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Srisutha J, Watari I, Akakura M, Watanabe M, Changsiripun C, Ono T. P2X7R and P2X4R expression of mice submandibular gland in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10855. [PMID: 38740782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can compromise the functioning of various organs, including the salivary glands (SG). The purinergic system is one of the most important inflammatory pathways in T2DM condition, and P2X7R and P2X4R are the primary purinergic receptors in SG that regulate inflammatory homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate P2X7R and P2X4R expression, and morphological changes in the submandibular gland (SMG) in T2DM. Twenty-four 5-week-old mice were randomly assigned to control (CON) and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (n = 12 each). Body weight, diet, and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. The histomorphology of the SMG and the expression of the P2X7R, and P2X7R was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) at 11 and 13 weeks of age. Our findings indicate a significant increase in food consumption, body weight, and blood glucose levels in the DM group. Although a significant increase in P2X7R and P2X4R expression was observed in the DM groups, the receptor location remained unchanged. We also observed a significant increase in the acinar area in the DM13w group, and a significant decrease in the ductal area in the DM11w and DM13w groups. Targeting purinergic receptors may offer novel therapeutic methods for diabetic complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Submandibular Gland/metabolism
- Submandibular Gland/pathology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X4/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X4/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Mice
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Body Weight
- Streptozocin
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratchaya Srisutha
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ippei Watari
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Masato Akakura
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Minami Watanabe
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Chidsanu Changsiripun
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo city, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Sluyter R. Purinergic Signalling in Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119196. [PMID: 37298149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its inception by the late Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Jędrejko K, Kała K, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Pytko-Polończyk J, Muszyńska B. Effect of Cordyceps spp. and Cordycepin on Functions of Bones and Teeth and Related Processes: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238170. [PMID: 36500262 PMCID: PMC9737375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps spp. (belonging to the Ascomycota group) are entomopathogenic mushrooms that have traditionally been used in ethnomedicine in Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and India. They are unique parasites of larvae of selected species of moths. Cordyceps militaris is one of the best sources of cordycepin. Worldwide, osteoporosis is one of the most common bone diseases, whose pharmacotherapy includes various medical interventions; however, the research and development of new molecules and new drugs is required. The impact of adenosine receptors (ARs) on the purinergic signaling pathway may regulate proliferation, differentiate dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow, and modulate osteogenesis and bone repair. The aim of the review was to collect and analyze the available data on the effects of Cordyceps spp. or cordycepin on bone function and related processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review in this perspective, not necessarily using mushroom raw material or even the isolated parent compound cordycepin, but new molecules that are analogs of nucleosides, such as those from C. militaris. This review found that Cordyceps spp. or isolated cordycepin interacts via the AR, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) signaling pathway and evaluated their impact on bones, teeth, and dental pulp. Cordyceps spp. was found to have the potential to develop regenerative medicines, thus providing an opportunity to expand the treatment or intervention methods in the recovery after traumatic injuries, convalescence, and terminal-stage or devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jędrejko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk
- Chair and Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 4 Montelupich Street, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (B.M.)
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Jasmer KJ, Muñoz Forti K, Woods LT, Cha S, Weisman GA. Therapeutic potential for P2Y 2 receptor antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3. [PMID: 36219327 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the target of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drug therapies. Though the purinergic P2 receptors have been an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with successes such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) antagonism remains relatively unexplored as a therapeutic strategy. Due to a lack of selective antagonists to modify P2Y2R activity, studies using primarily genetic manipulation have revealed roles for P2Y2R in a multitude of diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, renal diseases, cancer, and pathogenic infections. With the advent of AR-C118925, a selective and potent P2Y2R antagonist that became commercially available only a few years ago, new opportunities exist to gain a more robust understanding of P2Y2R function and assess therapeutic effects of P2Y2R antagonism. This review discusses the characteristics of P2Y2R that make it unique among P2 receptors, namely its involvement in five distinct signaling pathways including canonical Gαq protein signaling. We also discuss the effects of other P2Y2R antagonists and the pivotal development of AR-C118925. The remainder of this review concerns the mounting evidence implicating P2Y2Rs in disease pathogenesis, focusing on those studies that have evaluated AR-C118925 in pre-clinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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