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Gallo MB, Bader AN, Torres-Nicolini A, Alvarez VA, Consolo VF. Proteomic analysis of Trichoderma harzianum secretome and their role in the biosynthesis of zinc/iron oxide nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2025; 15:3252. [PMID: 39863789 PMCID: PMC11762295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The fungal green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained great interest since it is a cost-effective and easy handling method. The process is simple because fungi secrete metabolites and proteins capable of reducing metal salts in aqueous solution, however the mechanism remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the secretome of a Trichoderma harzianum strain during the mycobiosynthesis process of zinc and iron nanoparticles. Different profiles of proteins secreted by the fungus grown in the culture media or in the aqueous filtrate were observed through SDS‒PAGE and LC‒MS/MS analysis identifying 99 and 304 proteins, respectively. Particularly, in the aqueous filtrate proteins of metabolic processes and stress response mainly oxidoreductases, were identified. Successfully, ZnO and FeO NPs were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric, and FTIR analysis. FTIR revealed organic compounds in nanoparticles acting as probably capping agents. This research is the first report in which a proteomic analysis identifies multiple enzymes involved in the biogenic process of NP biosynthesis from T. harzianum, and its role is clearly demonstrated by the formation of zincite and magnetite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela B Gallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - Araceli N Bader
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - Andrés Torres-Nicolini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA- CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - Vera A Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA- CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - Verónica F Consolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina.
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Sodhi GK, Wijesekara T, Kumawat KC, Adhikari P, Joshi K, Singh S, Farda B, Djebaili R, Sabbi E, Ramila F, Sillu D, Santoyo G, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Kumar A, Pellegrini M, Mitra D. Nanomaterials-plants-microbes interaction: plant growth promotion and stress mitigation. Front Microbiol 2025; 15:1516794. [PMID: 39881995 PMCID: PMC11774922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1516794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization, extreme climate conditions, and phytopathogens are abiotic and biotic stressors that remarkably reduce agricultural productivity. Recently, nanomaterials have gained attention as effective agents for agricultural applications to mitigate such stresses. This review aims to critically appraise the available literature on interactions involving nanomaterials, plants, and microorganisms. This review explores the role of nanomaterials in enhancing plant growth and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. These materials can be synthesized by microbes, plants, and algae, and they can be applied as fertilizers and stress amelioration agents. Nanomaterials facilitate nutrient uptake, improve water retention, and enhance the efficiency of active ingredient delivery. Nanomaterials strengthen plant antioxidant systems, regulate photosynthesis, and stabilize hormonal pathways. Concurrently, their antimicrobial and protective properties provide resilience against biotic stressors, including pathogens and pests, by promoting plant immune responses and optimizing microbial-plant symbiosis. The synergistic interactions of nanomaterials with beneficial microorganisms optimize plant growth under stress conditions. These materials also serve as carriers of nutrients, growth regulators, and pesticides, thus acting like "smart fertilizers. While nanotechnology offers great promise, addressing potential environmental and ecotoxicological risks associated with their use is necessary. This review outlines pathways for leveraging nanotechnology to achieve resilient, sustainable, and climate-smart agricultural systems by integrating molecular insights and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur Sodhi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tharuka Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Kailash Chand Kumawat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Kuldeep Joshi
- Centre for GMP Extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Smriti Singh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology, College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges Jhanjeri (Mohali), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Beatrice Farda
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Rihab Djebaili
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Enrico Sabbi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fares Ramila
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Water, Environment and Health, Abbes Laghrour University of Khenchela, Khenchela, Algeria
- Laboratory of Mycology, Biotechnology and Microbial Activity, Brothers Mentouri University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Devendra Sillu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Marika Pellegrini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Ghareeb A, Fouda A, Kishk RM, El Kazzaz WM. Unlocking the potential of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: an insight into green synthesis, optimizations, characterizations, and multifunctional applications. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:341. [PMID: 39710687 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the emergence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) as versatile nanomaterials, particularly exploring their biogenic synthesis methods through different biological entities such as plants, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These biological entities provide eco-friendly, cost-effective, biocompatible, and rapid methods for TiO2-NP synthesis to overcome the disadvantages of traditional approaches. TiO2-NPs have distinctive properties, including high surface area, stability, UV protection, and photocatalytic activity, which enable diverse applications. Through detailed analysis, this review demonstrates significant applications of green fabricated TiO2-NPs in biomedicine, explicitly highlighting their antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities, along with applications in targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and theragnostic cancer treatment. Additionally, the review underscores their pivotal significance in biosensors, bioimaging, and agricultural applications such as nanopesticides and nanofertilizers. Also, this review proves valuable incorporation of TiO2-NPs in the treatment of contaminated soil and water with various environmental contaminants such as dyes, heavy metals, radionuclides, agricultural effluents, and pathogens. These comprehensive findings establish the foundation for future innovations in nanotechnology, underscoring the importance of further investigating bio-based synthetic approaches and bioactivity mechanisms to enhance their efficacy and safety across healthcare, agricultural, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Kishk
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Waleed M El Kazzaz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Răut I, Constantin M, Șuică-Bunghez R, Firincă C, Alexandrescu E, Gîfu IC, Doni M, Zamfir LG, Gurban AM, Jecu L. Extracellular Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Filamentous Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:798. [PMID: 39590717 PMCID: PMC11595898 DOI: 10.3390/jof10110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has received substantial attention due to their applications in various domains. The aim of the study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis with filamentous fungi, such as Cladosporium cladosporoides, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Fungal species were grown on nutrient media and aqueous mycelium extracts were used to reduce Ag+ to Ag (0). The silver nanoparticles were analyzed by various techniques, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the color change of the mixture containing metal precursor and aqueous mycelium extract. FTIR displayed different functional groups as capping and reducing agents for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. SEM and TEM provided information on the particles' morphology. DLS diagrams indicated mean particle diameters in the 124-168 nm region. All biosynthesized AgNPs had negative zeta values, which is a sign of good stability. Silver nanoparticles were evaluated for antimicrobial activity, and the most active were those synthesized with metabolites from Cladosporium, leading to 93.75% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, 67.20% of Escherichia coli, and 69.56% of Candida albicans. With the highest microbial inhibition percentage and a very good Poly Dispersion Index (Pd I), Cladosporium cladosporoides was selected as an environmentally friendly source of silver nanoparticles that could be used as a potential antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Răut
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Mariana Constantin
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Bd. Gh. Sincai, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Șuică-Bunghez
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Cristina Firincă
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elvira Alexandrescu
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Ioana Cătălina Gîfu
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Mihaela Doni
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Lucian-Gabriel Zamfir
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Ana-Maria Gurban
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
| | - Luiza Jecu
- Biotechnology and Bioanalysis Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Independentei Spl., 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.R.); (M.C.); (R.Ș.-B.); (C.F.); (E.A.); (I.C.G.); (M.D.); (L.-G.Z.)
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Pineda-Vásquez T, Rendón-Castrillón L, Ramírez-Carmona M, Ocampo-López C. From E-Waste to High-Value Materials: Sustainable Synthesis of Metal, Metal Oxide, and MOF Nanoparticles from Waste Printed Circuit Boards. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:69. [PMID: 38202524 PMCID: PMC10780742 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The exponential growth of electronic waste (e-waste) has raised significant environmental concerns, with projections indicating a surge to 74.7 million metric tons of e-waste generated by 2030. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), constituting approximately 10% of all e-waste, are particularly intriguing due to their high content of valuable metals and rare earth elements. However, the presence of hazardous elements necessitates sustainable recycling strategies. This review explores innovative approaches to sustainable metal nanoparticle synthesis from WPCBs. Efficient metal recovery from WPCBs begins with disassembly and the utilization of advanced equipment for optimal separation. Various pretreatment techniques, including selective leaching and magnetic separation, enhance metal recovery efficiency. Green recovery systems such as biohydrometallurgy offer eco-friendly alternatives, with high selectivity. Converting metal ions into nanoparticles involves concentration and transformation methods like chemical precipitation, electrowinning, and dialysis. These methods are vital for transforming recovered metal ions into valuable nanoparticles, promoting sustainable resource utilization and eco-friendly e-waste recycling. Sustainable green synthesis methods utilizing natural sources, including microorganisms and plants, are discussed, with a focus on their applications in producing well-defined nanoparticles. Nanoparticles derived from WPCBs find valuable applications in drug delivery, microelectronics, antimicrobial materials, environmental remediation, diagnostics, catalysis, agriculture, etc. They contribute to eco-friendly wastewater treatment, photocatalysis, protective coatings, and biomedicine. The important implications of this review lie in its identification of sustainable metal nanoparticle synthesis from WPCBs as a pivotal solution to e-waste environmental concerns, paving the way for eco-friendly recycling practices and the supply of valuable materials for diverse industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pineda-Vásquez
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ª No 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia;
| | - Leidy Rendón-Castrillón
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Chemical Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ª No 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.R.-C.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Margarita Ramírez-Carmona
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Chemical Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ª No 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.R.-C.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Carlos Ocampo-López
- Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Chemical Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ª No 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.R.-C.); (M.R.-C.)
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