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Rezaie N, Ashrafian F, Shidvash F, Aghamohammad S, Rohani M. The effect of novel paraprobiotic cocktail on dextran sodium sulfate induced acute colitis control focusing on autophagy signaling pathway. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1797-1805. [PMID: 38592518 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paraprobiotics are a non-viable form of probiotics that are reported to provide significant health benefits. Nevertheless, little is known about the beneficial effects of paraprobiotics on inflammatory bowel disease. Although probiotics show potential as therapeutic agents for a range of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are certain risks associated with their use. These risks include toxin production, hemolytic potential, antibiotic resistance, and the need to analyze metabolic activities. Hence Using paraprobiotic with the lower aforementioned risk would therefore be the preferable option. Here, we conducted an in vivo study to evaluate the preventive effect of our native paraprobiotic cocktail against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis by affecting the autophagy signaling pathway. METHODS Four-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups after a two-week acclimation period with normal standard laboratory food diet. Mice were administered PBS (PBS group as control), PBS along with DSS (DSS group, as a control), and a cocktail of paraprobiotics along with DSS (Para group). The severity of colitis, length and histopathology of the colon were evaluated. In addition, the expression of autophagy was assessed using real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that administration of the paraprobiotic cocktail to DSS-treated mice inhibited the severity of colitis symptoms, as evidenced by the inhibition of weight loss and DAI, as well as histopathological scores in the study colon, as well as shortening of colon length caused by DSS. In contrast to the DSS group, the cocktail was able to modulate inflammation through upregulation of autophagy-related genes (becline 1, atg5, atg7, atg12, and atg13). CONCLUSION Although there are some limitations in our investigation, such as the dosage and duration of treatments, our native paraprobiotic blend effectively prevented the advancement of colitis. This suggests that it plays a vital role in regulating inflammation and preventing colitis by promoting the autophagy mechanism in cases where the consumption of probiotics may have negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Rezaie
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shidvash
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Tikunov AY, Fedorets VA, Shrainer EV, Morozov VV, Bystrova VI, Tikunova NV. Intestinal Microbiome Changes and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7702. [PMID: 38137770 PMCID: PMC10743744 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects many people. One of the possible ways to treat UC is fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In this study, changes in the intestinal microbiome and clinical outcomes of 20 patients with UC after FMT were estimated. METHODS FMT enemas were administrated ten times, once a day, and fecal microbiota from three donors was used for each enema. The clinical outcomes were assessed after eight weeks and then via a patient survey. The 16S rRNA profiles of the gut microbiota were compared between three samplings: samples from 20 patients with UC before and after FMT and samples from 18 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Clinical remission was achieved in 19 (95%) patients at week 8. Adverse events occurred in five patients, including one non-responder. A significant increase in average biodiversity was shown in samples after FMT compared to samples before FMT, as well as a decrease in the proportion of some potentially pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION The efficacy of FMT for UC treatment was confirmed; however, the duration of remission varied substantially, possibly due to different characteristics of the initial microbiota of patients. Targeted analysis of a patient's microbiome before FMT could increase the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Y. Tikunov
- Federal State Public Scientific Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.Y.T.); (V.A.F.); (E.V.S.); (V.V.M.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Valeria A. Fedorets
- Federal State Public Scientific Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.Y.T.); (V.A.F.); (E.V.S.); (V.V.M.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Evgenia V. Shrainer
- Federal State Public Scientific Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.Y.T.); (V.A.F.); (E.V.S.); (V.V.M.); (V.I.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk National Research State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vitaliy V. Morozov
- Federal State Public Scientific Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.Y.T.); (V.A.F.); (E.V.S.); (V.V.M.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Valeria I. Bystrova
- Federal State Public Scientific Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.Y.T.); (V.A.F.); (E.V.S.); (V.V.M.); (V.I.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk National Research State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina V. Tikunova
- Federal State Public Scientific Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.Y.T.); (V.A.F.); (E.V.S.); (V.V.M.); (V.I.B.)
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Halkjær SI, Lo B, Cold F, Højer Christensen A, Holster S, König J, Brummer RJ, Aroniadis OC, Lahtinen P, Holvoet T, Gluud LL, Petersen AM. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3185-3202. [PMID: 37346153 PMCID: PMC10280798 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in developed countries and reduces patients’ quality of life, hinders their ability to work, and increases health care costs. A growing number of trials have demonstrated an aberrant gut microbiota composition in IBS, also known as ‘gut dysbiosis’. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a treatment for IBS.
AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of FMT for the treatment of IBS.
METHODS We searched Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science up to 24 October 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of FMT compared to placebo (including autologous FMT) in treating IBS. The primary outcome was the number of patients with improvements of symptoms measured using a validated, global IBS symptoms score. Secondary outcomes were changes in quality-of-life scores, non-serious and serious adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95%CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, as were the mean differences (MD) and 95%CI for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the trials. GRADE criteria were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.
RESULTS Eight RCTs (484 participants) were included in the review. FMT resulted in no significant benefit in IBS symptoms three months after treatment compared to placebo (RR 1.19, 95%CI: 0.68-2.10). Adverse events were reported in 97 participants in the FMT group and in 45 participants in the placebo group (RR 1.17, 95%CI: 0.63-2.15). One serious adverse event occurred in the FMT group and two in the placebo group (RR 0.42, 95%CI: 0.07-2.60). Endoscopic FMT delivery resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms, while capsules did not. FMT did not improve the quality of life of IBS patients but, instead, appeared to reduce it, albeit non significantly (MD -6.30, 95%CI: -13.39-0.79). The overall quality of the evidence was low due to moderate-high inconsistency, the small number of patients in the studies, and imprecision.
CONCLUSION We found insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of FMT for IBS. Larger trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ingdam Halkjær
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Bobby Lo
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Frederik Cold
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | | | - Savanne Holster
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70362, Sweden
| | - Julia König
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70362, Sweden
| | - Robert Jan Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70362, Sweden
| | - Olga C Aroniadis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, New York, NY 11794-8434, United States
| | - Perttu Lahtinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti 15850, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tom Holvoet
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen IBD Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
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Del Barrio M, Lavín L, Santos-Laso Á, Arias-Loste MT, Odriozola A, Rodriguez-Duque JC, Rivas C, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Paving the Way to Treat Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076123. [PMID: 37047094 PMCID: PMC10094628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). Currently, the only therapeutic recommendation available is a lifestyle change. However, adherence to this approach is often difficult to guarantee. Alteration of the microbiota and an increase in intestinal permeability seem to be key in the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, the manipulation of microbiota seems to provide a promising therapeutic strategy. One way to do so is through faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Here, we summarize the key aspects of FMT, detail its current indications and highlight the most recent advances in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Barrio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Lucía Lavín
- Clinical Trial Agency Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Álvaro Santos-Laso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Loste
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Aitor Odriozola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Duque
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Coral Rivas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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5
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Grüner N, Ortlepp AL, Mattner J. Pivotal Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Intraluminal Metabolites for the Maintenance of Gut-Bone Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065161. [PMID: 36982235 PMCID: PMC10048911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota, and their mutual interactions with host tissues, are pivotal for the maintenance of organ physiology. Indeed, intraluminal signals influence adjacent and even distal tissues. Consequently, disruptions in the composition or functions of microbiota and subsequent altered host-microbiota interactions disturb the homeostasis of multiple organ systems, including the bone. Thus, gut microbiota can influence bone mass and physiology, as well as postnatal skeletal evolution. Alterations in nutrient or electrolyte absorption, metabolism, or immune functions, due to the translocation of microbial antigens or metabolites across intestinal barriers, affect bone tissues, as well. Intestinal microbiota can directly and indirectly alter bone density and bone remodeling. Intestinal dysbiosis and a subsequently disturbed gut-bone axis are characteristic for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who suffer from various intestinal symptoms and multiple bone-related complications, such as arthritis or osteoporosis. Immune cells affecting the joints are presumably even primed in the gut. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis impairs hormone metabolism and electrolyte balance. On the other hand, less is known about the impact of bone metabolism on gut physiology. In this review, we summarized current knowledge of gut microbiota, metabolites and microbiota-primed immune cells in IBD and bone-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grüner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Lisa Ortlepp
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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González-Chávez SA, Salas-Leiva JS, Salas-Leiva DE, López-Loeza SM, Sausameda-García J, Orrantia-Borunda E, Burgos-Vargas R, Alvarado-Jáquez MF, Torres-Quintana M, Cuevas-Martínez R, Chaparro-Barrera E, Marín-Terrazas C, Espino-Solís GP, Romero-López JP, Bernal-Alferes BDJ, Pacheco-Tena C. Levofloxacin induces differential effects in the transcriptome between the gut, peripheral and axial joints in the Spondyloarthritis DBA/1 mice: Improvement of intestinal dysbiosis and the overall inflammatory process. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281265. [PMID: 36730179 PMCID: PMC9894406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the effect of levofloxacin-induced intestinal microbiota modifications on intestinal, joint, and systemic inflammation in the DBA/1 mice with spontaneous arthritis. The study included two groups of mice, one of which received levofloxacin. The composition and structure of the microbiota were determined in the mice's stool using 16S rRNA sequencing; the differential taxa and metabolic pathway between mice treated with levofloxacin and control mice were also defied. The effect of levofloxacin was evaluated in the intestines, hind paws, and spines of mice through DNA microarray transcriptome and histopathological analyses; systemic inflammation was measured by flow cytometry. Levofloxacin decreased the pro-inflammatory bacteria, including Prevotellaceae, Odoribacter, and Blautia, and increased the anti-inflammatory Muribaculaceae in mice's stool. Histological analysis confirmed the intestinal inflammation in control mice, while in levofloxacin-treated mice, inflammation was reduced; in the hind paws and spines, levofloxacin also decreased the inflammation. Microarray showed the downregulation of genes and signaling pathways relevant in spondyloarthritis, including several cytokines and chemokines. Levofloxacin-treated mice showed differential transcriptomic profiles between peripheral and axial joints and intestines. Levofloxacin decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-23a, and JAK3 in the three tissues, but IL-17 behaved differently in the intestine and the joints. Serum TNF-α was also reduced in levofloxacin-treated mice. Our results suggest that the microbiota modification aimed at reducing pro-inflammatory and increasing anti-inflammatory bacteria could potentially be a coadjuvant in treating inflammatory arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Joan S. Salas-Leiva
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, México
| | - Dayana E. Salas-Leiva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Salma Marcela López-Loeza
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Jasanai Sausameda-García
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, México
| | - Rubén Burgos-Vargas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Mayra Torres-Quintana
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Rubén Cuevas-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Eduardo Chaparro-Barrera
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Carlos Marín-Terrazas
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Gerardo Pável Espino-Solís
- Translational Research Laboratory and National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - José Pablo Romero-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Clínica 1, Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Brian de Jesús Bernal-Alferes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Clínica 1, Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Laboratorio PABIOM, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
- * E-mail:
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Huang X, Zhang Y, Huang J, Gao W, Yongfang X, Zeng C, Gao C. The effect of FMT and vitamin C on immunity-related genes in antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15356. [PMID: 37193034 PMCID: PMC10183171 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are double-edged swords. Although antibiotics are used to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, they also run the risk of destroying some of the healthy bacteria in our bodies. We examined the effect of penicillin on the organism through a microarray dataset, after which 12 genes related to immuno-inflammatory pathways were selected by reading the literature and validated using neomycin and ampicillin. The expression of genes was measured using qRT-PCR. Several genes were significantly overexpressed in antibiotic-treated mice, including CD74 and SAA2 in intestinal tissues that remained extremely expressed after natural recovery. Moreover, transplantation of fecal microbiota from healthy mice to antibiotic-treated mice was made, where GZMB, CD3G, H2-AA, PSMB9, CD74, and SAA1 were greatly expressed; however, SAA2 was downregulated and normal expression was restored, and in liver tissue, SAA1, SAA2, SAA3 were extremely expressed. After the addition of vitamin C, which has positive effects in several aspects, to the fecal microbiota transplantation, in the intestinal tissues, the genes that were highly expressed after the fecal microbiota transplantation effectively reduced their expression, and the unaffected genes remained normally expressed, but the CD74 gene remained highly expressed. In liver tissues, normally expressed genes were not affected, but the expression of SAA1 was reduced and the expression of SAA3 was increased. In other words, fecal microbiota transplantation did not necessarily bring about a positive effect of gene expression restoration, but the addition of vitamin C effectively reduced the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation and regulated the balance of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Tele-communications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yv Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Tele-communications, Chongqing, China
| | - Junsong Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Tele-communications, Chongqing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Xie Yongfang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Tele-communications, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuisheng Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Tele-communications, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Tele-communications, Chongqing, China
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8
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Porras AM, Zhou H, Shi Q, Xiao X, Longman R, Brito IL. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gut Commensals Degrade Components of the Extracellular Matrix. mBio 2022; 13:e0220122. [PMID: 36445085 PMCID: PMC9765649 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02201-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling has emerged as a key feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and ECM fragments have been proposed as markers of clinical disease severity. Recent studies report increased protease activity in the gut microbiota of IBD patients. Nonetheless, the relationship between gut microbiota and ECM remodeling has remained unexplored. We hypothesized that members of the human gut microbiome could degrade the host ECM and that bacteria-driven remodeling, in turn, could enhance colonic inflammation. Through a variety of in vitro assays, we first confirmed that multiple bacterial species found in the human gut are capable of degrading specific ECM components. Clinical stool samples obtained from ulcerative colitis patients also exhibited higher levels of proteolytic activity in vitro, compared to those of their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, culture supernatants from bacteria species that are capable of degrading human ECM accelerated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Finally, we identified several of the bacterial proteases and carbohydrate degrading enzymes (CAZymes) that are potentially responsible for ECM degradation in vitro. Some of these protease families and CAZymes were also found in increased abundance in a metagenomic cohort of IBD. These results demonstrate that some commensal bacteria in the gut are indeed capable of degrading components of human ECM in vitro and suggest that this proteolytic activity may be involved in the progression of IBD. A better understanding of the relationship between nonpathogenic gut microbes, host ECM, and inflammation could be crucial to elucidating some of the mechanisms underlying host-bacteria interactions in IBD and beyond. IMPORTANCE Healthy gut epithelial cells form a barrier that keeps bacteria and other substances from entering the blood or tissues of the body. Those cells sit on scaffolding that maintains the structure of the gut and informs our immune system about the integrity of this barrier. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), breaks are formed in this cellular barrier, and bacteria gain access to the underlying tissue and scaffolding. In our study, we discovered that bacteria that normally reside in the gut can modify and disassemble the underlying scaffolding. Additionally, we discovered that changes to this scaffolding affect the onset of IBD in mouse models of colitis as well as the abilities of these mice to recover. We propose that this new information will reveal how breaks in the gut wall lead to IBD and will open up new avenues by which to treat patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Porras
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qiaojuan Shi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xieyue Xiao
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - JRI Live Cell Bank
- Jill Roberts Institute for IBD Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for IBD Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilana Lauren Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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9
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Alaoui Mdarhri H, Benmessaoud R, Yacoubi H, Seffar L, Guennouni Assimi H, Hamam M, Boussettine R, Filali-Ansari N, Lahlou FA, Diawara I, Ennaji MM, Kettani-Halabi M. Alternatives Therapeutic Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics: Advantages, Limitations and Potential Application in Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1826. [PMID: 36551487 PMCID: PMC9774722 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobials and particularly multidrug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the health system nowadays. The continual increase in the rates of antimicrobial resistance worldwide boosted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major public health threat. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance and control this threat, but the question still lingers as to their safety and efficiency. In this context, new anti-infectious approaches against multidrug resistance are being examined. Use of new antibiotics and their combination with new β-lactamase inhibitors, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and antisense antimicrobial therapeutics are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming bacterial resistance. In this review, we provide insights into these emerging alternative therapies that are currently being evaluated and which may be developed in the future to break the progression of antimicrobial resistance. We focus on their advantages and limitations and potential application in medicine. We further highlight the importance of the combination therapy approach, wherein two or more therapies are used in combination in order to more effectively combat infectious disease and increasing access to quality healthcare. These advances could give an alternate solution to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. We eventually hope to provide useful information for clinicians who are seeking solutions to the problems caused by antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alaoui Mdarhri
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Rachid Benmessaoud
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Houda Yacoubi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Lina Seffar
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Houda Guennouni Assimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Mouhsine Hamam
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Rihabe Boussettine
- Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 28 806, Morocco
| | - Najoie Filali-Ansari
- Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 28 806, Morocco
| | - Fatima Azzahra Lahlou
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- Department of Biological Engineering, Higher Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
| | - Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
- Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 28 806, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Kettani-Halabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
- National Reference Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82 403, Morocco
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10
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Zhang X, Ishikawa D, Ohkusa T, Fukuda S, Nagahara A. Hot topics on fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1068567. [PMID: 36530877 PMCID: PMC9755187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1068567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal mucosal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Traditional anti-inflammatory treatment regimens have yielded unsatisfactory results. As research continues to deepen, it has been found that the gut microbiota of patients with IBD is generally altered. The presence of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract is inextricably linked to the regulation of health and disease. Disruption of the microbiotic balance of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is called dysbiosis, which leads to disease. Therefore, in recent years, the exploration of therapeutic methods to restore the homeostasis of the gut microbiota has attracted attention. Moreover, the use of the well-established fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) regimen for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection has attracted the interest of IBD researchers. Therefore, there are an increasing number of clinical studies regarding FMT for IBD treatment. However, a series of questions regarding FMT in the treatment of IBD warrants further investigation and discussion. By reviewing published studies, this review explored hot topics such as the efficacy, safety, and administration protocol flow of FMT in the treatment of IBD. Different administration protocols have generally shown reassuring results with significant efficacy and safety. However, the FMT treatment regimen needs to be further optimized. We believe that in the future, individual customized or standard FMT implementation will further enhance the relevance of FMT in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Department of Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Intestinal Microbiota: The Driving Force behind Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194796. [PMID: 36230724 PMCID: PMC9564057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the great achievements of cancer immunotherapy in a variety of tumors, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance still plague patients and clinical researchers. In particular, the occurrence of immune-related adverse events forces patients to discontinue cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize cancer immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. With the iteration of sequencing technology, the microbiome, as the second set of genomes in the body, has been proven to be involved in immunity and metabolism. More and more studies are gradually shifting the perspective to the intestinal microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. The intestinal microbiota reactivates and modulates immune cells in immunotherapy and is expected to become a biomarker for predicting immune efficacy. Targeting to improve the intestinal microbiota can enhance anti-tumor immunity. This advantage is beneficial to control related adverse symptoms and expand the beneficiary population of cancer immunotherapy. This finding can help clinicians comprehensively evaluate the effect of tumor screening and tumor treatment. Therefore, the innovative combination of gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy is expected to be an active strategy to enhance individualized immune responses. Abstract In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become a breakthrough method to solve solid tumors. It uses immune checkpoint inhibitors to interfere with tumor immune escape to coordinate anti-tumor therapy. However, immunotherapy has an individualized response rate. Moreover, immune-related adverse events and drug resistance are still urgent issues that need to be resolved, which may be attributed to the immune imbalance caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Microbiome research has fully revealed the metabolic-immune interaction relationship between the microbiome and the host. Surprisingly, sequencing technology further proved that intestinal microbiota could effectively intervene in tumor immunotherapy and reduce the incidence of adverse events. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy under the intervention of intestinal microbiota has innovatively broadened the anti-tumor landscape and is expected to become an active strategy to enhance individualized responses.
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12
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Rakotonirina A, Galperine T, Allémann E. Fecal microbiota transplantation: a review on current formulations in Clostridioides difficile infection and future outlooks. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:929-944. [PMID: 35763604 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2095901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the gut microbiota in health and the pathogenesis of several diseases has been highlighted in recent years. Even though the precise mechanisms involving the microbiome in these ailments are still unclear, microbiota-modulating therapies have been developed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown significant results against Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and its potential has been investigated for other diseases. Unfortunately, the technical aspects of the treatment make it difficult to implement. Pharmaceutical technology approaches to encapsulate microorganisms could play an important role in providing this treatment and render the treatment modalities easier to handle. AREAS COVERED After an overview of CDI, this narrative review aims to discuss the current formulations for FMT and specifically addresses the technical aspects of the treatment. This review also distinguishes itself by focusing on the hurdles and emphasizing the possible improvements using pharmaceutical technologies. EXPERT OPINION FMT is an efficient treatment for recurrent CDI. However, its standardization is overlooked. The approach of industrial and hospital preparations of FMT are different, but both show promise in their respective methodologies. Novel FMT formulations could enable further research on dysbiotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Rakotonirina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Galperine
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,French Group of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Immunotherapy is revolutionizing tumor treatment by activating the immune response to tumors. Among them, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors is considered to be a milestone in tumor treatment. It has revolutionized the management of advanced malignant tumors by activating T cells, promoting cytotoxic signaling pathways, and killing tumor cells, effectively improving the overall survival of patients. However, resistance to immunotherapy and immune-related adverse events remain challenges for immunotherapy. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that modulating intestinal microbiota can enhance immunotherapy response and reduce complications. Currently, the more mature method for microbiota regulation is fecal microbiota transplantation, which involves transfering a donor's microbiome to the recipient in the form of capsules or fecal microbiota suspension to restore the richness of the recipient's intestinal microbiota. In terms of cancer immunotherapy, fecal microbiota transplantation in patients who fail to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors is expected to produce better prognosis for patients.
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