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Ricci Hagman J, Hult AK, Hellberg Å, Olsson ML. Truncated glycosyltransferase coding regions in novel ABO alleles give rise to weak A or B blood group expression and discrepant typing results. Transfusion 2023; 63:1951-1961. [PMID: 37694916 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct ABO blood-group matching between donor and patient is crucial for safe transfusions. We investigated the underlying reason causing inconclusive ABO serology in samples referred to our laboratory. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Flow cytometric analysis, ABO genotyping, and sequencing were used to characterize ABO-discrepant blood samples (n = 13). ABO gene variants were inserted in a GFP-containing bicistronic vector to assess A/B expression following overexpression in HeLa cells. RESULTS Seven novel alleles with nonsense mutations predicted to truncate the encoded ABO glycosyltransferases were identified. While these variants could represent O alleles, serology showed signs of ABO glycosyltransferase activity. ABO*A1.01-related alleles displayed remarkably characteristic percentages of A-positive cells for samples with the same variant: c.42C>A (p.Cys14*; 10%), c.102C>A (p.Tyr34*; 31%-32%, n = 2), c.106dup (p.Val36Glyfs*21; 16%-17%, n = 3) or c.181_182ins (p.Leu61Argfs*21; 12%-13%, n = 2). Transfection studies confirmed significantly decreased A expression compared to wild type. The remaining variants were found on ABO*B.01 background: c.1_5dup (pGly3Trpfs*20), c.15dup (p.Arg6Alafs*51) or c.496del (p.Thr166Profs*26). Although the absence of plasma anti-B was noted overall, B antigen expression was barely detected on erythrocytes. Overexpression confirmed decreased B in two variants compared to wildtype while c.1_5dup only showed a non-significant downward trend. CONCLUSION Samples displaying aberrant ABO serology revealed seven principally interesting alleles. Despite the presence of truncating mutations, normally resulting in null alleles, low levels of ABO antigens were detectable where alterations affected ABO exons 1-4 but not exon 7. This is compatible with the previously proposed concept that alternative start codons in early exons can be used to initiate the translation of functional ABO glycosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ricci Hagman
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Center C14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika K Hult
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Center C14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Hellberg
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Center C14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Center C14, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
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Duca M, Malagolini N, Dall'Olio F. The story of the Sd a antigen and of its cognate enzyme B4GALNT2: What is new? Glycoconj J 2023; 40:123-133. [PMID: 36287346 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Gal- is the epitope of the Sda antigen, which is expressed on the erythrocytes and secretions of the vast majority of Caucasians, carried by N- and O-linked chains of glycoproteins, as well as by glycolipids. Sda is very similar, but not identical, to ganglioside GM2 [Siaα2,3(GalNAcβ1,4)Galβ1,4Glc-Cer]. The Sda synthase β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 (B4GALNT2) exists in a short and a long form, diverging in the aminoterminal domain. The latter has a very long cytoplasmic tail and displays a Golgi- as well as a post-Golgi localization. The biosynthesis of Sda is mutually exclusive with that of the cancer-associated sialyl Lewis antigens, whose structure is Siaα2,3Galβ1,3/4(Fucα1,4/3)GlcNAc-. B4GALNT2 is down-regulated in colon cancer but patients with higher expression survive longer. In experimental systems, B4GALNT2 inhibits colon cancer progression,not only through inhibition of sialyl Lewis antigen biosynthesis. By contrast, in breast cancer B4GALNT2 is associated with malignancy. In colon cancer, the B4GALNT2 gene is regulated by multiple mechanisms, which include miRNA and transcription factor expression, as well as CpG methylation. In addition, Sda/B4GALNT2 regulates the susceptibility to infectious agents, the protection from muscle dystrophy, the activity of immune system in pregnancy and the immune rejection in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Duca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Building, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Gassner C, Castilho L, Chen Q, Clausen FB, Denomme GA, Flegel WA, Gleadall N, Hellberg Å, Ji Y, Keller MA, Lane WJ, Ligthart P, Lomas-Francis C, Nogues N, Olsson ML, Peyrard T, Storry JR, Tani Y, Thornton N, van der Schoot E, Veldhuisen B, Wagner F, Weinstock C, Wendel S, Westhoff C, Yahalom V, Hyland CA. International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology Report of Basel and three virtual business meetings: Update on blood group systems. Vox Sang 2022; 117:1332-1344. [PMID: 36121188 PMCID: PMC10680040 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Under the ISBT, the Working Party (WP) for Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology is charged with ratifying blood group systems, antigens and alleles. This report presents the outcomes from four WP business meetings, one located in Basel in 2019 and three held as virtual meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS As in previous meetings, matters pertaining to blood group antigen nomenclature were discussed. New blood group systems and antigens were approved and named according to the serologic, genetic, biochemical and cell biological evidence presented. RESULTS Seven new blood group systems, KANNO (defined numerically as ISBT 037), SID (038), CTL2 (039), PEL (040), MAM (041), EMM (042) and ABCC1 (043) were ratified. Two (039 and 043) were de novo discoveries, and the remainder comprised reported antigens where the causal genes were previously unknown. A further 15 blood group antigens were added to the existing blood group systems: MNS (002), RH (004), LU (005), DI (010), SC (013), GE (020), KN (022), JMH (026) and RHAG (030). CONCLUSION The ISBT now recognizes 378 antigens, of which 345 are clustered within 43 blood group systems while 33 still have an unknown genetic basis. The ongoing discovery of new blood group systems and antigens underscores the diverse and complex biology of the red cell membrane. The WP continues to update the blood group antigen tables and the allele nomenclature tables. These can be found on the ISBT website (http://www.isbtweb.org/working-parties/red-cell-immunogenetics-and-blood-group-terminology/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gassner
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Qing Chen
- Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Frederik Banch Clausen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Blood Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Willy A. Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nick Gleadall
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Åsa Hellberg
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Yanli Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - William J. Lane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Ligthart
- Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Lomas-Francis
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Genomics, New York Blood Center Enterprise, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Martin L. Olsson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile-de-France, Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes sanguins, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- UMR_S1134 Inserm Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jill R. Storry
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Nicole Thornton
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbera Veldhuisen
- Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franz Wagner
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
- MVZ Clementinenkrankenhaus, Springe, Germany
| | - Christof Weinstock
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Service, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Connie Westhoff
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Genomics, New York Blood Center Enterprise, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vered Yahalom
- Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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