiological processes by regulating the TME of CRC. This review summarizes recent findings on the fundamental roles of exosomal ncRNAs in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, tumor immunity, tumor metabolism and drug resistance. Certainly, the in-depth understanding of exosomal ncRNAs will provide comprehensive insights into the clinical application of these molecules against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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