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Du XX, Todorov P, Isachenko E, Sanchez R, Uribe P, Rahimi G, Mallmann P, Isachenko V. Model of micro-metastases of breast cancer cells in ovarian tissue: Cryopreservation of ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells with increased speed of warming increases malignancy. Cryobiology 2024; 116:104910. [PMID: 38777075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In medicine, ovarian tissue cryopreservation exists for fertility preservation of cancer patients. In fact, ovarian tissue frozen for subsequent thawing and re-transplantation can be contaminated with cancer cells. Therefore, investigations on the effect of cryopreservation on the post-thawed viability of such cells are relevant. Speed of warming is a key parameter of cell cryopreservation. However, the data about comparative viability of cancer cells cryopreserved with different parameters of warming are limited. The aim of our investigations was to assess the malignancy of cryopreserved cancer cells after conventional cooling followed by relatively slow and quick speed of warming. In vitro cultured breast cancer cells of lines ZR-75-1 and MD0MD-231 in form of compacted fragments (as a model of solid tumors) were frozen following a protocol usually used for freezing of ovarian tissue (6 % ethylene glycol+6 % glycerol+0.15 M sucrose, -0.3 °C/min). Cells were warmed by two routine regimes of warming: at 37 °C ("slow" warming) and 100 °C ("quick" warming). Biological properties of cells were investigated: viability, proliferation rate, 2D- and 3D-migration, transmembrane movement and invasion. Quick warming at 100 °C in comparison with slow warming at 37 °C exhibited significantly higher cell survival for MDA-MB-231 cells: 70.1 % vs. 63.2 % and for ZR-75-1 86.8 % vs. 82.9 %, respectively. The cell motility including 2D movement and 3D transmembrane migration were higher after quick thawing at 100 °C. Invasive abilities of cells after cryopreservation were higher than that of fresh (non-treated cells). Both thawing regimes showed a similar rate of cell proliferation. Cryopreservation procedures, and especially this one with quick thawing, increase malignancy of ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Du
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, IVF-Laboratory and Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Plamen Todorov
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Evgenia Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, IVF-Laboratory and Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Raul Sanchez
- Temuco University de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Temuco University de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Gohar Rahimi
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, IVF-Laboratory and Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum AMEDES für IVF- und Pränatalmedizin in Köln GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Peter Mallmann
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, IVF-Laboratory and Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Volodimir Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, IVF-Laboratory and Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Marco A, Gargallo M, Ciriza J, Shikanov A, Baquedano L, García Pérez-Llantada J, Malo C. Current Fertility Preservation Steps in Young Women Suffering from Cancer and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4360. [PMID: 38673945 PMCID: PMC11050570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer incidence, especially in high-income countries, has led to a focus on preserving fertility in this vulnerable population. The common treatments, such as radiation and certain chemotherapeutic agents, though effective, pose a risk to fertility. For adult women, established techniques like embryo and egg freezing are standard, requiring ovarian stimulation. However, for prepubescent girls, ovarian tissue freezing has become the primary option, eliminating the need for hormonal preparation. This review describes the beginning, evolution, and current situation of the fertility preservation options for this young population. A total of 75 studies were included, covering the steps in the current fertility preservation protocols: (i) ovarian tissue extraction, (ii) the freezing method, and (iii) thawing and transplantation. Cryopreservation and the subsequent transplantation of ovarian tissue have resulted in successful fertility restoration, with over 200 recorded live births, including cases involving ovarian tissue cryopreserved from prepubescent girls. Despite promising results, challenges persist, such as follicular loss during transplantation, which is attributed to ischemic and oxidative damage. Optimizing ovarian tissue-freezing processes and exploring alternatives to transplantation, like in vitro systems for follicles to establish maturation, are essential to mitigating associated risks. Further research is required in fertility preservation techniques to enhance clinical outcomes in the future. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation appears to be a method with specific benefits, indications, and risks, which can be an important tool in terms of preserving fertility in younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marco
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Marta Gargallo
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.G.); (J.C.)
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Baquedano
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Miguel Servat, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | | | - Clara Malo
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.G.); (J.C.)
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Ying H, Shi L, Zhang S. Research progress on mechanism of follicle injury after frozen ovarian tissue transplantation and protective strategies. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38562041 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The iatrogenic ovarian dysfunction caused by cancer treatment have been increasing, along with the age at onset of malignant tumors getting younger, the survival of cancer patients being longer, as well as the delayed childbearing age for females; therefore it becomes a major clinical challenge to preserve the fertility of these patients. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the only solution for female cancer patients in prepubertal ages and those who cannot delay gonadotoxic therapy. However, the successful rate of cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue is still low at present due to the risk of ischemia and hypoxia of grafted tissues. Abnormal activation of primordial follicle and ischemia-reperfusion injury after blood supply recovery also cause massive loss of follicles in grafted ovarian tissues. It has been tried in various studies to reduce the damage of follicles during freezing and transplantation by adding certain drugs, and extend the duration of endocrine and reproductive function in patients with ovarian transplantation. For example, melatonin, N-acetylcysteine, erythropoietin or other antioxidants are used to reduce oxidative stress; mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 2 and gonadotropin are used to promote revascularization; anti-Müllerian hormone and rapamycin are used to reduce abnormal activation of primordial follicles. This article reviews the research progress on the main mechanisms of follicle loss after ovarian tissue transplantation, including hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion injury and associated cell death, and abnormal activation of follicles; and explores the methods of reducing graft follicle loss to provide reference for improving the efficiency of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of , Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Libing Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of , Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of , Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Pei C, Todorov P, Cao M, Kong Q, Isachenko E, Rahimi G, Mallmann-Gottschalk N, Uribe P, Sanchez R, Isachenko V. Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses for the Optimization of Thawing Regimes during Conventional Cryopreservation of Mature and Immature Human Testicular Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:214. [PMID: 38203385 PMCID: PMC10778995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of human testicular tissue, as a key element of anticancer therapy, includes the following stages: saturation with cryoprotectants, freezing, thawing, and removal of cryoprotectants. According to the point of view existing in "classical" cryobiology, the thawing mode is the most important consideration in the entire process of cryopreservation of any type of cells, including cells of testicular tissue. The existing postulate in cryobiology states that any frozen types of cells must be thawed as quickly as possible. The technologically maximum possible thawing temperature is 100 °C, which is used in our technology for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue. However, there are other points of view on the rate of cell thawing, according to how thawing should be carried out at physiological temperatures. In fact, there are morphological and functional differences between immature (from prepubertal patients) and mature testicular tissue. Accordingly, the question of the influence of thawing temperature on both types of tissues is relevant. The purpose of this study is to explore the transcriptomic differences of cryopreserved mature and immature testicular tissue subjected to different thawing methods by RNA sequencing. Collected and frozen testicular tissue samples were divided into four groups: quickly (in boiling water at 100 °C) thawed cryopreserved mature testicular tissue (group 1), slowly (by a physiological temperature of 37 °C) thawed mature testicular tissue (group 2), quickly thawed immature testicular tissue (group 3), and slowly thawed immature testicular tissue (group 4). Transcriptomic differences were assessed using differentially expressed genes (DEG), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene ontology (GO), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. No fundamental differences in the quality of cells of mature and immature testicular tissue after cryopreservation were found. Generally, thawing of mature and immature testicular tissue was more effective at 100 °C. The greatest difference in the intensity of gene expression was observed in ribosomes of cells thawed at 100 °C in comparison with cells thawed at 37 °C. In conclusion, an elevated speed of thawing is beneficial for frozen testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Pei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
| | - Plamen Todorov
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Mengyang Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
| | - Qingduo Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
| | - Evgenia Isachenko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
| | - Gohar Rahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum AMEDES für IVF- und Pränatalmedizin in Köln GmbH, 50968 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Mallmann-Gottschalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4810296, Chile; (P.U.); (R.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Raul Sanchez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4810296, Chile; (P.U.); (R.S.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Volodimir Isachenko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Cologne University, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.P.); (Q.K.); (E.I.); (N.M.-G.)
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Trapphoff T, Dieterle S. Cryopreservation of Ovarian and Testicular Tissue and the Influence on Epigenetic Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11061. [PMID: 37446239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) or testicular tissue cryopreservation (TTC) are effective and often the only options for fertility preservation in female or male patients due to oncological, medical, or social aspects. While TTC and resumption of spermatogenesis, either in vivo or in vitro, has still be considered an experimental approach in humans, OTC and autotransplantation has been applied increasingly to preserve fertility, with more than 200 live births worldwide. However, the cryopreservation of reproductive cells followed by the resumption of gametogenesis, either in vivo or in vitro, may interfere with sensitive and highly regulated cellular processes. In particular, the epigenetic profile, which includes not just reversible modifications of the DNA itself but also post-translational histone modifications, small non-coding RNAs, gene expression and availability, and storage of related proteins or transcripts, have to be considered in this context. Due to complex reprogramming and maintenance mechanisms of the epigenome in germ cells, growing embryos, and offspring, OTC and TTC are carried out at very critical moments early in the life cycle. Given this background, the safety of OTC and TTC, taking into account the epigenetic profile, has to be clarified. Cryopreservation of mature germ cells (including metaphase II oocytes and mature spermatozoa collected via ejaculation or more invasively after testicular biopsy) or embryos has been used successfully for many years in medically assisted reproduction (MAR). However, tissue freezing followed by in vitro or in vivo gametogenesis has become more attractive in the past, while few human studies have analysed the epigenetic effects, with most data deriving from animal studies. In this review, we highlight the potential influence of the cryopreservation of immature germ cells and subsequent in vivo or in vitro growth and differentiation on the epigenetic profile (including DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and the abundance and availability of relevant transcripts and proteins) in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Dieterle
- Dortmund Fertility Centre, 44135 Dortmund, Germany
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Witten/Herdecke University, 44135 Dortmund, Germany
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