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Yan M, Su L, Wu K, Mei Y, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zeng W, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Cai G, Bai Y. USP7 promotes cardiometabolic disorders and mitochondrial homeostasis dysfunction in diabetic mice via stabilizing PGC1β. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107235. [PMID: 38815879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and is characterized by left ventricular dysfunction. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments for DCM. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) plays a key role in various diseases. However, whether USP7 is involved in DCM has not been established. In this study, we demonstrated that USP7 was upregulated in diabetic mouse hearts and NMCMs co-treated with HG+PA or H9c2 cells treated with PA. Abnormalities in diabetic heart morphology and function were reversed by USP7 silencing through conditional gene knockout or chemical inhibition. Proteomic analysis coupled with biochemical validation confirmed that PCG1β was one of the direct protein substrates of USP7 and aggravated myocardial damage through coactivation of the PPARα signaling pathway. USP7 silencing restored the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related proteins and restored mitochondrial homeostasis by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and promoting fusion events. Similar effects were also observed in vitro. Our data demonstrated that USP7 promoted cardiometabolic metabolism disorders and mitochondrial homeostasis dysfunction via stabilizing PCG1β and suggested that silencing USP7 may be a therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liyan Su
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Kaile Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Zeng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guida Cai
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Chronic Disease Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Maseko TE, Elkalaf M, Peterová E, Lotková H, Staňková P, Melek J, Dušek J, Žádníková P, Čížková D, Bezrouk A, Pávek P, Červinková Z, Kučera O. Comparison of HepaRG and HepG2 cell lines to model mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:18. [PMID: 38186319 PMCID: PMC10781417 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some clinical studies have reported increased mitochondrial respiration in patients with fatty liver and early non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), there is a lack of in vitro models of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar findings. Despite being the most commonly used immortalized cell line for in vitro models of NAFLD, HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) exhibit a decreased mitochondrial respiration. On the other hand, the use of HepaRG cells to study mitochondrial respiratory changes following exposure to FFAs has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess cellular energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial respiration, and lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG and HepG2 cells. HepaRG and HepG2 cells were exposed to FFAs, followed by comparative analyses that examained cellular metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities, mitochondrial morphology, lipotoxicity, the mRNA expression of selected genes and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. FFAs stimulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in HepaRG cells, but not in HepG2 cells. Stimulated complex I, II‑driven respiration and β‑oxidation were linked to increased complex I and II activities in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. Exposure to FFAs disrupted mitochondrial morphology in both HepaRG and HepG2 cells. Lipotoxicity was induced to a greater extent in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells than in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. TAG accumulation was less prominent in HepaRG cells than in HepG2 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that stimulated mitochondrial respiration is associated with lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that HepaRG cells are more suitable for assessing mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in the developed in vitro model of early‑stage NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumisang Edward Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Halka Lotková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Melek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Čížková
- Department of Histology and Embryology Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Longhitano L, Distefano A, Musso N, Bonacci P, Orlando L, Giallongo S, Tibullo D, Denaro S, Lazzarino G, Ferrigno J, Nicolosi A, Alanazi AM, Salomone F, Tropea E, Barbagallo IA, Bramanti V, Li Volti G, Lazzarino G, Torella D, Amorini AM. (+)-Lipoic acid reduces mitochondrial unfolded protein response and attenuates oxidative stress and aging in an in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:82. [PMID: 38245790 PMCID: PMC10799515 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder characterized by the ac-cumulation of fat in hepatocytes without alcohol consumption. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play significant roles in NAFLD pathogenesis. The unfolded protein response in mitochondria (UPRmt) is an adaptive mechanism that aims to restore mitochondrial protein homeostasis and mitigate cellular stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ( +)-Lipoic acid (ALA) on UPRmt, inflammation, and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of NAFLD using HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid and oleic acid to induce steatosis. RESULTS Treatment with palmitic and oleic acids increased UPRmt-related proteins HSP90 and HSP60 (heat shock protein), and decreased CLPP (caseinolytic protease P), indicating ER stress activation. ALA treatment at 1 μM and 5 μM restored UPRmt-related protein levels. PA:OA (palmitic acid:oleic acid)-induced ER stress markers IRE1α (Inositol requiring enzyme-1), CHOP (C/EBP Homologous Protein), BIP (Binding Immunoglobulin Protein), and BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein) were significantly reduced by ALA treatment. ALA also enhanced ER-mediated protein glycosylation and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased GPX1 (Glutathione peroxidase 1), GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi 1), and GSR (glutathione-disulfide reductase) expression and increased GSH (Glutathione) levels, and improved cellular senescence as shown by the markers β-galactosidase, γH2Ax and Klotho-beta. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ALA ameliorated ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in HepG2 cells treated with palmitic and oleic acids, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for NAFLD providing a possible biochemical mechanism underlying ALA beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonacci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Orlando
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Denaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Jessica Ferrigno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Nicolosi
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Ospedale Cannizzaro, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- U.O.S. Laboratory Analysis, Maggiore "Nino Baglieri" Hospital - ASP Ragusa, 97015, Modica (RG), Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via Di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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