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Fu H, Ge Y, Liu X, Deng S, Li J, Tan P, Yang Y, Wu Z. Exposure to the environmental pollutant chlorpyrifos induces hepatic toxicity through activation of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:171711. [PMID: 38494025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CHP) is an inexpensive highly effective organophosphate insecticide used worldwide. The unguided and excessive use of CHP by farmers has led to its significant accumulation in crops as well as contamination of water sources, causing health problems for humans and animals. Therefore, this study evaluated the toxicological effects of exposure to the environmental pollutant CHP at low, medium, and high (2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg-1 BW) levels on rat liver by examining antioxidant levels, inflammation, and apoptosis based on the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) (1 mg·kg-1 BW) and the CHP dose that does not cause any visual symptoms (5 mg·kg-1 BW). Furthermore, the involvement of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways in CHP-induced toxic effects was identified. The relationship between the expression levels of key proteins (p-JAK/JAK, p-STAT/STAT, p-JNK/JNK, p-P38/P38, and p-ERK/ERK) in the pathways and changes in the expression of markers associated with inflammation [inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), chemokines (GCLC and GCLM), and inflammatory signaling pathways (NF-кB, TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, ASC, MyD88, IFN-γ, and iNOS)] and apoptosis [Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3, Caspase9, and the cleavage substrate of Caspase PARP1] were also determined. The results suggest that CHP exposure disrupts liver function and activates the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways via oxidative stress, exacerbating inflammation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways are involved in CHP-induced hepatotoxicity. These findings provide a novel direction for effective prevention and amelioration of health problems caused by CHP abuse in agriculture and households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Cheng F, Zhang Y, Xiong H, Zhao M, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Li Y, Tang R, Li J. NMNATs expression inhibition mediated NAD + deficiency plays a critical role in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116799. [PMID: 38160893 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs with known cardiotoxicity while other organ toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity is not well defined. This study was to explore the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. DOX (20 mg/kg) induced acute liver injury and oxidative stress in C57BL/6 J mice at 48 h. Notably, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) were downregulated. NAD+ deficiency was confirmed due to DOX exposure. Mechanistically, the downregulation of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 1 (NMNAT1), NMNAT2 and NMNAT3, while no alteration of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase was proved. As a consequence of NAD+ deficiency, the expression of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase1 (PARP1), CD38 and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) were reduced. Furthermore, supplementation of NAD+ (200 mg/kg/day) or its precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) (500 mg/kg/day) alleviated liver injury, attenuated oxidative stress, and elevated the downregulation of Nrf2 and NQO1. More importantly, compromised expression of NMNAT1-3, PARP1, CD38 and SIRT1 were improved by NAD+ and NMN. In conclusion, NAD+ deficiency due to NMNATs expression inhibition may attribute to the pathogenesis of DOX-induced hepatotoxicity, thus providing new insights for mitigating DOX side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongli Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Minzhu Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, PR China.
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