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Yang SN, Shi Y, Berggren PO. The anterior chamber of the eye technology and its anatomical, optical, and immunological bases. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:881-929. [PMID: 38206586 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) is distinct in its anatomy, optics, and immunology. This guarantees that the eye perceives visual information in the context of physiology even when encountering adverse incidents like inflammation. In addition, this endows the ACE with the special nursery bed iris enriched in vasculatures and nerves. The ACE constitutes a confined space enclosing an oxygen/nutrient-rich, immune-privileged, and less stressful milieu as well as an optically transparent medium. Therefore, aside from visual perception, the ACE unexpectedly serves as an excellent transplantation site for different body parts and a unique platform for noninvasive, longitudinal, and intravital microimaging of different grafts. On the basis of these merits, the ACE technology has evolved from the prototypical through the conventional to the advanced version. Studies using this technology as a versatile biomedical research platform have led to a diverse range of basic knowledge and in-depth understanding of a variety of cells, tissues, and organs as well as artificial biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, and abiotic substances. Remarkably, the technology turns in vivo dynamic imaging of the morphological characteristics, organotypic features, developmental fates, and specific functions of intracameral grafts into reality under physiological and pathological conditions. Here we review the anatomical, optical, and immunological bases as well as technical details of the ACE technology. Moreover, we discuss major achievements obtained and potential prospective avenues for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Nian Yang
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yue Shi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rayar M, Allain G, Kerforne T. [Surgical aspects of multi-organ harvesting for transplantation]. SOINS; LA REVUE DE REFERENCE INFIRMIERE 2023; 68:33-36. [PMID: 37657868 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of multi-organ harvesting is to remove and condition organs so that they can be transplanted. It is an extremely well codified surgical procedure, performed in a precise order. It is unique in that it involves different teams, each with its own specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rayar
- Service de chirurgie hépatobiliaire et digestif, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, site Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Institut NuMeCan, UMR 1241, Inserm, université de Rennes 1, campus santé, 2 avenue du Pr Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Géraldine Allain
- Service de chirurgie cardiothoracique et vasculaire, centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Unité Irmetist, Inserm U1313, centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Thomas Kerforne
- Unité Irmetist, Inserm U1313, centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86073 Poitiers, France; Service d'anesthésie-réanimation et médecine périopératoire, centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Coordination hospitalière des prélèvements d'organes et de tissus, centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
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Molecular Frontiers in Transplantation-Induced Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043450. [PMID: 36834861 PMCID: PMC9968209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue aims to summarize the most up-to-date research on ischemia-reperfusion and organ transplantation [...].
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Mourouzis I, Kounatidis D, Brozou V, Anagnostopoulos D, Katsaouni A, Lourbopoulos A, Pantos C. Effects of T3 Administration on Ex Vivo Rat Hearts Subjected to Normothermic Perfusion: Therapeutic Implications in Donor Heart Preservation and Repair. Transpl Int 2023; 36:10742. [PMID: 36824295 PMCID: PMC9941138 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) administration in ex vivo model of rat heart normothermic perfusion. T3 is cardioprotective and has the potential to repair the injured myocardium. Isolated hearts were subjected to normothermic perfusion (NP) with Krebs-Henseleit for 4 h with vehicle (NP) or 60 nM T3 in the perfusate (NP + T3). Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), perfusion pressure (PP) and percentage of change of these parameters from the baseline values were measured. Activation of stress induced kinase signaling was assessed in tissue samples. Baseline parameters were similar between groups. LVEDP was increased from the baseline by 13% (70) for NP + T3 vs. 139% (160) for NP group, p = 0.048. LVDP was reduced by 18.2% (5) for NP + T3 vs. 25.3% (19) for NP group, p = 0.01. PP was increased by 41% (19) for NP + T3 vs.91% (56) for NP group, p = 0.024. T3 increased activation of pro-survival Akt by 1.85 fold (p = 0.047) and AMPK by 2.25 fold (p = 0.01) and reduced activation of pro-apoptotic p38 MAPK by 3fold (p = 0.04) and p54 JNK by 4.0 fold (p = 0.04). Administration of T3 in normothermic perfusion had favorable effects on cardiac function and perfusion pressure and switched death to pro-survival kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Brozou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Katsaouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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A Proof-of-Concept Preclinical Study Using a Novel Thermal Insulation Device in a Porcine Kidney Auto-Transplantation Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213806. [PMID: 36430283 PMCID: PMC9697795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a fundamental problem during organ transplantation logistics. One key technical factor is the rapid allograft rewarming during the time of vascular reconstruction in the recipient. In this pilot study, a new thermal insulation bag (TIB) for organ transplantation was used. Insulation capacity, tissue compatibility, and usability were tested initially ex vivo on porcine kidneys (n = 24) followed by the first in vivo usage. Fourteen female German landrace pigs underwent kidney auto-transplantation after 24 h cold storage (4 °C). During the implantation process the kidney was either insulated with the new TIB, or it was not thermo-protected at all, which represents the clinical standard. In this proof-of-concept study, the usability (knife-to-skin-time) and the general thermal capacity (30 min warm storage at 38 °C ex vivo p < 0.001) was shown. The clinical outcome showed significant differences in the determination of CRP and pi-GST levels. Syndecan-1 Antibody staining showed clear significant higher counts in the control group (p < 0.01) indicating epithelial damage. However, the effect on renal outcomes in not severely pre-damaged kidneys does not appear to be conclusively significant. A close follow-up study is warranted, especially in the context of marginal organs or in cases where anastomosis-times are prolonged due to surgical complexity (e.g., multiple vessels and complex reconstructions).
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A Potential Route to Reduce Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Organ Preservation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172763. [PMID: 36078175 PMCID: PMC9455584 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological process of ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI), an inevitable step in organ transplantation, causes important biochemical and structural changes that can result in serious organ damage. IRI is relevant for early graft dysfunction and graft survival. Today, in a global context of organ shortages, most organs come from extended criteria donors (ECDs), which are more sensitive to IRI. The main objective of organ preservation solutions is to protect against IRI through the application of specific, nonphysiological components, under conditions of no blood or oxygen, and then under conditions of metabolic reduction by hypothermia. The composition of hypothermic solutions includes osmotic and oncotic buffering components, and they are intracellular (rich in potassium) or extracellular (rich in sodium). However, above all, they all contain the same type of components intended to protect against IRI, such as glutathione, adenosine and allopurinol. These components have not changed for more than 30 years, even though our knowledge of IRI, and much of the relevant literature, questions their stability or efficacy. In addition, several pharmacological molecules have been the subjects of preclinical studies to optimize this protection. Among them, trimetazidine, tacrolimus and carvedilol have shown the most benefits. In fact, these drugs are already in clinical use, and it is a question of repositioning them for this novel use, without additional risk. This new strategy of including them would allow us to shift from cold storage solutions to cold preservation solutions including multitarget pharmacological components, offering protection against IRI and thus protecting today's more vulnerable organs.
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Coskun A, Yegen C, Arbak S, Attaallah W, Gunal O, Elmas MA, Ucal Y, Can O, Baş B, Yildirim Z, Seckin I, Demirci S, Serteser M, Ozpinar A, Belce A, Basdemir G, Moldur DE, Derelioglu EI, Yozgatli TK, Erdemgil Y, Unsal I. Melatonin in preservation solutions prevents ischemic injury in rat kidneys. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273921. [PMID: 36044512 PMCID: PMC9432748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is lifesaving and the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure. The transplantation success depends on the functional preservation of organs prior to transplantation. Currently, the University of Wisconsin (UW) and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) are the most commonly used preservation solutions. Despite intensive efforts, the functional preservation of solid organs prior to transplantation is limited to hours. In this study, we modified the UW solution containing components from both the UW and HTK solutions and analyzed their tissue-protective effect against ischemic injury. The composition of the UW solution was changed by reducing hydroxyethyl starch concentration and adding Histidine/Histidine-HCl which is the main component of HTK solution. Additionally, the preservation solutions were supplemented with melatonin and glucosamine. The protective effects of the preservation solutions were assessed by biochemical and microscopical analysis at 2, 10, 24, and 72 h after preserving the rat kidneys with static cold storage. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in preservation solutions was measured at 2, 10, 24, and 72. It was not detectable at 2 h of preservation in all groups and 10 h of preservation in modified UW+melatonin (mUW-m) and modified UW+glucosamine (mUW-g) groups. At the 72nd hour, the lowest LDH activity (0.91 IU/g (0.63–1.17)) was measured in the mUW-m group. In comparison to the UW group, histopathological damage score was low in modified UW (mUW), mUW-m, and mUW-g groups at 10, 24, and 72 hours. The mUW-m solution at low temperature was an effective and suitable solution to protect renal tissue for up to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Coskun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Cumhur Yegen
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Arbak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wafi Attaallah
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Gunal
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Acikel Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ucal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Can
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Medical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Baş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yildirim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Seckin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Demirci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biruni University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serteser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Belce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biruni University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Basdemir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Emel Moldur
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yigit Erdemgil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Unsal
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
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