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Loaiza R, Fattahi F, Kalbitz M, Grailer JJ, Russell MW, Jalife J, Valdivia HH, Zetoune FS, Ward PA. The Impact of Extracellular Histones and Absence of Toll-like Receptors on Cardiac Functional and Electrical Disturbances in Mouse Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8653. [PMID: 39201339 PMCID: PMC11354419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In polymicrobial sepsis, the extracellular histones, mainly released from activated neutrophils, significantly contribute to cardiac dysfunction (septic cardiomyopathy), as demonstrated in our previous studies using Echo-Doppler measurements. This study aims to elucidate the roles of extracellular histones and their interactions with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cardiac dysfunction. Through ex vivo assessments of ECG, left ventricle (LV) function parameters, and in vivo Echo-Doppler studies in mice perfused with extracellular histones, we aim to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Langendorff-perfused hearts from both wild-type and TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were examined. Paced mouse hearts were perfused with histones to assess contractility and relaxation. Echo-Doppler studies evaluated cardiac dysfunction after intravenous histone injection. Histone perfusion caused defects in contractility and relaxation, with TLR2 and TLR3 KO mice being partially protected. Specifically, TLR2 KO mice exhibited the greatest reduction in Echo-Doppler abnormalities, while TLR4 KO exacerbated cardiac dysfunction. Among individual histones, H1 induced the most pronounced abnormalities in cardiac function, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and LDH release. Our data highlight significant interactions between histones and TLRs, providing insights into histones especially H1 as potential therapeutic targets for septic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are needed to explore specific histone-TLR interactions and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Loaiza
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.L.); (J.J.); (H.H.V.)
- CENIBiot Laboratory, The National Center of High Technology (CeNAT-CONARE), San José 10109, Costa Rica
| | - Fatemeh Fattahi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.K.); (J.J.G.); (F.S.Z.)
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.K.); (J.J.G.); (F.S.Z.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Military Medical City Hospital, Doha 486441, Qatar
| | - Jamison J. Grailer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.K.); (J.J.G.); (F.S.Z.)
- Integrated Biology R&D, Bioassay Development, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Mark W. Russell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Jose Jalife
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.L.); (J.J.); (H.H.V.)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector H. Valdivia
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.L.); (J.J.); (H.H.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Firas S. Zetoune
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.K.); (J.J.G.); (F.S.Z.)
| | - Peter A. Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.K.); (J.J.G.); (F.S.Z.)
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Li X, Ye Y, Peng K, Zeng Z, Chen L, Zeng Y. Histones: The critical players in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030610. [PMID: 36479112 PMCID: PMC9720293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved histones in different species seem to represent a very ancient and universal innate host defense system against microorganisms in the biological world. Histones are the essential part of nuclear matter and act as a control switch for DNA transcription. However, histones are also found in the cytoplasm, cell membranes, and extracellular fluid, where they function as host defenses and promote inflammatory responses. In some cases, extracellular histones can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), thereby triggering innate immune responses and causing initial organ damage. Histones and their fragments serve as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to directly eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Histones are also involved in phagocytes-related innate immune response as components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophil activators, and plasminogen receptors. In addition, as a considerable part of epigenetic regulation, histone modifications play a vital role in regulating the innate immune response and expression of corresponding defense genes. Here, we review the regulatory role of histones in innate immune response, which provides a new strategy for the development of antibiotics and the use of histones as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kailan Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yanhua Zeng, ;
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